Objective Tamarix ramosissima is the host plant of Cistanche tubulosa. The chemical cons-tituents of T. ramosissima were studied in order to improve the development of culture base of C. tubulosa and look for the base for exploitation of T. ramossisma. Methods Various chromatographic techniques were employed for the isolation and purification of the constituents including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. The structures of compounds were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses (IR, UV, NMR, and MS). Results Twelve compounds have been isolated from the tender wattle of T. ramosissima, their structures were elucidated as aleuritolic acid (D-friedoolean-14-en-3-ol-28-oic acid, Ⅰ), aleuritolonic acid (D-friedoolean-14-en-3-one-28-oic acid, Ⅱ), rhamnocitrin (Ⅲ), ellagic acid-3, 3′-dimethyl ether (Ⅳ), rhamnetin (Ⅴ), kaemferol (Ⅵ), isoferulic acid (Ⅶ), aromadendrin (Ⅷ), (2?,3?)-dihydrorhamnetin (Ⅸ), quercetin (Ⅹ), 7, 4′-dimethoxykaemferol (Ⅺ), 3-methoxykaemferol (ⅩⅡ). Conclusion Among these compounds, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅷ, Ⅸ, and ⅩⅡ are isolated from the plants of Tamarix L. for the first time.

Problems which should be emphasized in pediatric anesthesiology teaching were expounded based on anesthesia teaching practice and requirements of the cultivation 21 century anesthesia professionals.This paper emphasized the special anatomical,physiological and pharmacological characteristics of children,preoperative preparation,building of moral and legal concept and self-learning ability.

Objective To discuss the techniques and significance of neuroendoscopic treatment for symptomatic septum pellucidum cysts. Methods A total of 12 patients with symptomatic septum pellucidum cysts were given a cyst-lateral ventricle ventriculostomy via a transcallosal and transventricular approach by using a neuroendoscope 4.0 mm in external diameter(Storz,Germany).Headache,epilepsy,and mental symptoms were prominent clinical manifestations.Two patients were complicated with hydrocephalus. Results Improvement of symptoms was achieved postoperatively in all the 12 patients.Out of 6 patients with a major sign of intracranial hypertension,symptoms completely disappeared in 4 patients and improved in 2 patients.Four patients with epilepsy attacks had no recurrence.A follow-up was made in 12 patients for 6~24 months(mean,18 months).Re-examinations of CT or MRI showed the cysts had decreased in size by 90% in 2 patients.The lesions completely disappeared in 2 patients with hydrocephalus. Conclusions Neuroendoscopic cyst-lateral ventricle ventriculostomy for septum pellucidum cysts is a safe,effective,and minimally invasive operation.

1?g/ml)could inhibit osteoblasts to grow and proliferate, and showed cytotoxic activity. Conclusion aFGF possesses the effect of triggering osteoblasts to grow and proliferate, and its effective concentration is 10-100 ng/ml.

Objective To investigate the role of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in the process of cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin(DOX).Methods Twenty SD rats were divided into two groups:DOX group(10 rats that were injected through caudal vein with 2.5 mg/kg DOX,once a week,for 6 weeks)and control group(10 rats).At 5th week after the end of DOX injection,the structural changes and functional damage were examined,and the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes and the expression levels of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 were determined.Results Eleven weeks after the DOX injection,the myocardial pathological changes were mainly myofibrillar loss and cytoplasmic vacuolization.DOX could induce compensated heart function(the value of FS% was 34,P0.05)and Bax to 338%(P

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on the learning and memory function in neonatal rats under hypoxic conditions. Methods Eighty-four 7-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 14 each): propofol + 18% oxygen (propofol-hypoxia, group PH), propofol + air (group PA), propofol +100% oxygen (propofol-oxygen, group PO), 0.9% normal saline (NS) + 18% oxygen (group CH), NS + air (group CA), NS + 100% oxygen (group CO). The rats received injection of intraperitoneal propofol 50 mg/kg or NS 5.0 ml/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days and they were exposed to 18% oxygen, air or 100% oxygen at the end of each injection. SaO2 and respiratory rate (RR) were monitored and recorded after administration. The rats were returned to the cage after recovery of the righting reflex. Six rats in each group were sacrificed 24 h after the 7th injection, and the brain tissues were taken to observe the apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. Morris water maze test was used to test the learning and memory function 2 weeks after administration in the other rats. Results RR was significantly lower and the escape latency at T1.2 longer in group PO than in group CO (P ＜ 0.05). RR and SaO2 were significantly decreased, apoptotic index was increased, the escape latency was prolonged and the frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced in group PA compared with group CA, and in group PH compared with group CH (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group PO, SaO2 was significantly decreased, apoptotic index was increased, the escape latency was prolonged and the frequency of crosing the original platform was reduced in group PA (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Propofol induces apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and decreases the learning and memory function in neonatal rats under hypoxic conditions.

This study examined the effects of exercise on behavior and peripheral blood leukocyte apoptosis in a rat model of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Thirty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally randomized into 3 groups: the control group, CFS model group and the exercise group in terms of body weight. A total of 25 rats entered the final statistical analysis due to 11 deaths during the study. CFS model was established by subjecting the rats in CFS model group and exercise group to electric shock, chronic restraint stress and cold water swim. Besides, rats in the exercise group took running wheel exercise. After a week of conditioning feeding, model construction and running wheel exercise were performed simultaneously, and lasted for 23 consecutive days. The behavior experiments, including running wheel exercise, open-field test, tail suspension test and Morris water maze test, were conducted, either before or after the model establishment. Rats were sacrificed and peripheral blood was obtained for the assessment of lymphocyte apoptosis index by flow cytometry (FCM). It was found that as compared with those in the control group, the weight of the rats was decreased obviously (P<0.01), the mobility time in the open-field and the tail suspension tests was shortened significantly (P<0.01), the time to locate the platform was enhanced (P<0.01) and the cell apoptosis index was increased substantially (P<0.01) in the CSF model group. Meanwhile, in comparison to the model group, the behavior in the open-field and the tail suspension tests was improved significantly (P<0.05), and the apoptosis index decreased remarkably (P<0.01) in the exercise group. It is concluded that sport intervention can prevent lymphocyte apoptosis and improve animal behavior rather than the memory.

BACKGROUND:Because of its advantages, Endobutton has been widely used in clinic. Currently, its shortcomings are increasingly recognized. Tightrope that overcomes the shortcomings of Endobutton has been gradualy accepted by a doctor skiled in sports injuries.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the differences in the effects of Tightrope and Endobutton in the reconstruction of the cruciate ligament.
METHODS:Totaly 60 cases of anterior cruciate ligament rupture were selected and subjected to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under arthroscopy, of which 30 cases were randomly assigned to reconstruction by Endobutton device and 30 cases underwent reconstruction by Tightrope device. Al operations were performed by the same surgeon. Al patients were subjected to regular functional exercise and were folowed up regularly after operation. Effects of Tightrope and Endobutton in the cruciate ligament reconstruction were evaluated by comparing various indexes in the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared to the Endobutton fixation system, the Tightrope fixation system could shorten the operation time, reduce the length of tendon incision, and decrease the loss of bone mass in the femoral bone tunnel. There were no significant differences in the maximum knee flexion, knee joint score and Tegner movement level score between the two groups at 3 and 6 months after operation. These findings indicate that the Tightrope fixation system is superior to the Endobutton fixation system, because it is more simple and convenient to operate and has less bone loss. However, their clinical efficacy has no difference after 6 months.

Objective To assess the clinical value of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) together with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and sorafenib in treating recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery.Methods A total of 40 patients with recurrent HCC after surgery, who were encountered at authors' hospital during the period from December 2009 to May 2014, were collected. The patients were divided into the study group (n=20) receiving TACE combined with RFA and sorafenib and the control group (n=20) receiving TACE plus RFA. Within 7-10 days after TACE, RFA was carried out. In the study group, oral sorafenib therapy (400 mg, two times everyday) started at 4 days after TACE. Withdrawal of sorafenib would be ordered if drug resistance occurred. Each patient underwent TACE combined with RFA not less than two times. Results The median survival time of the study group and the control group was 31.0 months and 24.8 months respectively, and statistically significant difference existed between the two groups (P<0.05). The one-year, 2-year and 3-year survival rates of the study group were 85%, 70% and 50%respectively, while the one-year, 2-year and 3-year survival rates of the control group were 80%, 55% and 30% respectively; the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The progression free survival (PFS) time of the study group and the control group was 6.8 months and 5.7 months respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion TACE combined with RFA and sorafenib can prolong the overall survival time and the progression free survival time of patients with recurrent HCC after surgery.