Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

With wide applications of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques,as well as immu-nosuppressors clinically,the morbidity of invasive pulmonary fungal infections( IPFIs)in children were in-creasing considerably and becoming one of the important diseases threat to life. The mortality of IPFIs in chil-dren would be reduced and the prognosis would be improved significantly with early diagnosis and treatment in-time. Radiological examinations were the basal component of the clinical evidences for diagnosing IPFIs. The main presentations include pulmonary nodules,some with“halo sign”in invasive pulmonary aspergillo-sis and pulmonary candidiasis,lobular consolidations and a little pleural effusion. Although there was no spe-cific findings radiologically,they would provide the proofs and clues for diagnosis of IPFIs combining with the data of clinics and laboratory.

Objective To investigate the value of prenatal ultrasound in diagnosing fetal persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) and structural malformations.Methods From April 2007 to August 2011,38 827 pregnant women in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University accepted ultrasound examination,among which 109 fetuses were found PRUV.The relation between PRUV and other structural abnormalities was retrospectively analyzed.Results The incidence of PRUV was 0.28％ (109/38 827) including 100 singletons and 9 twins.Among the 109 cases of PRUV confirmed by the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis,95 cases did not complicate with fetal structural abnormality (90 singletons,5 twins),and had normal deliveries with healthy infants.Four infants were tested for their chromosomes and got normal results.The rest 14 fetuses with PRUV suffered from fetal structural abnormality (12.8％,14/109),among which,10 fetus (71.4％,10/14) suffered from cardiovascular abnormality such as endocrinal cushion defeats,double outlet right ventricle,single atrium and single ventricle.Nine pregnant women accepted artificial terminations.Only one of the 14 fetuses had chromosome test and got normal result.Conclusions Once PRUV was diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound,it is suggested to check the fetus carefully,especially the cardiovascular system.

Objective To study the advances in research of breast cancer during pregnancy. Methods The literatures in recent years were reviewed. Results A lot of evidences suggested that the diagnosis may be delayed easily. The diagnosis was primarily made by needle aspiration cytology and biopsy. The treatment of pregnant breast cancer was not different from ordinary breast cancer, however the factor of foetus should be taken into account. Termination of pregnancy did not improve survival.Conclusion Pregnant breast cancer is mostly at later stage at the time of diagnosis and has poorer prognosis than ordinary breast cancer. The patients with breast cancer during pregnancy usually have an equivalent survival rate when compared with age and stage-matched ordinary group. Future pregnancy may be allowed after two years of treatment in patients with early breast cancer.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

The inhibition of pulmonary metastasis by inhalation of aerosolized recombinant 1L-2 (rIL-2) in BCG-primed mice is reported in this paper . (TA2 x 615) Fl mice were given ip BCG twice in two-week apart.Right after the second BCG injection, MA891 cells, a murine mammary adenocarcinoma of TA2 origin, were injected into the tail vein.Treatment with aerosolized rIL -2 by inhalation was given for 1 hr, 3 times a day and lasted for 14 days. After sacrifice, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and the lavage fluid was examined for nitric oxide content. The number of tumor nodules on the lung surface was recorded as a measure of the extent of pulmonary metastasis. The results showed that in mice so treated, pulmonary metastasis was very significantly inhibited. When rIL-2 treatment was given in BCG-unprimed mice, inhibition of pulmonary metastasis was also observed albeit to a much lesser extent. Significant inhibition of lung metastasis was associated with significant increase in nitric oxide content in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, when nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG monomethyl-L-arginine (7mg/kg) was given ip shortly before each inhalation of rIL-2, accompanied with a significant reduction of nitric oxide in the lavage fluid, the inhibitory effect of rIL-2 in both BCG-primed and -unprimed mice was almost completely abrogated. Taken together, the results clearly indicate that pulmonary metastasis can be effectively treated by the induction of endogenous release of nitric oxide from activated alveolar macrophages.

Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; Smell ; Trigeminal Nerve

AIM: To explore the role of endogenous ouabain (EO) in the development of hypertension and its secretion character in 1k1c hypertensive rats(HR). METHODS: EO contents of plasma and tissues in 1k1c HR were detected by ELISA. The relationships between plasma and tissues ouabain and blood pressure were analyzed. RESULTS: EO contents of plasma, heart, kidney, adrenal gland, pituitary and hypothalamus in lklc HR were significantly higher than those of normal rats, especially in the adrenal gland and hypothalamus. EO contents of serum, kidney and hypothalamus were correlated with blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: EO might play an important role in the development of hypertension in 1k1c hypertensive rats. Adrenal gland might be the major source of EO.

Objective To evaluate the significance of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) culture in diagnosis and treatment of childhood bacterial meningitis(BM).Methods Clinical data were collected and the etiology,laboratory results,treatment and disease prognosis were analyzed in children with positive CSF culture during Jan 2011 to Dec 2012 in our hospital.Results A total of 43 organisms were detected from CSF,13 cases of which were clearly diagnosed as BM.The coagulase negative staphylococcus was isolated most frequently (51.2％,22/43),meanwhile,CSF routine examination and biochemical test were abnormal in only 1 case.All results of blood cultures were negative.All cases were cured without changing antibiotics according to the drug sensitive test.Four strains of Streptococcus agalactiae,2 strains of Streptococcus pneumohiae and 4 strains of gram-negative bacilli were separated.Routine examinations of all CSF were abnormal in most cases,the CSF biochemical tests were abnormal and blood cultures were positive.Conclusion Coagulase negative staphylococcus separated in most CSF is contaminated bacteria.Streptococcus agalactiae,Streptococcus pneumoniae and gram-negative bacilli separated in CSF have important diagnostic value in BM.Diagnosis of BM should be combined with CSF culture,routine examination,biochemical test,blood culture results and clinical manifestations,then we can avoid unnecessary usage of antibiotics.

Purpose To study the expression of Ki-67 in breast cancer with different molecular classification, and to discuss the rela-tionship between the expression of Ki-67 and clinical pathological features in breast cancer. Methods All 245 patients with breast cancer were divided into different molecular classification through detecting the expression of ER, PR, HER-2 by immunohistochemical method. The expression of Ki-67 was also detected, and to study relationship between the expression and clinical pathological features. Results The difference of Ki-67 index was statistically significant in different molecular classification of breast cancer. Ki-67 index in patients with lymph node metastasis and larger tumor size were higher than that with no metastasis and smaller tumor size. Ki-67 index in patients with ER and PR positive were lower than that negative, the difference was statistically significant. Ki-67 expression differ-ence was not statistically significant between the two groups according to the median age (50 years old). But when patients were divid-ed into young and elderly groups by≤40 and≥60 years old, Ki-67 index in young group was more higher than that in elderly group. Conclusion Ki-67 index in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, young age, lymph node metastasis, larger tumor size and ER and PR negative were higher. Ki-67 can be used as an important indicator to determine breast cancer prognosis.