The problems in teaching infectious disease were discussed .The measures should be taken to improve the teaching quality from the varies of aspects, such as the aim and the model of the teaching, the arrangement of curricula, the cultivation of the clinical ability, and the method of examination and the application of multi-media materials.

Objective:To investigate the impact of recombinant flagellin targeting TLR5 and NLRC4 simultaneously or respectively on innate immune cells in mice. Methods: Induction,expression,purification and identification of recombiant FliC,which were FliC(activating both TLR5 and NLRC4);FliCΔ90-97(unable to activate TLR5),FliC-L3A(unable to activate NLRC4),FliCΔ90-97:L3A(unable to activate both TLR5 and NLRC4). The mice were divided into five groups,namely group FliC,FliC-L3A,FliCΔ90-97,FliCΔ90-97:L3A and PBS,which were injected with 100μl PBS or 10μg recombinant flagellin intraperitoneally,three mice in each group. 12 h later,the mice were executed using dislocation of cervical vertebra and the splenic and peritoneal cells were isolated. The spleen was grinded into single-cell suspension. The proportion of neutrophils,NK cells,DCs and the expression level of CD80 and CD86 on DCs were evaluated with flow cytometry. Results:Group FliC,group FliC-L3A and group FliCΔ90-97 shared the similar proportion of neutrophils in peritoneal cavity ( P>0. 05 ) , and all of which were significantly higher than group PBS and group FliCΔ90-97 ( P<0. 01),and NK cells also showed the similar trend. Compared with group FliCΔ90-97 and FliCΔ90-97:L3A,the mean fluorescence intensities(MFIs) of CD80 and CD86 in group FliC and FliC-L3A increased significantly(P<0. 01). The proportion of Treg in spleen was highest among all groups. Conclusion:Activation of TLR5 and NLRC4 had similar chemotaxis of neutrophils and NK cells. The ex-pression of CD80 and CD86 on DCs were upregulated after stimulation by flagellin and TLR5-dependent. Activation of TLR5,but not NLRC4,increased the proportion of Treg in spleen.

Objective To evaluate the effect and adverse drug reaction of Boulardii yeast combined with triple and quadruple therapy on eradication helicobacter pylori (H.pylori).Methods240 cases of peptic ulcer patients of H.pylori positive were selected in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015, according to different treatment were divided into the triple threapy group(n=60), the triple therapy union group (n=60), the quadruple therapy group (n=60) and the quadruple therapy union group (n=60).The triple threapy group were given clarithromycin and amoxicillin and pantoraazole;on the basis of this, the triple therapy union group were given Boulardiiyeast.the quadruple therapy group were given clarithromycin and amoxicillin and pantoraazole and CBS capsule, on the basis of this, the quadruple therapy union group were given Boulardiiyeast.The four groups were treated continuously for 14 days.14C-UBT, H.pylori eradication rate and adverse drug reaction in the four groups were evaluated five weeks after treatment.ResultsCompared with the triple threapy group and the quadruple therapy group, H.pylori eradication rate in the triple therapy union group(91.2%) and the quadruple therapy union group(94.7%) were improved obviously, and the adverse drug reactions (31.6%、29.8%) decreased significantly, the cumulative recurrence rate of H.pylori were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05).ConclusionBoulardii yeast combined with triple and quadruple therapy can obviously increase the H.pylori eradication rate, reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions and the risk of recurrence.The reasonable treatment plan should be selected according to the actual situation.

Based on target cycling amplification and 3 ,4 ,9 ,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivative functionalized singal probe, an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence ( ECL) sensor was designed for the detection of lead ions. The hairpin substrate DNA was immobilized on the electrode through molecular self-assembly. In the presence of Pb2+and DNAzyme, the substrate was cleaved with single strand DNA fragments left on the electrode surface. Meanwhile, the target and DNAzyme was released for another cleaving circularly. As a result, the single strand DNA fragments hybridized with the assist hairpin probe H1, which leaded to the fabrication of H2 labeled with the 3 , 4 , 9 , 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivative functionalized hollow gold nanoparticles. With the increasing concentration of Pb2+, much more signal probe was been captured and the ECL signal of the biosensor in peroxydisulfate ( S2 O2-8 ) solution would increase. An ECL assay demonstrates that the sensor has a good linear response to Pb2+ concentration in the range of 1í10-12 mol/L-1í10-6 mol/L, with a detection limit of 1í10-12 mol/L. The fabricated sensor shows good selectivity toward Pb2+against other common metal ions.

AIM: To establish the method of determining psoralen and isopsoralen in Bushen Yinao Capsules(Fructus Psoraleae,Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng Rubra,Poria,etc.). METHODS: HPLC conditions were as(follows:) Chromasil C_(18) column,a mobile phase of CH_3OH-H_2O(55∶45),and the wavelength at 247 nm. RESULTS: This method showed a good linear relationship in the ranges of 0.038-0.309 ?g(psoralen) and 0.036-0.295 ?g(isopsoralen).The average recoveries were 99.50% for psoralen(RSD was 0.91%,n=5) and 100.52% for isopsoralen(RSD was 1.70%,n=5). CONCLUSION: The method is simple,swift,accurate and practical in quality control of Bushen Yinao Capsules.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Male ; Phenols ; toxicity ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sertoli Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Steroidogenic Factor 1 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcome of very preterm(gestational age ＜ 32 weeks) and very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) (weight ＜ 1 500 g) and to examine the effectiveness of an early intervention program till 12 months corrected age.Methods Seventy followed-up very preterms and VLB-WI in Jinan Maternity and Childcare Hospital were enrolled in this study from January 2012 to and were divided into two groups by birth weight.All infants received 20 items of behavioral neurological assessment at 1 to 12 months corrected age and tested mental and psychomotor development with the use of CDCC at 6,12 months corrected age.The preterms who were abnomal in the 20 items of behavioral neurological assessment would receive early intervention (including kinesitherapy, physiotherapy, cereal circulation therapeutic equipment) by physiotherapists and their parents who received an intervention program training and were strongly encouraged to participate in the intervention sessions.The intervention method was adjusted according to the neurological assessment.The SPSS statistical software package for Windows, version 15.0, was used to run Fisher's exact test and t-test on the data presented,and P value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.Results The average gestational age of infants was (30.4 ± 1.8) weeks,and average birth weight (1 463.7 ± 307.5) g.The incidence of extrauterine growth restriction was 57.1％ at first follow-up.The incidence of neurodevelpmental impairment NDI) and cerebral palsy tendency at 6 corrected months were 14.3％ ,8.6％ respectively.At 12 months corrected age,the incidence of NDI decreased to 2.9％ and cerebral palsy to 2.9％.There was significant difference in the incidence of NDI between 6 and 12 corrected months.There was no significant difference in the incidence of psychomotor developmental index ＜ 70, mental developmental index ＜ 70, NDI and cerebral palsy between the two groups.Conclusion The early intervention program can improve VLBWI neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months' corrected age and reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy.

Objective To study the effects of salt and cooking oil intervention among hypertensive patients on knowledge-attitude-practice. Method Three thousand hypertensive patients from 20 community health service centers in Shenzhen were chosen by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Salt measuring spoons and scaled oil pots were provided during six-month health intervention. Before and after the six-months health intervention, 2 976 and 2 864 valid questionnaires were collected respectively. After intervention, 40 families were randomly selected to perform an investigation of cooking oil and salt weighing during 3 d 24 h. Result Before the intervention, the rates of awareness on the intake of salt and cooking oil were 29.94% and 16.23% respectively. After intervention, the rates increased to 88.58% (P<0.000 1) and 84.29%(P<0.000 1) respectively. The rates of restriction on the intake of salt and cooking oil were 62.97% and 59.07%, respectively, after the intervention, the rates were 97.14% and 96.79% (P<0.000 1), respectively. By using the salt measuring spoons and scaled oil pots, the intake of cooking oil and salt reached the recommended amount in Chinese dietary guideline. Conclusion The implementation of health education combined with appropriate tools could promote the knowledge and behavior of the salt and cooking oil consumption.

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of ketamine on inflammatory cytokines in rabbits with severe burn at early stage and preliminarily approach its regulatory action on early stage of inflammatory reaction due to stress of trauma.Methods Forty healthy male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups in accord with the random number table method: normal control group, scald model group, ketamine analgesia group and ketamine anesthesia group. Before scald, pentobarbital sodium was used for anesthesia, afterwards catheters were inserted into internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery respectively ready for use, and 24 hours later, Ⅲ degree scald at the animal back and buttocks occupying 30% total body surface area (TBSA) was performed as the scald model for all the rabbits except those in normal control group. In ketamine analgesia group, after scald for 0.5 hour, 0.5 mg/kg ketamine intravenous injection was given to the rabbits as the loading dosage and then persistent intravenous pump infusion of 9μg·kg-1·min-1 ketamine was applied for all together 24 hours. In ketamine anesthesia group, after scald for 0.5 hour, 1.5 mg/kg ketamine intravenous injection was given to the rabbits, and then persistent intravenous pump infusion of 45μg·kg-1·min-1 ketamine was applied for 4 hours to maintain systemic anesthesia. In normal control and scald model groups, only intravenous infusion of equal amount of normal saline was given to the rabbits. The amount of intravenous transfusion in each group and the total dosages of ketamine used in ketamine analgesia group and ketamine anesthesia group were recorded. Before scald and 0.5, 6, 12, 24 hours after scald, arterial blood gas analyses were made, and the levels of serum interleukins (IL-1, IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined.Results Although the indexes of blood gas analysis were changed in the four groups, they were all in the normal range, showing that the respiratory function was in the normal range and indirectly reflecting that the circulatory function was also in the normal range, thus the effects on cytokines by factors of respiratory and circulatory functions were ruled out. The levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α before scald showed no statistically significant differencesamong the four groups (allP > 0.05). From 0.5 hour after scald, the levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were markedly higher in model group than those of normal control group [IL-1 (ng/L): 30.27±0.93 vs. 13.79±1.11, IL-6 (ng/L): 47.22±1.49 vs. 46.31±4.12, TNF-α (ng/L): 243.39±20.85 vs. 190.95±14.97, allP < 0.05], and the situation continued until 24 hours after scald; the levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α from 6 hours after scald were significantly decreased in ketamine analgesia and ketamine anesthesia groups compared with those in the model group, and from 12 hours after scald, the degrees of descent in levels of the above indexes in ketamine analgesia group were more obvious than those in ketamine anesthesia group [IL-1 (ng/L): 19.28±2.51 vs. 40.12±10.31, IL-6 (ng/L): 52.10±4.23 vs. 72.20±10.11, TNF-α (ng/L): 246.03±20.74 vs. 313.71±27.34, allP < 0.05].Conclusion The low-dose ketamine analgesia and ketamine anesthesia have certain degree of inhibitory effect on the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines at the early stage in rabbits with severe burn, the effect of long-term low-dose ketamine analgesia being more significant.

BACKGROUND: Peritonitis is the common detective complications at the end-stage of renal failure patients during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment, which easily repeatedly occurred if not handled properly. Although the plumbing designs of peritoneal dialysis have done a lot of effort and improved in recent years, it still hard to avoid. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relative factors and treatments of infectious peritonitis complicated with CAPD. METHODS: Totally 115 cases received CAPD were selected, including 55 males and 60 females, aged (56.2?.7) years. 68 cases of which were suffered infectious peritonitis, aged (58.5?.3) years. All received a (30.3?.5)-month CAPD treatment. The relative factors such as the nutrition situation, whether complicated with diabetes mellitus or not, culture background, domestic environment, whether operating by special person and so on were investigated, and the relationship between those factors and infectious peritonitis were analyzed. The pathogen method was used to check pathogenic bacteria, and those patients were treated with irrigation of abdominal cavity and antibiotics in two ways, that is, systemic and intra-abdominalcavity. Hemodialysis instead of CAPD was used in those infectious peritonitis patients.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Those patients with good nutrition situation, higher culture background, better domestic environment, and operating by special person had low chances to infect peritonitis. And those patients with diabetes mellitus had high chances to infect peritonitis. Treatments of abdominal cavity and anti-infection in two ways-systemic and intra-abdominal cavities were effective to those infectious peritonitis patients. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common pathogen, which were susceptive to vancomycin and cefazolin. If the pathogen was gram-negative bacteria, etimicin sulfate, amikacin, and imipenem cilastatin could be selected. Infectious peritonitis complicated with CAPD affected by many factors. CAPD patients should be provided better nutrition and domestic situation. Also patients should operate in aseptic ways. Doctors should choose proper patients who can operate CAPD right.