Objective: To make students grasp basic thinking and learning methods, improve practice efficiency and creativity. Methods: In surgery teaching we should pay attention to building helpful thinking environment, design the breakthrough point of thinking, train students in problem consciousness, make students think vertically, horizontally, reverse and train them to think comprehensively. Results: Through various kinds of training of dispersing thinking, students can use these methods to think actively to seek different solutions to the same problems or improve the ability of problem analyzing and solving. Conclusion: The teacher should pay attention to the training of student's dispersing thinking ability in surgical teaching course.

Background:With the increasing of antibiotic resistance and decreasing of eradication rate of standard triple therapy, bismuth-containing quadruple regimens were recommended by the update Chinese consensus report for eradication of Helicobacter pylori( Hp ) infection. Aims:To evaluate the eradication rate of the recommended bismuth-containing quadruple regimens for guiding the choice of low cost and high efficiency eradication regimens. Methods:A search of online database( CNKI,Wanfang and VIP)was carried out. Clinical trials published in Chinese from 2011 to 2013 that evaluated the eradication rate of the recommended bismuth-containing quadruple regimens were retrieved. Data were extracted by standardized data forms. According to the categories raised by Dr. Graham,the eradication rates were graded and analyzed. Results:A total of 166 eligible articles including 192 clinical trials for eradication of Hp infection were obtained. Nationwidely,the eradication rates of amoxicillin-containing regimens were acceptable,among which PAFB( PPI+amoxicillin+furazolidone+bismuth)regimen was more prone to achieve excellent eradication rate(≥95%). PACB ( PPI+amoxicillin+clarithromycin+bismuth)regimen was optimal for Hp eradication in East China,and PAFB regimen was optimal in Central South China. A 14-day treatment course was appropriate. Conclusions:In the recommended bismuth-containing quadruple regimens,PAFB regimen might be the first choice nationwidely for eradication of Hp infection in individuals without amoxicillin-hypersensitivity because of its low cost and high efficiency. The recommended treatment course is 14-day.

Objective: To imrove the current situation that disinfection is inconvenient and ineffective when infant incubators are used. Methods: To make some improvements without changing the structure and performance of existing infant incubators. Results: Built-in disinfection device is designed to overcome the difficult operation, poor effect and inconvenience in use. Conclusion:It has been awarded“the state utility model”for its safety and convenience (patent no:ZL200520117573.9).

Objective To study the relationship between serum adiponection and liver function and insulin level in patients with hepatogenous diabetes.Methods The research subjects included:28 patients with hepatog-enous diabetes who were admitted at Liaocheng People's Hospital (hepatogenous diabetes group);27 patients with simple type 2 diabetes without any complication (simple type 2 diabetes group),and 27 normal controb (control group).Blood adiponectin,fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulins (FINS),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transferase (AST),total bilirubin (TBIL) and albumin (ALB) were measured,and according-ly the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated.Results Compared with the control group.serum adiponec-tin levels and ISI levels were significantly lower in the other two groups (P<0.01),and the adiponectin levels were significantly higher in hepatogenous diabetes group than in simple type 2 diabetes group (P<0.05).The FBG and FINS levels in the hepatogenous diabetes group and the FBG levels in the simple type 2 diabetes group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01).The FINS levels were significantly higher in the hepatogenous diabetes group than in simple diabetes group (P<0.05),while the levels of FBG and ISI were lower than that of simple type 2 diabetes group (P<0.05).Adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with ISI (r= 0.5265,P=0.000),and positively correlated with FBG (r=-0.6040,P=0.000),and were not correlated with liver functions Conclusion Insulin resistance and abnormal metabolism of adipenection exist in patients with hepatogenous diabetes and may together affect the occurrence and development of hepatogenous diabetes.

Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine(DEX)for blood pressure,heart rate(HR) and SpO2 levels during anesthesia inquiry in elderly hypertensive(HBP)patients.Methods 96 cases with HBP accepted surgery were selected,and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,each group in 48 cases,The patients in the observation group continuous pumped into the 4μg/mL of DEX during surgery, while the control group continuous pumped into 0.9% sodium chloride solution during surgery.Heart rate(HR),sys-tolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2 )of the two groups after room entrance(T0),after DEX infusion(T1),before intubation(T2),after 2min intubation(T3)and 10 min(T4)after intubation were recorded and compared,extubated time,spontaneous breathing recovery time,call time to eye opening and hospitalization time and the incidence of adverse reactions in two groups were recorded.Results The difference of HR SBP,DBP and SpO2 at T0 and T4 between the two groups was not statistically significant(all P >0.05);HR, SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group at T1,T2,T3(all P <0.05).There were no significant changes of SpO2 in the patientˊs after the room entrance;extubated time,spontaneous breathing recovery time,call time to eye opening and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t =8.874,9.073,8.573,all P <0.05).The adverse reactions rate in the observation group was 4.2%,which in the control group was 6.3%,the difference was not statistically significant(P >0.05). Conclusion Continuous pumped DEX has a significant sedative effect in elderly HBP patients during surgery,and does not produce respiratory depression,can help elderly patients with HBP smoothly pass the perioperative period.

Biologic scaffold materials derived from decellularized tissues and organs have been successfully used in tissue engineering and regeneration medicine.Decellularization methodology varies according to the differences of the origin,tissue density,composition,geometric and biologic properties of the tissue.Optimal decellularization method should be developed on the basis of complete cell content removal with the preservation of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity and bioactivity.In this article,an overview of decellularization methods and their effect upon acellular bracket structure and composition are presented.

AIM: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of galactose (Gal)-polyethyleneimine (PEI)-c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) complex on proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS: Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Bel-7402 was treated with Gal-PEI-ASODN complex. Cell proliferation was tested by trypan blue dye at different time points and with various concentrations of ASODN treatment. Cell morphology was observed under inverted microscope, cell hypodiploid percentage was analyzed by flow cytometry and cell ultrastructure was observed through electron microscopy. RESULTS: Compared with ASODN group (20 ?mol/L) from (0 h) to 96 h, Gal-PEI-ASODN complex (with ASODN 0.75 ?mol/L) significantly suppressed Bel-7402 cells proliferation, the ASODN concentration within Gal-PEI-ASODN complex and time course acquired were significantly lower and shorter, respectively. Incubated with pure ASODN at different concentrations for 72 hours, cell proliferation was inhibited and IC_(50) was 20.9 ?mol/L; while mediated with galactose receptor for 48 hours, ASODN significantly inhibited cell proliferation and IC_(50) was only 0.294 ?mol/L, the inhibitory efficacy of ASODN enhanced 70.9 folds. While Bel-7402 cells were incubated with Gal-PEI-ASODN complex for 48 hours, cell hypodiploid percentage was much higher than ASODN groups and cell apoptosis was seen under electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Galactose receptor mediated ASODN delivery may significantly increase proliferation inhibition efficacy on Bel-7402 cells. [

Objective To study preliminar il y the mutual antigens between Lumbricus terrestris[WT5”BZ ] and Schistosoma japonicum. Methods The antigen s of Lumbricus terrestris (L.terrestris) and [ WT5”BX]Schistosoma japonicu m (S.japonicum) were analysed by SDS-PAGE technique, and reacte d with the sera of patients with schistosomiasis and the sera of rabbits immunized with LtAg by Dot-ELISA and Western-blot. Results [WT5” B Z]There were many similar molecular weight antigens between LtAg and SjAg. Spe cially some antigens between 30-90 kDa form LtAg had intensive cross reactio n with the sera of patients with schistosomiasis. SjAg was also reacted with the sera of r abbits immunized with LtAg. Conclusion There are at least three immunocompetent antigens with similar molecular weight between L.terrestris and S.japonicum. [

Objective To investigate the expression of sex hormone receptor (SHR) in meningioma and its relationships to the origin of tumor central artery.Methods The expressions of sex hormone receptors, including progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) in 43 cases with meningioma were detected by immunohistochemically streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) method. These data combined with the characteristics of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were analyzed.Results The expression of ER in meningioma was not related to the origin of tumor central artery. The positive expression rates of PR and AR in external carotid artery (ECA) original group (26.9%,23.1%) were significantly lower than those in internal carotid artery (ICA) original group (88.9%,77.8%) and ECA combined with ICA group (87.5%,87.5%) (all P

The study of brain information flow is of great significance to understand brain function in the field of neuroscience. The Granger causality is widely used functional connectivity analysis using multivariate autoregressive model based on the predicted mechanism. High resolution electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of ten healthy subjects were collected with a visual selective attention task. Firstly, independent component analysis was used to extract three spatially independent components of the occipital, parietal, and frontal cortices. Secondly, the Granger causal connectivity was computed between these three regions based on the Granger causality method and then independent sample t-test and bootstrap were used to test the significance of connections. The results showed that Granger causal connectivity existed from frontal to occipital and from parietal to occipital in attentional condition, while causal connectivity from frontal to occipital disappeared in unattentional condition.
Algorithms ; Attention ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans