Ligament of Marshall(LOM) is a bunch of epicardial structural deterioration.Because of its complex histological structure and electrophysiological properties, LOM plays an important role in the occurrence and maintenances of atrial fibrillation(AF).In addition, more and more studies indicated that ablation of LOM could effect the clinical result of AF treatment.We reviews on the anatomy, electrophysiological characteristics of LOM and the interrelationship between LOM and AF.

Objective To explore the autocrine mechanism of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-MET distribution in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cyst-lining epithelial cells. Methods The concentration of HGF was examined with ELISA in ADPKD patients' cystic fluid, serum and cultured media of cyst-lining epithelial cells. The expression of HGF and c-MET mRNA and protein in cyst-lining epithelial cells was detected by RT-PCR, in-situ hybridization, Western blotting, immunohistochemical analysis and computer image analysis. Results The concentration of HGF in ADPKD non-dialyzed patients'cystic fluid was much higher than that in ADPKD patients' serum [(8. 61?0. 07)ng/ml vs (0.26?0.05) ng/ml, P

AIM: To investigate the synergistic effect of resveratrol and 5-fluorouracil on osteosarcoma CD133+ cell subset.METHODS: Human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 CD133+ cell subset and the corresponding CD133-cell subset were treated with resveratrol and 5-fluorouracil.After treatment, the viability of MG-63 cells was measured by MTT assay.The apoptosis of MG-63 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.Activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, the expression of Apaf-1, and the release of cytochrome C were evaluated by Western blot.The interaction between Apaf-1 and pro-caspase-9 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation.RESULTS: The cell death and apoptosis of MG-63 CD133+ cell subset induced by 5-fluorouracil were significantly weaker than those in the corresponding MG-63 CD133-cell subset.However, co-treatment with resveratrol significantly enhanced the effect of 5-fluorouracil on inhibiting the viability of MG-63 CD133+ cell subset.Mechanically, treatment with resveratrol upregulated the expression of Apaf-1.Transfection with Apaf-1 siRNA abolished the synergistic effect of resveratrol and 5-fluorouracil in MG-63 CD133+ cell subset.In addition, the results of co-immunoprecipitation indicated that the combination of resveratrol and 5-fluorouracil significantly induced the formation of Apaf-1/pro-caspase-9 complex, leading to the activation of caspase-9 in MG-63 CD133+ cell subset.CONCLUSION: Resveratrol enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma CD133+ cell subset by promoting the formation of Apaf-1/caspase-9 complex.

EEGs performed for new-onset seizures show epileptiform discharge in approximately 18% to 56% of children and 12%to 50%of adults. EEG is the most commonly used means of neurological examination for epilepsy. Speciifc EEG abnormalities help characterize the seizure type and epilepsy syndrome, which allows more informed decisions regarding therapy and more accurate prediction of seizure control and ultimate remission. In certain cases, the EEG may detect more subtle seizures, including absence, myoclonic or partial seizures. In the therapy of epilepsy, the effect of different antiepileptic drugs on the inhibition of epileptiform discharges is different. Epileptiform discharges play a very important role in the prediction of recurrence and the decision to remove antiepileptic drugs.

Objective: To study the influence of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (rhHGF) on proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cyst lining epithelial cells in vitro . Methods: The effects of different concentration rhHGF (0.5,1,2.5,5 ng/ml)in 48 h and the optimal concentration rhHGF of different time (24,48,72 h ) on proliferation of ADPKD cyst lining epithelial cell lines were observed by the incorporation of 3H TdR, and synthesis of collagen and laminin were respectively observed by the incorporation of 3H proline and radioimmunoassay. Results: rhHGF stimulated the proliferation of ADPKD cyst lining epithelial cells and synthesis of collagen and laminin,the optimal concentration and time of rhHGF were 1 ng/ml and 48 h. Conclusion: rhHGF can significantly stimulate ADPKD cyst lining epithelial cells proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis in vitro . [

Objective: To study the effect of N (4 hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4 HPR) on apoptosis of cyst lining epithelial cells in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).Methods: The proliferation of ADPKD cyst lining epithelial cells was detected by MTT assay after stimulated by 1,2.5,5 and 10 ?mol/L 4 HPR for 24,48,72 and 96 h respectively.The effect of 4 HPR on the survival rate of cells stimulated by HGF was analyzed with trypan blue staining.The effect of 4 HPR on the apoptotic rate of cyst lining epithelial cells stimulated by HGF was detected with DNA laddering and cell staining with fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342.The expression of HGF and c Myc protein was examined by immunohistochemical staining and semi quantitative analysis in cyst lining epithelial cells stimulated by 4 HPR.Results: Compared with control group,4 HPR inhibited the proliferation of ADPKD cyst lining epithelial cells in a dose and time dependent manner.The most remarkable inhibition effect was observed by 5 or 10 ?mol/L 4 HPR for 96 h ( P

Objective:To study the effects of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (rhHGF) on the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) and matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cyst lining epithelial cells.Methods:The synthesis of laminin (LN) and aminoterminal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen (PⅢNP) in ADPKD cyst lining epithelial cells stimulated by rhHGF was examined with radioimmunoassay.The synthesis of type Ⅳ collagen (ColⅣ) was analyzed with ELISA.The mRNA expression of transforming growth factor ? 1 (TGF? 1),matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP 2),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP 1) and TIMP 2 in rhHGF stimulated cyst lining epithelial cells were detected by RT PCR.MMP 2 protein expression was examined with Western blotting and MMP 2 activity was analyzed by gelatin zymography in supernatant of cyst lining epithelial cells stimulated by rhHGF.Results:In rhHGF group and rhHGF+ anti TGF? 1 antibody group,the synthesis of LN and ColⅣ were markedly increased.There was no significant difference in the synthesis of LN and ColⅣ between the 2 groups.Among control group,rhHGF group,rhHGF+ anti HGF antibody group and rhHGF+ anti TGF? 1 antibody group,no significant difference in the synthesis of PⅢNP was found.No significant difference was found in the expression level of TGF? 1 mRNA in cyst lining epithelial cells among control group,rhHGF group and rhHGF+anti HGF antibody group.Compared with control group,MMP 2 mRNA expression in ADPKD cyst lining epithelial cells was significantly increased and TIMP 1 mRNA and TIMP 2 mRNA expression were significantly decreased in rhHGF group.Furthermore,MMP 2 protein expression and MMP 2 activity in supernatant of cyst lining epithelial cells also greatly increased.Conclusion:HGF stimulates the synthesis of LN and ColⅣ.HGF up regulates MMP 2 expression while HGF down regulates TIMP 1 and TIMP 2 expression in ADPKD cyst lining epithelial cells.All these changes may involve in the initiation and progression of ADPKD cysts.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Methotrexate ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy

BACKGROUND: To date, vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) still lacks effective therapeutic strategy and objective diagnostic tool. Circulating microRNA is considered as a promising diagnostic biomarker due to its advantages of easy acquisition, non-invasive collection, easy detection, strong specificity, and stable expression. OBJECTIVE: To review domestic and foreign studies of microRNAs in VCI diagnosis. METHODS: Literatures published from January 2009 to January 2020 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, OVID, CNKI and WanFang databases with keywords of “microRNA, vascular cognitive impairment, post-stroke cognitive impairment, diagnosis, biomarker ” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 42 literatures were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal cognitive population, differentially expressed microRNAs are found in the serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of VCI patients, and the expression levels of some microRNAs are correlated with the cognitive assessment score. Taking together, circulating microRNA is a new biomarker with potential diagnostic value for VCI. However, the clinical application of microRNAs in VCI still has a large room for development due to the small sample size and low specificity or sensitivity of candidate microRNAs.

Objective The tissue-engineered composite graft was formed with induced marrow-derived stromal cells (MSCs)and PLGA double-layer scaffold. The effectiveness of this graft for the repair of osteochondral defects in the knee of rabbits was investigated. Methods MSCs were isolated from 20 adult rabbits with density gradient centrifugation and was divided into two groups. In group A, the MSCs were cultivated with regular medium. In group B they were cultivated with chondrogenic differentiation medium. The mRNA of MSCs and articular cartilage cells were extracted, and the expression of mRNA for type Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen was tested by RT-PCR. The distribution and compound of MSCs with PLGA double-layer scaffold was examined with scanning electron microscopy. 28 adult rabbits were divided into 3 groups, osteochondral defect of 3.5 mm in diameter and 3 to 4 mm in depth were created in the patellar groove. Group A (10 rabbits), the MSCs cultivated with regular medium was grafted into the defects. In group B (10 rabbits), the MSCs cultivated with chondrogenic differentiation medium was grafted into the defects. In group C (8 rabbits), the defects were repaired with autologous osteochondral grafts as control. Specimens were harvested at 4th, 8th, 16th and 24th week post operation respectively, histological examination was performed and graded. Results For the MSCs cultivated with regular medium, the expression of mRNA for type Ⅰ collagen was found with RT-PCR, but no expression for Ⅱ collagen was found. For the induced MSCs, the expression of mRNA both for type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ collagen were found. The adhesion and growth of MSCs on the PLGA double-layer scaffold were well visualized with scanning electron microscopy, and some cells were found in the deep porotic area. For the specimens of group B, no significant difference was found comparing with normal cartilage at 24th week, and the specimens were defined as matured hyaline-like cartilage(4/6)with histological examination, superior to those specimens of group A (1/4). Conclusion The MSCs have osteogenic and chondrogenic potentiality. Combined with PLGA double-layer scaffold, it can be served as seeded cell to form tissue-engineered composite grafts, which can be used to repair osteochondral defects in rabbit models.