OBJECTIVE:To discuss the disposal of essential oil in the preparation process of solid preparations containing Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica dahurica.METHODS:Based on pertinent literature in recent years,the disposal of essential oil in the preparation process of solid preparations containing Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica dahurica was discussed from aspects of chemical components,pharmacology and extraction process etc.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:It is necessary to combine research on preparation process with the pharmacological effect and pharmacodynamic action,and to formulate effective measures to control quality of the essential oil during the whole preparation process to facilitate a solution for the disposal of essential oil.

Medicine is a comprehensive discipline.Under the new situation,medical students are required to have integral knowledge and whole view.This article aims at evaluating the necessity of diagnosis and discusses the defects,causes and strategy in this respect.

Objective:To investigate the family history of congenital heart disease (CHD) in Chogqing for studying the genetic relation of CHD families. Methods:The materials were collected from the population survey about families with more than one members being CHD patients. Map pedigrees for high-risk families were made. The probands and the first and second grade relatives were asked to fill in questionnaires and the high-risk families were analyzed. Results:In the survey of 4387 families, there were 21 high-risk families in which the disease types of the relative patients were inconsistent with those of the probands, the coincidence being 33.33%(7/121).The incidence rates of the first and second grade relatives were 16.49%(16/78),1.89%(5/265) respectively and their difference was significant ( ? 2=27.73, P

Teachers'quality is an essential factor to improve teaching,and nowadays,lack of medical English teachers has become a serious problem many medical colleges have to deal with in our country. While designing the cours "eMedical English Watching,Listening and Speaking" ,English teachers,relying on their advantages of oral communication in English,can learn more basic medical theories and knowledge,and can gradually be trained as qualified medical English teachers after several years'teaching practice.

Objective To understand the effect of interventions to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission(MTCT).Methods A survey was conducted to study preventive interventions adopted for young children delivered by HIV positive mothers including children's medication after birth,feeding practice,modes of delivery and ART for mothers.Chi-square tests was used to analyze the differences in infection rate between children in the intervention group and control group.Results The infection rate in the intervention group was 2.75%,while that in the control group was 50.00%.There was significant difference between these two groups.Conclusion Timely ART provided for mothers and their babies and using artificial feeding can effectively reduce HIV mother-to-child transmission.

Medical safety management and non-medical safety management are two major systems of hospital safety management.With the deepening of the medical and health system reform and the change of the mode of medical treatment,the connotation and extension of non medical safety management have changed,and the non-medical safety management field is faced with more risk factors and security risks.Combined with the.status quo of non medical safety management in hospital,the problems existing in non-medical safety management are analyzed and some suggestions for improvement are put forward.

BACKGROUND: The question whether patellar replacement is necessary during total knee arthroplasty remains controversial. The influence of different parameters, such as patellar thickness, bone bed shape, fixation column style and fixation patterns on effect of total knee arthroplasty remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To induce the technical parameters in patellar replacement. METHODS: A computer-based line seerch of CNKI and Pubmend was performed for articles published between January 1999 and June 2009 with key words "artificial knee joint, petellar replacement" in Chinese and "artificial knee joint, arthroplasty, patellar surfacing" in English. Clinical studies of patients undergoing patellar replacement or not dudng total knee arthroplasty were included. Animal experiments were excluded. The indication and complication of patellar replacement, issues regarding patellar replacement, influence of petellar thickness reservation on artificial knee arthroplasty, prosthesis design of patellar and influence of internal fixation pattems on postoperative effect, and influence of replacement techniques on artificial knee joint were discussed in this article. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently, patellar replacement is considered to have three patterns: total replacement, no replacement and selective replacement. The shape of patella remains controversial. Bone cement is commonly used for patellar prosthesis fixation. The pdnciples of patellar replacement are as follows: to maximize patellar thickness; to maintain articular facet symmetry; to protect patellar blood transport; to ensure reasonable motion track of the patella. The indications of patellar replacement depend on protopathy, pathological change degree, prosthesis pattern, patient activity amount and body mass.

Dry eye is the most common ocular surface diseases encountered in the clinic.At present,a system for dry eye diagnosis and treatment has initially been formed in China,but there are still many clinical issues need to be resolved.It is important to improve the definition of dry eye and construct a more rational classification system;pay attention to the epidemiological investigation of dry eye;standardize diagnostic procedures for dry eye;establish the dry eye diagnostic criteria and the correct treatment concept.We propose to develop the clinical guidelines on dry eye classification,diagnostic criteria and treatment principles.

Free fatty acids(FFAs) provide an important energy source and also act as signaling molecules.Medium to long-chain free fatty acids can activate the intracellular signal pathways in the pancreatic ?-cells and play a role in regulating insulin secretion as an extracellular signal molecular via binding to the FFA receptor G protein-coupled receptor 40(GPR40). Furthermore,GPR40 is associated with several biological effects including cell proliferation and antiapoptosis of nerve cells.GPR40 act an important role in the connection of obesity and diabetes or cancers.GPR40 will probably become a novel kind of antidiabetic and anticancer drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the quality standard of Codonopsis lanceolata.METHODS: C.lanceolata was identified by TLC and the content of ginsenoside in C.lanceolata was determined by HPLC.RESULTS: The TLC spots of syringin and echinocystic acid were clear and easy to identify.The linear range of ginsenoside in C.lanceolata were 2.176～21.76 ?g (r=0.999 8) with an average recovery of 96.54%(RSD=1.2%,n=9).CONCLUSION: Established quality standard can be used for the quality control of C.lanceolata.