AIM: To compare the contents of baicalin,paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetic acid in the seperated and mixed decoction of Huangqin Decoction(Radix Scutellariae,Radix Paeoniae alba,Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae and Fructus Jujubae). METHODS: The contents of baicalin,paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetic acid were analyzed by HPLC.Chromatographic conditions included: Hypersil BDS C_(18) column and the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol-water-phosphoric acid(47(∶)53(∶)0.2),acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid(18(∶)82(∶)0.1) and methanol-water-phosphate buffer solution(70(∶)29(∶)1).Baicalin,paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetic acid were detected at 280 nm,230 nm and 250 nm respectively. RESULTS: The linear range of baicalin,paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetic acid were 2.88—72.00 ?g/mL,2.85—22.80 ?g/mL and 4.16—52.00 ?g/mL respectively.The contents of baicalin in the mixed decoction was higher than that in the seperated decoction.The contents of paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetic acid in the mixed decoction were almost as same as that in seperated decoction. CONCLUSION: The contents of active ingredients in the mixed and seperated decoction are different.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clubfoot ; physiopathology ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

OBJECTIVETo examine the effects of Han's acupoint and nerve stimulator (HANS) electroacupuncture on the expression of NPY in periaqueductal grey (PAG) of heroin addicted rats.

METHODSHeroin was injected subcutaneously according to the principle of daily increasing dose in rats of experimented group. The ability of special learning and memory were tested by Morris water maze; The expression of NPY in PAG of rat were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS(1) Escape latency and searching distance in heroin-addiction group were significantly increased compared with those of normal group during the place navigation test (P < 0.05). However, in acupuncture group, escape latency and searching distance was obviously shortened compared with those of heroin-addiction group (P < 0.05). The exploring time and distance of original platform area in proportion to the total distance in heroin-addiction group significantly decreased compared with those of normal group during spatial probe test (P < 0.05). The exploring time and distance of original platform area in proportion to the total distance in acupuncture group was increased compared with those in heroin-addiction group (P < 0.01). (2) The expression of NPY of heroin-addiction group was lower than that in normal group in PAG, while those of acupuncture group was higher than that in the heroin-addiction group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe learning and memory induced by heroin-addiction could be reversed and the expression of NPY in PAG was increased by HANS in rats.

Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Heroin Dependence ; metabolism ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Memory ; Neuropeptide Y ; metabolism ; Periaqueductal Gray ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The expression vectors of the gene encoding ScFv-2F3 were transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). Clones of higher expression were first selected, then were grown in the presence of IPTG at 37 degrees C to induce its expression. The culture conditions were carefully optimized. It was found that optimal conditions were as follows: the induction was started as OD590 reached to 1.0-1.8; the concentration of IPTG was 0.3-0.5 mmol/L and induction time is 7 h. The yield of ScFv-2F3 expressed in the selected clones is about 20% of the total proteins. The optimal culture conditions were successfully applied to fermenter of 50 L. The conditions of washing the inclusion bodies were also optimized. A two-step method was used to renature the inclusion body. The expression product of interest and its biological activities were characterized with Western blotting and ELISA. A novel selenium-containing single-chain abzyme with GPX activity was prepared.
Antibodies, Catalytic ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; Gene Expression ; Immunoglobulin Fragments ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Inclusion Bodies ; metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Renaturation ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Selenium ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factor of Ofloxacin resistance among the tuberculosis patients in Shanghai.Methods Totally 447 isolates resistant to anyone of first-line drug (Isoniazid,Rifampicin,Streptomycin and Ethambutol) and 151 randomly selected isolates susceptible to all above drugs were collected from district tuberculosis(TB) hospitals in Shanghai during 2009 to 2010.All 598 isolates were subject to Ofloxacin sensitive test.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors of Ofloxacin resistance.DNA sequencing was applied to study the mutation characteristics in gyrA and gyrB among Ofloxacin resistant isolates.Results Seventy-two(16.1%) of the 447 drug-resistant isolates were found resistant to Ofloxacin,and the Ofloxacin resistant rate among multiple drug-resistant (MDR) isolates was 39.6%(44/111).Ofloxacin resistance was also found in 4(2.6%) of the 151 drug sensitive isolates.Logistic regression analysis showed that first-line drug-resistance MDR(resistant to at least rifampin and isoniazid) and poly-drug resistance(resistance to two or more first-line drugs but not MDR) had significant effect on Ofloxacin resistance(OR = 19.5、5.6,95% CI:6.4 - 59.4、1.7 - 18.1,all P＜ 0.05);re-treatment(OR = 2.3,95 % CI:1.2 -4.0,P＜ 0.05),and a higher age(OR = 1.03,95 % CI:1.0 1 - 1.05,P＜ 0.05)were also significantly associated with Ofloxacin resistance.Resistance mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes were detected in 62 of 76(81.6%) isolates with phenotypic Ofloxacin-resistance. Conclusions The Ofloxacin resistance rate in Shanghai MDR-TB patients is significantly higher than the pan-susceptible TB patients.Risk factors of ofloxacin resistance are MDR,poly-resistant,retreated patients,age.Among them,MDR has the highest strength of association.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of edaravone combined butylphthalide on acute ischemic stroke (AIS)and its safety.Methods:A total of 100 AIS patients treated in our hospital were selected.They were random-ly and equally divided into butylphthalide group and combined treatment group(received edaravone combined bu-tylphthalide).Both groups received routine treatment for five weeks all.Serum inflammatory cytokine levels,miR-222 expression and change of neurologic impairment before and after treatment,and therapeutic effect and inci-dence of complications after treatment were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with before treat-ment,after treatment,there were significant reductions in levels of high sensitive C reactive protein(hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)and interleukin 8(IL-8)and neurologic impairment score(NIS),and significant rise in miR-222 expression in two groups,P=0.001 all;compared with butylphthalide group after treatment,there were significant reductions in levels of hsCRP[(13.12 ± 2.56)mg/L vs.(10.02 ± 3.02)mg/L],TNF-α[(16.12 ± 4.18)μmol/L vs.(13.78 ± 3.24)μmol/L]and IL-8[(19.45 ± 5.98)μmol/L vs.(15.12 ± 3.29)μmol/L]and NIS [(19.12 ± 4.02)scores vs.(13.45 ± 3.17)scores],and significant rise in miR-222 expression[(1.21 ± 0.34)10-3 vs.(1.89 ± 0.41)10-3]in combined treatment group,P< 0.01 all.Total effective rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group(96.00% vs.70.00%,P=0.001).No obvious adverse reactions were identified in either group.Conclusion:Edaravone combined butylphthalide possesses signifi-cant therapeutic effect on patients with acute ischemic stroke.It can effectively reduce levels of inflammatory fac-tors and improve neurologic function with satisfying safety.

Objective To understand the dietary nutrients among rural stranded children.Methods 2551 children aged 2 to 7, including 1278 stranded children in the rural areas and another 1273 children served as controls were selected, using multistage stratified cluster random sampling. Dietary survey was performed with three-day weighing dietary method and questionnaire on food intake. Data on diet were analyzed and evaluated by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) recommend by Chinese Nutrition Society, to evaluate the levels on energy and nutrient intake among stranded children in the rural areas. Results The dietary pattern among rural stranded children mainly consisted of grains and vegetables, but the intakes of animal products, fruits, and snacks were significantly less than in the control group. The intakes of three major energy-producing nutrients were below the recommend nutrient intake. Minerals as calcium, zinc, selenium, kalium and vitamins as vitamin A, B1, B2were insufficient.Most of the rural stranded children took nutrients insufficiently, with 50% lack of adequate energy and 80% of protein, 90% of minerals (calcium, zinc etc.) and vitamins (vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 etc.).Sources from high quality protein was insufficient, only consisting 35% of the total protein, but overabundant (over 64 % ) from the plants. The intake of plant-sourced iron was overabundant, accounted for 87%. Conclusion The dietary pattern was unsatisfactory with insufficient intake of energy-sourced proteins and some nutrients. The sources of energy, protein, and iron were mostly obtained from underbalaneed foods. It is necessary to improve the dietary nutrients status among rural stranded children aged 2-7 years.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the risk factors for hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in children with β-thalassemia major (TM) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 247 children with TM who underwent allo-HSCT at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2021 to November 2022. The children were divided into an HC group (91 cases) and a non-HC group (156 cases) based on whether HC occurred after operation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for HC, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of related factors for HC. RESULTS: Among the 247 TM patients who underwent allo-HSCT, the incidence of HC was 36.8% (91/247). Univariate analysis showed age, incompatible blood types between donors and recipients, occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), positive urine BK virus deoxyribonucleic acid (BKV-DNA), and ≥2 viral infections were associated with the development of HC after allo-HSCT (P<0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that incompatible blood types between donors and recipients (OR=3.171, 95%CI: 1.538-6.539), occurrence of aGVHD (OR=2.581, 95%CI: 1.125-5.918), and positive urine BKV-DNA (OR=21.878, 95%CI: 9.633-49.687) were independent risk factors for HC in children with TM who underwent allo-HSCT. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that positive urine BKV-DNA alone or in combination with two other risk factors (occurrence of aGVHD, incompatible blood types between donors and recipients) had a certain accuracy in predicting the development of HC after allo-HSCT (area under the curve >0.8, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Incompatible blood types between donors and recipients, occurrence of aGVHD, and positive urine BKV-DNA are risk factors for HC after allo-HSCT in children with TM. Regular monitoring of urine BKV-DNA has a positive significance for early diagnosis and treatment of HC.
Humans ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; beta-Thalassemia/therapy* ; Cystitis/epidemiology* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors ; Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Graft vs Host Disease/complications* ; DNA ; Polyomavirus Infections/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate quality of surveillance and emendate rates of birth and death of population of the Three Gorges area.

METHODSData on the two samples collected were designed based on principle of capture-recapture method. An investigation of missing report of birth and death was conducted in 7061 families selected through stratified random sampling method. We collected and registered the data of birth and death in every family investigated and checked with correlative records reported in disease surveillance system of the Three Gorges area. The missing report rates and the 95% confidence intervals of birth rate and death rate were calculated.

RESULTSThe underreporting rates of birth and death were 13.91% and 15.60% and death of infant was 33.33%. The emended birth rate was 8.92 per thousandth and the 95% confidence interval of birth rate was 8.38 per thousandth-9.45 per thousandth. The emended report rate of death was 6.88 per thousandth and the collectivity 95% confidence interval was 6.37%-7.38 per thousandth.

CONCLUSIONResults showed that the quality of birth and death in the disease surveillance reporting system of Three Gorges area was competent to the quality level of the standard set for national disease surveillance system. The birth and death rates of population in the Three Gorges area were under 10.00 per thousandth.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Birth Rate ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Population Surveillance ; methods

OBJECTIVEDry powder inhalers (DPIs) are increasingly being used to deliver drugs for the treatment of asthma. It is known that DPIs require a crucial minimal inspiratory flow. Previous studies have demonstrated that the peak inspiratory flow (PIF, L/min) through a DPI is dependent on the type of device, the age of the patient, and the level of bronchial obstruction. However, the peak inspiratory flow of healthy preschool children in China remains scant in the literature. The present study aimed to analyze the ability of inspiring flow through the resistance state of ordinary use inhaler in Shenzhen healthy preschool children by measuring the peak inspiratory flow through the different analogue dry powder inhalers and go further into the relationship between it and the age, weight and forced expiratory volume of the children.

METHODA survey in 370 healthy preschool children aged 3 to 6 years (75 children aged 3 years, 104 children aged 4 years, 100 children aged 5 years and 91 children aged 6 years) was carried out in Shenzhen. Peak inspiratory flow (PIF) was measured without and with resistances, which mimicked the internal resistances of several inhalers, Diskus, Turbuhaler, Autohaler, Surehaler by PIF meter (In-check DIAL) and then data PIF-N, PIF-D, PIF-T, PIF-A and PIF-S were obtained. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by PEF meter (MicroPeak, USA). These two measurements were made in a well-controlled setting, and at least three attempts were recorded to establish maximum achievement. Six spirometry parameters forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 0.5 second (FEV 0.5), forced expiratory volume at 0.75 second (FEV 0.75), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), maximal mid expiratory flow rate (FEF 25 - 75, PEF were measured by using COSMED spirometry of Italy and the FVC measurements should be around the quality control for spirometry in preschool children which we suggested and published in 2005. All data were expressed as mean +/- SD and analyzed with the statistical software SPSS 12.0 for Windows. Pearson's test was used for calculation of the significances of the correlation coefficients. Variance analysis was used for analysing the variability of inspiratory flows through the inhalers.

RESULTSResults were obtained from 295 children aged 3 - 6 years who successfully finished the tests. The PIF-N, PIF-D, PIF-T, PIF-A and PIF-S were significantly different among the groups aged 3 yrs, 4 yrs, 5 yrs and 6 yrs. The peak inspiratory flow significantly increased with age. The PIF-N, PIF-D, PIF-T, PIF-A and PIF-S in the children of 110 cm height and above were significantly higher than those in the children below 110 cm height, so were the parameters between the children of 120 cm height and above and the children below 120 cm. PIF correlated significantly with age, height and weight and the Pearson coefficient was 0.3 - 0.5. The PIFs in different inhalers varied because of the different inner resistances. The minimum and optimum PIFs in resistances of Diskus, Autohaler and Surehaler could be achieved in almost all subjects, but those in resistances of Turbuhaler could be achieved in only 87.5% subjects, most of whom aged 3 yrs or below 100 cm height. There were good correlations between the PIFs in different resistances and main parameters of ventilation function (FVC, FEV 0.5, FEV 0.75, FEV1, FEF 25 - 75, PEF), PEF was the best among them (Pearson correlative coefficient was 0.6).

CONCLUSIONThe inspiratory ability of the children can be predicted and assessed by using routine measurement of lung function of normal pre-school children. As to the pre-school children of varying ages, the variety of inspiratory ability should be considered completely in the selection of inhaler used during the treatment. The best inhaler suitable for them should be selected properly in order to obtain the best efficacy of treatment individually.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Inspiratory Capacity ; Male ; Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate ; Metered Dose Inhalers