Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a member of the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases of Tec family.It plays an important role in growth,proliferation,differentiation and signal transduction of B lymphocyte.After activation of B-cell receptor (BCR) by diverse stimuli,Btk is activated through tyrosine phosphorylation.Activated Btk can stimulate several downstream signaling proteins.Btk and BCR signaling pathways play important roles in initiation and maintenance of B cell malignancies.This review focuses on the recent findings in association of Btk and B cell malignancies.

Objective To explore the relationship between lung function and bone mineral density (BMD) in nonsmoking women. Method The healthy women who came to our hospital for physical examination from June 2013 to March 2014 were chosen. Totally 508 cases, average age 49.33±8.66 years , were included through the questionnaire and further examination. The lumbar BMD was measured with dual energy X-ray absorption, the subjects were divided into normal bone mass group, osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group according to the diagnostic criteria of WHO. Through questionnaires, the human body composition analyzer, pulmonary function test apparatus were used to acquire their general information, body mass index (BMI) and pulmonary ventilation function. The data were compared by analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were applied to explore the relationship among the pulmonary ventilation function and bone mineral density of lumbar spine and lumbar bone area (BA). Result BMI, forced vital capacity rate of one second (FEV1/FVC) were not significantly different among the three groups (F values were 0.192, 0.296;All P>0.05);the other indicators of pulmonary function including forced vital capacity (FVC),FVC percent predicted (FVC%), forced expiratory volume in first second(FEV1), FEV1 percent predicted(FEV1%),peak expiratory flow rate(PEF)decreased markedly in osteoporosis group compared with normal group and osteopenia group (F=15.313, 5.508, 18.890, 5.440, 6.763;all P<0.05). The lumbar spine BMD and lumbar BA declined significantly in osteoporosis group and osteopenia group comparing with normal group(F=169.053, 205.660, 224.567, 201.086, 276.927, 3.550;all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, PEF were negatively correlated with age (all P<0.01);FVC, FVC%were negatively correlated with BMI (all P<0.05) , FEV1/FVC was positively correlated with BMI P<0.05);FVC was positively correlated with lumbar BMD and lumbar BA (P<0.01). FEV1 were positively correlated with lumbar BMD and lumbar BA(all P<0.01). Multiple regression showed that age, BMI, and lumbar BA were correlated with FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1/FVC(All P<0.01). Conclusion In healthy nonsmoking women, age, BMI, and lumbar BA are the main influencing factors of pulmonary function;except for FEV1/FVC, the other indicators of pulmonary function decreased markedly in osteoporosis group.

Objective:To observe therapeutic effect of maleic acid levamlodipine (amlodipine) on inflammatory fac‐tor levels in patients with essential hypertension (EH) .Methods :According to random number table method ,a to‐tal of 84 EH patients were randomly and equally divided into nifedipine group (received nifedipine treatment ) and amlodipine group (received maleic acid levamlodipine treatment ) ,both groups were treated for 12 weeks .Blood pressure ,serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF‐α) ,interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured and compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results:Before treatment , there were no significant difference in blood pressure ,serum levels of TNF‐α,IL‐6 and hsCRP between two groups , P>0.05;after treatment ,all above indexes significantly reduced in both groups compared with before treatment ,P<0. 01 all .Compared with nifedipine group ,there were significant reductions in systolic blood pressure [ (136. 9 ± 13.4) mmHg vs . (128.3 ± 12.5) mmHg] ,diastolic blood pressure [ (88.4 ± 7.1) mmHg vs . (82.7 ± 6.8) mm‐Hg] ,serum levels of TNF‐α [ (10.85 ± 2.56) ng/L vs . (8.61 ± 2.37) ng/L] ,IL‐6 [ (18.92 ± 4.61) ng/L vs . (13.73 ± 4.18) ng/L] and hsCRP [ (7.95 ± 2.38) mg/L vs . (5.89 ± 2.24) mg/L] in amlodipine group , P<0.01 all .Conclusion:Amlodipine can more significantly reduce levels of TNF‐α,IL‐6 and hsCRP ,inhibit inflammatory reaction than those of nifedipine and contribute to blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension .

ObjectiveTo study the risk factors of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) in cirrhotic patients with ascites. MethodsThe clinical data of 186 cirrhotic patients with ascities from February 2005 to March 2010 were retrospectively analyzed were divided into two groups,the one with SBP and the other without SBP. The following factors such as sex, Child-Pugh grade were analyzed with binary logistic regression. ResultsAmong those factors ,3 factors were proved to be risk factors for SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites by analysis of single and multiple variables. Those were Child-Pugh grade score, serum bilirubin level and ascitic fluid albumin. ConclusionSBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites was affected by many factors. The Child-Pugh grade score, serum bilirubin level and ascitic fluid albumin were independently associated with risk factors of SBP, so it was important to pay attention to those factors in preventing the onset of SBP.

This paper introduces the risk classification and listing way of medical devices in the United States, and according to the contents in various situations, FDA provides the requirements for clinical evaluation. At the same time, through the comparative study on the similarities and differences between USA and our country of the clinical evaluation, the paper puts forward some suggestions.
Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to analyze the long-term stability of the anterior teeth and hard tissue of skeletal class III malocclusion after a three-year orthodontic surgery by systematic review.

METHODSAll studies about skeletal class III malocclusion with orthodontic-surgery were searched by computer-based retrieval and manual retrieval; the deadline is December 2013. The literature, filtered according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, was performed with quality. assessment. The same indicators of the anterior location and hard tissue stability were combined and evaluated with metaanalysis and descriptive analysis by Rev Man5.2.

RESULTSFour before-and-after comparison study articles with 180 cases were included. The grades of the four literature evaluation were A. The meta-analysis results showed that comparing the three-year post-orthodontic-surgery and post-orthodontic-surgery, the total weighted mean difference (WMD) of Ul-SN was 4.29 (P<0.05); the WMD of Ll-MP, OB, OJ, SNA, SNB, ANB, and MP-SN were -1.58, 0, -0.41, -0.58, 0.25, -0.70, and 0.39, respectively (P>0.05). The measurement methods of A and B point position were different, hence the qualitative description were as follows: point A remained at a relatively stable position, and point B had some replacement compared with post-operative (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONTo the skeletal class III malocclusion after three-year orthodontic-surgery, the position of the lower anterior teeth could be kept stable, as well as the overbite and the overjet of the anterior teeth; only the upper inci- sor has a lip-inclined relapse. The maxillary could also be kept stable, and the mandibular had a little relapse.

Objective: To investigate the effects of ATRA (all-trans-retinoicacid) combined with gamma radiation on proliferation and apoptosis of human esophageal carcinoma TE13 cells, and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods: The effect of ATRA on the proliferation of TE13 cells was detected by MTT method. When the cell growth RI (inhibitory rate) reached levels of 25%, 50% and 75%, the TE13 cells were treated with the corresponding inhibitory doses of ATRA combined with 4 Gy gamma radiation. The effects of this combination intervention on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of TE13 cells were detected by FCM (flow cytometry). The colony-formation ability and cell viability were detected using colony-formation experiment. The expression of cyclinD1 protein was detected by FCM. Results: The inhibitory effect of ATRA on the proliferation of TE13 cells was significant in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cell growth IRs reached 22.0%, 55.1% and 71.1% at ATRA concentrations of 0.78, 6.25 and 12.5 μmol/L, respectively. The cell viability and colony-formation efficiency were significantly decreased in TE13 cells treated with ATRA in combination with 4 Gy gamma radiation, as compared with TE13 cells receiving administration of ATRA alone. The proliferative ability of TE13 cells was significantly reduced after ATRA treatment in combination with 4 Gy gamma radiation for 24 and 48 h; furthermore, the percentage of the cells arrested at phase G0/G 1 was increased accompanying with a significantly elevated apoptotic rate. Although the combination treatment (0.78 μmol/L ATRA and gamma radiation) had a weak influence on the expression of cyclinD1 protein, which was significantly decreased in other groups (6.25 and 12.5 μmol/L ATRA). Conclusion: ATRA exerts an inhibitory influence on the proliferation of TE13 cells through down-regulating cyclinD1 expression, arresting the cells at phase G0/G1, and inducing apoptosis. A higher-concentration of ATRA combined with gamma radiation can significantly decrease the expression of cyclinD1, promote G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, accelerate apoptosis, and limit the colony formation, but a lower concentration of ATRA combined with gamma radiation exerts a little influence on cyclinD1 expression, although it may accelerate apoptosis and limit the colony-formation at some periods of time after treatment. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.

As a novel testing method in clinic,the technology of genetic testing and its application appear prosperous in many areas,such as genetic diagnosis,therapy,prevention and biological pharmacy,etc.With the application of the genetic testing,some related ethical,legal and social problems also emerged.A preliminary study is conducted on the potential ethical problems that appear in genetic testing,such as individual mental burden,family relationship,public pressures,etc.Relevant ethical principles are also put forward,especially the admission criteria of genetic testing to provide a reference for the application and management of genetic testing in our country.

Objective To obtain the shear wave velocity(SWV) in breast tumors at different probe orientations.Methods SWV was measured on 92 breast tumors in 48 female patients with the probe placed on transverse,longitudinal and 45 degree planes.Pathological test results were followed up.Results Pathological tests showed benign tumors in 48 patients (92 tumors).Of the three planes,values of the biggest and the smallest SWV showed significant difference (P ＜0.001).Conclusions SWV differs on different planes of breast tumors.So the effect in different probe orientations should be considered using SWV for the differential diagnosis of breast tumors.

Objective To explore the Troponin I(cTnI) ,myoglobin(MYO) and creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK‐MB) in early di‐agnosis of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) ,and compare their significance in the diagnosis of AMI .Methods used chemilumines‐cence method in 126 patients with AMI and 82 cases of myocardial infarction group to test cTnI ,MYO and CK‐MB ,the results were compared .Results The cTnI ,MYO ,CK‐MB quality appear time and peak time was different ,in patients with acute myocardial in‐farction(cTnI ,MYO and CK‐MB joint detection sensitivity ,specificity ,negative predictive value ,positive predictive value was higher than single test .Conclusion cTnI ,MYO and CK‐MB joint detection is helpful to early diagnosis of AMI .