Till now,the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)is still not very clear. Some genetic risk loci have been identified that predispose people to IBD,however,they increase the risk of IBD by only a small magnitude. Therefore,environmental risk factors have been the focus of recent researches. This article reviewed the association of environmental factors( hygiene and dietary factors etc. ),especially childhood hygiene with IBD,and concluded that rural environment,higher number of siblings and having pets decreased the risk of IBD,while urban environment and small household size/sibship were risk factors for IBD. Currently,population-based study focusing on hygiene and IBD is deficient domestically,further epidemiological surveys are warranted to confirm their associations.

Objective To observe the in vitro damage to hairs by Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ), and to compare the differences in the duration needed for the two fungi to damage hairs in different age groups. Methods We collected healthy hairs from different age groups, and performed hair perforation test in vitro. The damage to the hairs was observed by SEM and light microscopy. Results Both T. mentagrophytes and M. canis could damage the hairs. The duration needed for T. mentagrophytes to damage the hairs was significantly shorter than that for M. canis in all age groups ( P

Objective To systematically compare the efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa).Methods Clinical comparative studies of IMRT and 3D-CRT in the treatment of PCa were collected from PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data after two independent researchers developed the strategy and inclusion and exclusion criteria for the literature search.Articles published up to February 2017 were searched for, and the languages of publications were restricted to English and Chinese.Clinical meta-analysis of the data from the relevant studies was performed using the RevMan5.3 software.Results A total of 15 relevant retrospective cohort studies were collected from the databases in strict accordance to the search strategy and inclusion and excluding criteria.There were 4608 PCa patients, including 2229 in the IMRT group and 2379 in the 3D-CRT group.IMRT and 3D-CRT had similar adverse effects in terms of early-stage (odds ratio[OR]=0.77, 95% confidence interval[CI]:0.43-1.40, P=0.390) and late-stage (OR=0.75, 95%CI:0.55-1.04, P=0.080) urinary tract injury.However, IMRT led to reduced early-stage (OR=0.47, 95%CI:0.27-0.82, P=0.008) and late-stage (OR=0.52, 95%CI:0.35-0.78, P=0.001) intestinal injury compared with 3D-CRT.Meanwhile, the biochemical recurrence-free survival rate was also significantly higher in the IMRT group than in the 3D-CRT group (OR=1.87, 95%CI:1.51-2.32, P=0.000).Conclusions IMRT is more protective against intestinal injury with a higher biochemical recurrence-free survival rate compared with 3D-CRT during the treatment of PCa.

Objective To explore the effects of SLC concentration gradient on suppression of tumor immune escape. Methods According to different SLC concentration, there were six groups. The HLA-Ⅰexpression and apoptosis of MCF-7 were detected with FCM,and intracellular BCL-2 expression was analyzed by western blot. The production of TGF-? was detected with ELISA. Results In a certain range of concentration gradient, following SLC increase, HLA-Ⅰexpression level on MCF-7 was improved, and apoptosis was induced but BCL-2 expression was enhanced. Moreover, the secretion of TGF-? was suppressed. Conclusion SLC inhibites tumor immune escape.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and management of functional pancreatic endocrine tumor.Methods Clinical data of 19 cases of functional pancreatic endocrine tumor were retrospectively analyzed.Results 15 cases of insulinoma,2 cases of gastrinoma and 2 cases of glucagonoma were qualitatively diagnosed.The positive rate of preoperative diagosis for type B ultrasonic inspection,CT,MRI,EUS,selective portovenous sampling and intraoperative type B ultrasonic inspection was 15.8％ (3/19),67.5％ (10/16),71.4％ (5/7),87.5％ (7/8),100％(2/2) and 85.7％(6/7) respectively.Of the total 19 cases,7 cases underwent open surgery,11 cases unde rwent laparoscopic surgery,and one case didn't undergo any surgery as liver metastasis had occurred when glucagonoma was diagnosed.The operation methods included tumor enucleation (n=13),distal pancreatic resection (n=3),distal pancreatic resection plus splenectomy (n=1),and pancreatic head resection with duodenum preserved (n=1).Conclusions The measurement of serum insulin,gastrin and glucagon is the main basis for qualitative diagonosis of pancreatic endocrine tumor.Two stage spinal CT thin scanning is the main method for tumor location.Intraoperative type B ultrasonic inspection is the supplement to preoperative location.Tumor enucleation is the main choice of treatment.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Based on the structure and function of acupoint and in association of the definition and principle of sensor, the acupoint is the sensitive element, being sensitive to the physical stimulation with acupuncture and moxibustion and sensitively responded to the disorders; the acupoint is the sensing element, transforming the changes of the acupoint information via the complicated internet conduction, integration and regulation, so as to generate the effects on organic body; the acupoint is the conversion element, transforming every irritation into the bioelectric signal or optical signal so that the organic body could recognize it. Therefore, the acupoint is regarded as the sensor of information in the organic body.
Acupuncture Points ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Meridians

Objective To explore the method and effect of primary closure of choledochostomy with placement of a modified biliary stent after common bile duct exploration. Methods Open or laparoscopic common bile duct exploration was done in 39 patients with both gallbladder and common bile duct (CBD) stones. After extraction of stones, an 8F J-stent (pigtailed) was placed in the CBD and into the duodenum over a guide wire. The proximal end of the stent was secured to the CBD wall with rapidly absorbable suture. The CBD incision was primarily closed. Results The stent dislodged and was discharged with stool at the 13th (10-18) postoperative day . Three patients developed transient hyperamylasemia in the immediate postoperative period. None of the patients had complications of bile leak, stent occlusion, early stent dislodgement, or stent retraction into the CBD. Conclusions Placement of a self-release biliary J-stent in CBD and into the duodenum during common bile duct exploration is easier to manipulate with the help of choledochoscpe and guide wire. It is safe and cost-effective, therefore, it can expand the indications for primary closure of CBD incision, and reduce the complications related to T-tubes.

The ITS2 barcode was used to accurately identify Albiziae Cortex, Albiziae Flos and their adulterants in this study. A total of46 samples from Albiziae Cortex, Albiziae Flos and their adulterants were collected. The ITS2 regions were amplified and sequenced. Sequences were assembled using the CodonCode Aligner. The genetic distances of ITS2 region were calculated using MEGA 5.0. BLAST1, nearest distance and phylogenetic tree (NJ-tree) methods were used to assess the identification efficiency of the ITS2 barcode. The results revealed that the intraspecific genetic distances of Albizia julibrissin were lower than the interspecific genetic distances between A. julibrissin and its adulterants. The identification efficiency of ITS2 barcode using BLAST1 was 100%. The NJ-tree showed that A. julibrissin and their adulterants can be easily differentiated according to their monophyly. The ITS2 barcode is suitable to be as a barcode to identify Albiziae Cortex, Albiziae Flos and their adulterants.
Albizzia ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Flowers ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Quality Control

Background:Irritable bowel syndrome( IBS)patients are often accompanied by anxiety,depression and other psychological abnormalities,but the effects of psychological abnormalities on daily life have not yet been fully clarified. Aims:To investigate the effects of psychological abnormalities on life quality,sleep quality and symptom severity in IBS patients. Methods:A total of 101 IBS patients admitted from Nov. 2014 to May 2015 at Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University were enrolled in this study. Zung self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and Zung self-rating depression scale(SDS)were used to evaluate the mental state;IBS-quality of life(IBS-QOL)was used to evaluate the life quality;Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)was used to evaluate the sleep quality;IBS symptom severity score (IBS-SSS)was used to evaluate the symptom severity. Correlations between psychological factors,life quality,sleep quality and symptom severity were analyzed. Results:57. 4%(58 / 101)of IBS patients were accompanied by varying degrees of anxiety and/ or depression. The IBS-QOL score of 101 patients was 73. 28 ± 12. 79,in which anxiety,loss of appetite and health concerns were the most severely affected. 73. 3%(74 / 101)of IBS patients were accompanied by varying degrees of sleep disorders,in which daytime dysfunction,sleep quality and sleep efficiency were the most severely affected. Of the 101 IBS patients,the symptom of 13 cases was mild,63 cases was moderate and 25 cases was severe. IBS-SSS score was 253. 00 ± 72. 58. Correlation analysis showed that anxiety,depression were negatively correlated with life quality(r = - 0. 426,P < 0. 001;r = - 0. 501,P < 0. 001)and positively correlated with sleep quality(r = 0. 556, P = 0. 000;r = 0. 513,P = 0. 000)and symptom severity(r = 0. 231,P = 0. 020;r = 0. 357,P < 0. 001). Life quality was negatively correlated with symptom severity(r = - 0. 417,P < 0. 001). Conclusions:IBS patients have psychological abnormalities and their life and sleep qualities are decreased,the more serious the psychological abnormalities,the more damage on life and sleep qualities and the more severe the IBS symptoms.