Objective: To investigate the cognitive impairment features in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI) and vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia(VCI-ND).Methods:Sixteen normal elders,10 patients with aMCI and 12 patients with VCI-ND were recruited.The normal elders were selected from communities in Shanghai,while the aMCI and VCI-ND patients were selected from outpatient clinic.All participants ranged in age of 50～80 years,with education level of junior middle school or above,and they completed cranial CT or MRI and a series of neuropsychological tests.Results:In the three memory tests,aMCI group performed worst.The scores of both aMCI and VCI-ND groups were lower than that of the normal elders.For example,the delayed recall scores of the Rey-Osterrich complex figure test in the three groups were(18.8?9.5)(normal),(5.6?5.6)(aMCI) and(9.6?7.0)(VCI-ND)(P

Visfatin was recently reported as an adipokine and was found to exert insulin-mimicking effects.The results showed that the expression of visfatin parallelled with obesity and insulin resistance in long term high fat chow-fed rats.The expression of visfatin mRNA was decreased and the insulin resistance improved after rennin-angiotensin system was blocked.Visfatin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.

Objective To investigate the role of NF-κB activation in the inflammatory mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Monocyte were collected from patients with COPD and were cultured,and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ; NF-κB p65 activation was measured by immunohistochemistry; SOD ,MDA and IL-8 and lung function were determined synchronously.Results The NF-κB p65 was induced by LPS in monocyte in all subjects, but it was most markedly done in COPD patients with exacerbateions; There was positive correlation between the NF-κB p65 activation of monocytes and levels of IL-8 and MDA in circulation, but it was negative correlation to SOD.Conclusion NF-κB plays a vital role in regulating product of IL-8 in monocyte in COPD.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate, high risk factors and hemodynamic changes of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants, and to give suggestions abo ut clinical monitoring and management of PDA in premature infants. Methods Echocardiography was performed on 86 non-ventilated or weaned from ventilator-pr emature infants at 2 to 5 days of age,whose gestational age was 28 to 36 weeks. All premature infants diagnosed as PDA were followed up clinically and by Echoc ardiography until discharged. Results Twenty-two infants diagnosed as PDA at mean 3 days of age, mean gestational age was (33.l?2.0) weeks. Ductus in 16 infants (out of 20 infants) closed spontaneo usly when repeated echocardiography at mean 8.5 days of age. For 4 remaining PDA infants, ductus closed in 2 cases (l treated with indomethacin). One ductus reo pened because of sepsis, and 3 infants discharged with opened ductus at their 2l , 40 and 47 days of age respectively. Single and multiple Logistic analysis indi cated that the lower the birth-weight ,the higher the incidence of PDA (?2=2. 8907 P=0.0891); neonatal asphyxia and suffered from severe diseases (neonat al respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis) were high risk factors of PDA (?2= 4.3729 P=0.0365;?2=11.6590 P=0.0006). Premature infants with PDA h ad good heart function,although their LA/AO ratio increased slightly (1.0810?0. 18 vs 1.00?0.07,P= 0.048).Conclusions PDA incidence at 3 days of life in 33 weeks premature infants is 25.6%, 85% PDA disappeares spontaneously during follow-up. Low birth-weight asphyxia, severe diseases and symptomatic PDA are high risk factors of PDA. Ductus can reopen in premature infants. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2005,20(2):129-131

Objective To discuss the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma.Methods The clinic data of traumatic delayed intracranial hematoma patients in this hospital were retro- spectively analyzed.According to clinic observation and CT re-examination,47 cases were diagnosed as delayed trau- matic intracranial hematoma(45 cases by operative treatment,and the other 2 by conservative treatment).Results There were 21 cases of recovery,10 cases of slight disability,8 cases of severe disability,8 cases of death.The total mortality rate was 17 %.Conclusion Brain contusion,subarachnoid hemorrhage and skull base fracture were impor- tant factors of DTICH.Fine-observation and prompt CT re-examination offered excellent results for DTICH.

OBJECTIVETo observe short-term therapeutic effect and safety of Bo's abdominal acupuncture for treatment of chronic urticaria.

METHODSSixty-one cases of chronic urticaria were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 31) and a control group (n = 30). They were treated respectively with Bo's abdominal acupuncture and cetirizine. Their therapeutic effects were compared.

RESULTSThe effective rate was 80.7% in the observation group and 76.7% in the control group with no significant difference, but no adverse effect was found in the observation group, and the adverse effects such as sleepiness, headache, thirsty and so on were found in the control group.

CONCLUSIONBo's abdominal acupuncture has a short-term therapeutic effect similar to cetirizine on chronic urticaria, and has no adverse effect of anti-histamine agents, being more safe.

Many bioactive peptides from neural and endocrine tissue are amidated at C-terminals,which is essential for their activities.The ?-amide comes from post-translational modification that is catalyzed by ?-AE (?-amidating enzyme) or PAM (pepdilylglycine ?-amidating monooxygenase).The gene encoding ?-AE was amplified with PCR and cloned into the plasmid pET-30a.After the recombinant plasmid pET-A was transformed into E.coli BL21,the ?-AE was expressed and purified by the Ni2+affinity chromatography,which has the ability catalyzing Dns-Tyr-Val-Gly to Dns-Tyr-Val-NH2.It identified that the recombinant protein producing by E.coli BL21 is ?-AE,which will benefit for studies of amidation at the C-terminals of peptides.

KK-Ay mice with type 2 diabetes were divided into metformin plus high-fat diet,metformin plus low-fat diet,high fat diet alone and low fat diet alone groups.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)activity was measured in skeletal muscle.The results showed that metformin and low-fat diet were able to increase AMPK activity.However,no additive effect on AMPK activity by metformin and low-fat diet was found.

Objective To investigate the features of chronic prostatitis during puberty(CPP)and the effects of pelvic floor biofeedback therapy.Methods Totally,25 CPP children (mean age,16 years) and 15 children (mean age,16 years) with normal lower urinary tract as controls were included.In CPP group,NIH-CPSI scores were evaluated,expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) were examined,and bacterial culture was done;and CPP patients were categorized based on the definitions of NIH types.In both groups, urodynamic examination was performed,including evaluation of uroflow curve,maximum flow rate (Q_(max)), post-voiding residual urine (PVR),detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD),maximum detrusor pressure (P_(det,max))and maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP).CPP patients underwent biofeedback therapy, and 10 weeks later the effects were assessed.Results In CPP group,NIH typing showedⅡ,ⅢA andⅢB in 1,3 and 21 cases,respectively.Before treatment in CPP and control groups,the incidence of staccato voiding (20 cases vs 1 case),DSD (22 cases vs 1 case),Q_(max)(10.7?3.7 vs 15.0?4.3ml/s),PVR (7.7?4.1vs 3.2?2.6ml),P_(det,max)(115.1?33.6vs 76.8?16.6cm H_2O)and MUCP(176.5?45.7 vs 86.2?28.5cm H_2O)all showed significant differences between the 2 groups(P＜0.05).In CPP group,the differences in pain(4.6?2.2 vs 2.1?1.6),urination (7.9?2.0vs 2.2?1.7),life impact (9.4?2.2vs 2.6?2.1)and total scores(22.0?5.2vs 7.0?4.2) of NIH-CPSI and Q_(max)(10.7?3.7 vs 14.9?5.6) between pre-and post-biofeedback were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusions The main type of CPP is categoryⅢB.The primary symptom is voiding disorder,which leads to greater psychological stress in patients.Children with CPP have pelvic floor dysfunctions and multiple abnormal urodynamic param- eters.The short-term effect of biofeedback strategies for CPP is satisfactory.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of multiple stents placement in the management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,especially in the complex cases of which the hepatic ducts are invaded.Methods Forty-five consecutive patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were treated with percutaneous transhepatic placement of two or three self-expandable metallic endoprostheses.The cause of hilar obstructions in these patients were all cholangiocarcinoma,including Bismuth classification type Ⅱ(n 12 ),Ⅲa(n 17),Ⅲb(n 10),and Ⅳ(n 6).Two or 3 stents were placed in the configuration of T,Y or X over the strictures.Results Stent placement with 2 or 3 endoprostheses was successful in all patients.All patients showed significant decrease in serum bilirubin level.The mortality rate within 30 days of stent placement was 2.2%(1/45).The mean survival and stent patency times were 215.3 d(26— 516 d)and 181.5 d(26—473 d),respectively.Conclusion Deploying of multiple metallic stents is an effective method to treat complex hilar cholangiocarcinoma,especially for the cases of which hepatic ducts are invaded:the henatic ducts should be drained as much as nossible.