Comparing the patients with type 2 diabetes and the control and using the animal models,the researchers have found some disease related proteins and the marks for disease detection.They have set some new detection methods and give us a special view into type 2 diabetes.We do some primary discussions about recent studies and future development directions in the proteomics study of type 2 diabetes in this article.

The genus Paris L. (Family Liliaceae) concerns 24 species all over the world, and 19 species are native to China especially in the southwest of China. Steroid saponins, flavonoid, triterpenes, and fatty acids are the major bioactive components in the plants of Paris L. Moden pharmacological researches demonstrate that the plants in this genus have many biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, hemostatic, anthelmintic effect, etc. In this paper, the systematic classification, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effects of plants in Paris L. have been summarized. It may provide the reference for the further studies of this genus.

To understand the adverse drug reaction (ADR) induced by Mailuoning injection. 162 ADRs due to the drug were retrieved from national medical journals of 1988-2007 for statistics. It was shown that there was no relationship between ADR and dosage, but ADR appeared mostly in middle-aged and old groups, and more in male than in female. The occurrence of ADR was commonly within 30 min after injection. It involved injuries of various systems and organs. As for the 123 cases of allergy, 38 were anaphylactic shock (accounting for 23.46%), two people died. ADR characterized by immediate type on initial use and tachy type. It should be paid more attention to the Mailuoning injection for the immediate hypersensitivity reaction (such as anaphylactic shock).
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Time Factors

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endourologic treatment of benign uret-erointestinal anastomotic strictures in patients with urinary diversion. Methods Nine cases of benign ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures with a length of 1-3 cm following radical cystectomy and uri-nary diversion accepted endourologic treatment. 8 cases were treated by antegrade percutaneous ap-proach, 1 case by retrograde ureteroscopic approach. The strictures received balloon dilation, and ure-teral stents indewelled. Results In a follow up of 0.5-5.0 years, 1 case received percutaneous ne-phrostomy for complete ureterointestinal anastomotic atresia and refused to open operation reconstruc-tion. 5 cases had no recurrence after 2-3 endoscopic sessions. 3 cases needed long time ureteral stents indwelled. Conclusion Endourological technique for ureterointestinal strictures following urinary di-version avoided the disadvantages of open operation.

Based on the Bacillus sp., isolated from Lop Nur Desert, the technology of separation and purification and the antioxidant effect were studied. After centrifugation and vacuum filtration, the deproteinization of supernatant was operated with Sevag reagent. The crude exopolysaccharide (EPS) was obtained by precipitation with ethanol. The optimum conditions for the isolation were as follow: pH 7.0, temperature 4?C, time 1.5 h, and material to ethanol ratio 1: 4. Dissolved in water, the crude EPS was fractional separated on activated carbon column (1.5 cm ? 24 cm), eluted with distilled water, 60% ethanol, 95% ethanol, and the main fraction was collected. Then the EPS was purified on Sephadex G-100 gel column, eluted with NaCl (0.2 mol/L). Fractions (4 mL, each) were also combined according to total sugar by phenol-sulfuric acid method and protein content was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue. The results showed that EPS was relatively homogeneous glycoprotein. The data of antioxidation in vitro showed that the EPS had a high antioxidant activity, which could quench hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and had antilipid peroxidation activity. All of these indicated that EPS was a good natural antioxidant.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of Ginkgo biloba Tablet (GbT) on scavenger receptor A (SRA) of the aortic wall and changes of serum inflammatory factors in atherosclerotic rats, and to explore its new mechanism for fighting against atherosclerosis (AS).

METHODSTotally 45 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the GbT group, 15 rats in each group. Levels of blood glucose, blood lipids, blood calcium, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (slCAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured in all rats. The expression of SRA in the aortic wall of atherosclerotic rats was observed by immunohistochemical assay. The correlation between the expression of SRA and levels of in-flammatory factors was also observed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, blood glucose and blood calcium obviously increased (P < 0.05); levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C were significantly elevated (P < 0.01); neointimal areas were significantly thickened, increased intima percentage was significantly enlarged, narrowed lumen index was significantly reduced; levels of CRP, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 were significantly elevated in the model group (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, blood glucose and blood calcium obviously decreased (P < 0.05); levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the GbT group. Aortic lumens were obviously narrower in the model group than in the GbT group (P < 0.05). SRA expressed at the aortic wall. The aforesaid 3 indices were significantly improved in the GbT group than in the model group (P < 0.01). Serum levels of CRP, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 were significantly decreased in the GbT group than in the model group (P < 0.01). Serum levels of CRP, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 were positively correlated with the percentage of SRA positive expression area (r = 0.701, 0.604, 0.581, all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSSerum levels of inflammatory factors in atherosclerotic rats were elevated, and the expression of SRA in the aortic wall was enhanced. The expression of SRA was closely correlated with serum levels of inflammatory factors. GbT could decrease serum levels of inflammatory factors and inhibit the expression of SRA.

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Calcium ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Scavenger Receptors, Class A ; metabolism ; Tablets ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; blood

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituents of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS recognition and signal transmission are key events in the host defense reaction towards Gram-negative bacteria and are associated with many disorders. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in the response to LPS. With the help of LPS-binding protein and CD14, TLR4 binds with LPS, then recruits myeloid differentiation factor 88 and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase, and further phosphorylates and activates TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6). The activated TRAF6 leads to the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB and MAP kinase's pathways that involves in LPS-induced cellular responses and the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL8.
Acute-Phase Proteins ; metabolism ; Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; chemistry ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Objective To compare the advantages of two gross motor measure scales, Peabody Developmental Measure Scale Gross Motor (PDMS-GM) and Gross Motor Function Measure Scale (GMFM), in the evaluation of children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods The gross motor functions of 29 CP children, 0-3 years old, were evaluated three times using PDMS-GM and GMFM respectively. The improvement percentile each month of PDMS-GM and GMFM were compared by t test.Results There was significant difference between the improvement percentile each month of PDMS-GM and GMFM. Conclusion The GMFM was more sensitive than PDMS-GM in the evaluation of CP children especially in the evaluation of treatment effect.

On account of the dense cuticles of the fresh stem and the light, hard and pliable texture of the dried stem, Dendrobii Caulis is difficult to dry or pulverize. So, it is very important to the ancient doctors that Dendrobii Caulis should be properly treated and applied to keep or evoke its medicinal effects. The current textual research results about the preliminary processing, processing and usage methods of Dendrobii Caulis showed that: (1) In history the clinical use of fresh or processed Dendrobii Caulis as teas and tinctures were very common. (2) Its roots and rhizomes would be removed before using. (3) Some ancillary approaches were applied to shorten drying times, such as rinsing with boiling mulberry-ash soup, washing or soaking with liquor, mixing with rice pulp and then basking, etc. (4) According to the ancients knowledge, the sufficient pulverization, by means of slicing, rasping, hitting or pestling techniques, was necessary for Dendrobii Caulis to take its effects. (5) The heat processing methods for Dendrobii Caulis included stir-baking, stir-frying, steaming, decocting and stewing techniques, usually with liquor as an auxiliary material. Among above mentioned, steaming by pretreating with liquor was most commonly used, and this scheme was colorfully drawn in Bu Yi Lei Gong Pao Zhi Bian Lan (Ming Dynasty, 1591 CE) ; moreover, decocting in advance or long-time simmering so as to prepare paste products were recommended in the Qing Dynasty. (6) Some different processing programs involving stir-baking with grit, air-tightly baking with ondol (Kangs), fumigating with sulfur, which appeared in modern times and brought attractive outward appearance of the drug, went against ancients original intentions of ensuring drug efficacy.
Dendrobium ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; history