Background Flickering light is different from the normal light environment.Animal experiment proved that flickering light can induce myopia.But its mechanism remains unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the expression of c-fos gene in retina of myopic C57BL/6J mice induced by flickering light and monocular form deprivation.Methods Ninety clean C57BL/6J mice aged 28-day-old with the similar refraction in both eyes were randomly assigned to five groups.Fifteen mice in the control group were exposed to continuous white light environment.The white flickering light with the frequency of 10,5,2 Hz were used to irradiate the mice respectively in high frequency flickering group (15 mice),moderate frequency flickering group (15 mice) and low frequency flickering group (15 mice),respectively.The right eyes of other 30 mice were monocularly occluded with a semitransparent hemispherical thin plastic shell to establish the form deprivation models and then were exposed to white light environment.The diopter and ocular axial length were measured by murine-specific eccentric infrared photorefraction and A-scan ultrasonography before experiment and two weeks after the treatments.At the end of experiment,the mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation.Mice eyes were enucleated and retinal samples were prepared for the detect of c-fos protein and its mRNA by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),respectively.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that the expressing rate ofc-fos protein in retina was (68.000±10.368)％,(51.000±6.519)％,(46.000±6.519)％,(31.000±7.416)％ and (25.000 ± 7.071)％ in the control group,high frequency flickering group,moderate frequency flickering group,low frequency flickering group and form deprivation group respectively 2 weeks after experiment.The expression rates of c-fos protein in retina in different frequencies of flickering light groups and form deprivation group were significantly lower than that in the control group (t =3.104,4.017,6.490,7.661,all P＜0.05),with the lowest rate in the form deprivation group (P＜0.05).The expression of c-fos detected by Western blot assay exhibited that the relative values of c-fos protein in retina (c-fos/GAPDH) was 0.804±0.050,0.687±0.047,0.667±0.036,0.558±0.036 and 0.532 ±0.056,respectively in the control group,high frequency flickering group,moderate frequency flickering group,low frequency flickering group and form deprivation group,illustrating significantly lowing in different frequencies of flickering light groups and form deprivation group compared with control group (t =2.961,3.184,6.971,6.276,all P＜0.05),whereas the c-fos in the low frequency group and form deprivation group,c-fos protein was less expressed in comparison with the higher frequency flicking group (P＜0.05).The expression level of c-fos mRNA (c-fos mRNA/GAPDH mRNA) in retina was 0.820±0.056,0.663±0.061,0.627±0.034,0.521±0.041 and 0.474 ±0.045 in the control group,high frequency flickering group,moderate frequency flickering group,low frequency flickering group and form deprivation group,respectively.These results demonstrated a significant decline in the expression of c-fos mRNA in different frequencies of flickering group and form deprivation group compared with the control group(t=3.262,5.070,7.173,8.305,all P＜0.05),and the inhibition ability of low frequency of flickering group and form deprivation group was much stronger.Conclusions The c-fos gene level in the retina has a negative relationship with the severity of myopia induced by flickering light and form deprivation.

Objective To study the influence of probiotics on the gut microflora,digestive enzymes and small intestinal propulsive rate of rats with severe head injury. Methods The rat model of severe head injury was prepared, SD rats were randomly divided into group A (enteml nutrition) , group B (enteral nutrition plus probiotics) , and group C (normal diet) . The intestine mucesa and faeces were collected on the third day,7th day and 14th day after head injury in order to detect gut microflora,digestive enzymes and small intestinal propulsive rate. Results Compared with group C, the number of Lactobacillus and Bacillus bifidus group in group A and group B declined in two weeks after trauma, however, the number of Escherichia coli increased significantly. Bacillus bifidus amounts of group A were significantly lower than that of group B at every time point, the diversity of Escherichia coli was opposite. No difference was seen in content of Lactobacillus 7 days after trauma in group A and B. The level of disaecharidases, Na+- K+- ATPase and small intestinal propulsive rate declined significantly at every time point, compared with group C.Though the contents of digestive enzymes was higher in group B than that of group A, and small intestinal propulsive rate was higher in group A and B than that in group C, but the two groups showed no difference. Conclusions Probiotics can alleviate the in-testine microflora disorder,modulate the activities of digestive enzymes, therefore lessen malabsorption of rats with severe head injury.

A kind of colloidal blue dye(D-l)used as a staining reagent for immunoassay was first selected from the dyes produced in China in this study. The optimun condition for labelling the dye onto sheep antihuman IgG antibody was explored. The dye-labelled antibody could react and stain with relative antigens. The minimal concentration of human IgG protein could be detected with the labelled dye by Dot Double Antibody Sandwich Assay was 20-10ng/ ml. 61 of 62 sera samples of schistosomiasis japonica were positive,the positive rate was 98.4%. Just 1 out of 30 healthy people's sera sambles was positive,the false positive rate was 3.3%. All of 40 Fasciolopsiasis sera samples were negative. The results were similar to that of Dot-ELISA. The activity of antibody labelled with colloidal dye could be maintained for 1 week in room temperature and be presered in lyophilized condition for a longer period. The assay was less expensive,simple to conduct and required no special equipment. It suggested that the Dot Colloidal Dye Immunoassay(DIA)might have potential value for use in schisto-somiasis endemic areas.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of non-linear dynamics characteristics of EEG of the patients with menopause depression under eyes closed state.MethodsEEG were recorded in 18 patients with menopause depression and 18 healthy volunteers under eyes closed state. Approximate entropy (ApEn) was calculated for all subjects.ResultsApEn of the menopause depression group at eyes closed state increased significantly compared with that of the healthy control group.ConclusionDynamic non-linear analysis is more appropriate for the study of mental functions changes of menopause depression.

Objective:To investigate the use of proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs) in the patients with cirrhosis or hepatitis in one hospital and evaluate the use rationality .Methods:A retrospective study was carried out on 211 patients with the diagnosis of hepatitis or cirrhosis in the infectious disease ward between 2013 and 2014 , and the use rationality of PPIs was evaluated .Results: A total of 211 cases were inspected, and among them, 192 ones were treated with PPIs (91%) with 62 ones treated with PPIs irrationally, which accounted for 29.3%of the total cases.The main irrational use of PPIs was long treatment course (24.5%), inadequate prophylaxis indications (5.7%) and purposeless use (2.6%).Conclusion: Irrational use of PPI is common in hepatitis or cirrhosis patients . Clinical pharmacists should strengthen pharmaceutical care to improve the rational drug use .

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on heart rate (HR) of rabbits through in vitro and in vivo experiments, and investigate the mechanism by which dexmedetomidine lowered HR.Methods In vitro experiment Healthy adult rabbits of both sexes, weighing 2.0-2.5 kg, aged 8-10 weeks, were studied.The 24 isolated hearts passively perfused in a Langendorff apparatus were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C) , and dexmedetomidine 3 and 30 ng/ml groups (D1 and D2 groups).The isolated hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 45 min in group C.After 15 min of equilibration, the isolated hearts were perfused for 30 min with K-H solution containing dexmedetomidine 3 and 30 ng/ml in D1 and D2 groups, respectively.At 15 min of equilibration, and at 15 and 30 min of perfusion with K-H solution containing dexmedetomidine, HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were recorded.In vivo experiment Twenty-five healthy adult rabbits of both sexes, weighing 2.0-2.5 kg, aged 8-10 weeks, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=5 each) using a random number table: dexmedetomidine 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 μg/kg groups (D3, D6, D9, D12, D15groups), to receive the corresponding doses of dexmedetomidine which was intravenously infused over 10 min.HR and mean arterial pressure were monitored and recorded before administration (T0) , and at 15 and 40 min after administration (T1,2).The correlation between doses of dexmedetomidine and change rate of HR was tested by Spearman correlation analysis.Results In vitro experiment Compared with group C, no significant changes were found in HR and LVSP at each time point in D1 and D2 groups (P＞0.05).In vivo experiment Compared with those at T0 , HR at T1 in D6 and D9 groups, HR at T1,2 in D12 and D15 groups, and mean arterial pressure at T1,2in D6, D9, and D12 groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in HR at each time point in group D3 (P＞0.05).The correlation coefficient between doses of dexmedetomidine and change rate of HR was 0.944 (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine lowers HR of rabbits is not related to direct inhibition of sinoatrial nodes, but associated with the balance of autonomic nervous system.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of shear wave elastography on deep venous thrombosis in different stage.Methods Models of rabbits'deep venous thrombosis have been established to noninvasively measure Young's moduli of thrombosis in day 1 ,4,7,10 and 14 respectively by shear wave elastography.Results The elastic modulus of thrombosis increased with increment of the stages of thrombosis.Specifically,the mean Young's moduli of thrombosis increased from (4.0±1 .42)kPa (day 1)to (25.71 ±6.09)kPa (day 14),with statistical differences between each two observation time points (P <0.05).Conclusions Shear wave elastography can effectively reflect the elasticity of thrombosis in different stages,and the stage of thrombosis can be estimated judging by quantitative ultrasound elasticity preliminarily.

Objectives To express the miracidial antigen from eggs of Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese mainland strain) (SjMP10), and investigate the role of the miracidial antigen during the hepatic granuloma formation of schistosomiasis. Methods A pair of specific primers was designed and synthesized according to the nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame of the miracidial antigen gene. The open reading frame of the miracidial antigen gene was amplified, digested by restrictive enzyme(BamHI, SalI), and cloned directly into the expression plasmid pGEX-4T-3 to construct the recombinant plasmid. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3), and induced by IPTG to express the fusion protein of GST-SjMP10. The expressed fusion protein was purified by electric elution method, and its antigenicity was examined by Western blotting and lymphocyte proliferation test. Results The gene of miracidial antigen was cloned into the expression plasmid pGEX-4T-3. After induced by IPTG, the recombinant expressed a fusion protein of GST-SjMP10, with a molecular weight of 39 000 approximately. The purified fusion protein showed proper antigenicity that could be recognized by the sera of rabbits heavily infected by Schistosoma japonicum and could stimulate the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes of infected BALB/c mice. Conclusion The miracidial antigen from eggs of Schistosoma japonicum was expressed successfully.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the resistance feature and the distribution of Enterococcus species isolated from bile specimens.METHODS Totally 715 samples of bile in intra-operation were cultured,and the drug resistances were tested.RESULTS From them 511 strains in 469 cases were detected out(65.6%),among whith 156 were Enterococcus strains and 159 were strains of Escherichia coli.The mixed infection with two kinds of germs was found in 35 cases.The results of drug susceptibility showed the resistant rates of Enterococcus faecalis to penicillin and high concentration gentamicin were lower than those of E.faecium.None of E.faecalis,and E.faecium resisted to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS The detective rate of the Enterococcus is high in bile samples.The results reveal a different resistance to common antibiotics,but a high sensistivity to vancomycin and teicoplanin.The result of antibiotic susceptibility testing guides rational use of antibacterial agents.

Objective To screen the bacteria and its components which are toxic to Oncomelania hupensis. Methods The samples of Oncomelania hupensis on the point of death and the soil around the snails were collected. The bacteria existing in the snails and soil were isolated and identified by using regular methods. After being fermented, the toxicity of the bacterium components including the ferment supernatant, split products and bacteria to the snail were tested by the toxicity test. Results Totally, 104 strains of bacteria were isolated from the snails and soil samples, which included Gram positive cocci or bacilli, Gram negative cocci or bacilli. The fermenting supernatant, splitting products and 10 strains of bacteria showed different level of toxicity against the snail respectively. All the fermenting supernatant of bacterium PY1-1, PY7-2, PY3-5, PY19-3, PY2-2-2, PY8-2-2, PY16-1 could kill more than 50 percent of snails. Conclusion The bacteria which are poisonous to snails have been isolated that make a good basis for identifying single toxic component against snails.