Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM) is a disease independently related with coronary artery atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease and other heart diseases that are uniquely associated with diabetes mellitus, and the pathological manifestations of DCM are mainly myocardial hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, necrosis and apoptosis.Endoplasmic reticulum is the central location of many important cellular functions, and endoplasmic reticulum swelling and functional disorder in diabetic cardiomyocytes, high blood sugar can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress, suggesting that endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and development.Based on this, this paper summarizes the progress of ERS in diabetic cardiomyopathy from the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, unfolding protein reaction and the related role of ERS in DCM.

Objective To systematically review the changes in the intensity of postoperative pain under ketamine anesthesia in children.Methods We searched the Cochrane Library,PubMed,OVID,EMBASE,and Chinese Biomedical Database for prospective randomized controlled trials involving the changes in the intensity of postoperative pain under ketamine anesthesia in children.The quality of the studies was evaluated by the method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration.Evaluation indexes included pain score and analgesic consumption during 6 h after operation,pain score and analgesic consumption during 6-24 h after operation,duration of sensory block (caudal block),side effects during 24 h after operation (postoperative nausea and vomiting and psycho-mimetic manifestations).Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software.Results Fifteen prospective randomized controlled trials involving 955 patients were included in our Meta-analysis.The patients were divided into 2 groups:control group ( n =455) and ketamine group ( n =500).The pain score and analgesic consumption during 6 h after operation were significantly decreased after general anesthesia with ketamine.The pain score during 6-24 h after operation and analgesic consumption during 6 h after operation were significantly decreased after local anesthesia with ketamine.The duration of sensory block was prolonged and the analgesic consumption during 6 h after operation was significantly reduced after caudal block with ketamine.There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and psycho-mimetic manifestations between the two groups.Conclusion The intensity of pain and analgesic requirement during 6 h after operation are significantly reduced under ketamine anesthesia in children.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for stroke, and brain focal renin-angiotensin system has been proved to play a vital role in the development of hypertension and stroke.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of long-term administration of losartan, an angiotensin-1 receptor antagonist, on the incidence of strokeprone spontaneous hypertension in rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Renmin Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in Wuhan University between July 1999 and March 2001. Totally 26 six-week-old male rats with stroke-prone spontaneous hypertension and 8 Kyoto male Wistar rats were recruited in this experiment with the body mass of 144.5-182.1 g.METHODS: Totally 26 six-week-old male rats with spontaneous hypertension were randomized into stroke-Rrone spontaneous hypertension group (n=9) which received gastric perfusion of physiological saline at a dosage of 5 mL/d; losartan 10 mg/(kg·d) group of 9 rats which received gastric perfusion of losartan at a dosage of 10 mg/(kg ·d) and losartan 30 mg/(kg ·d)group of 8 rats which received gastric perfusion of losartan at a dosage of 30 mg/(kg·d). Rats in the three groups were provided with high-protein feed when entering the group, and drank 15 g/L salty water (5 mL/d) from the onset of week 2. At the same time, 8 six-week-old male Wistar rats were taken as normal controls to receive gastric perfusion of physiological saline at a dosage of 5 mL/d once a day; they took ordinary feed and drank running water. All rats lived with 12 hours' day-night alternation at room temperature of 18-20 ℃ and with humidity of 40%-50%. Totally 18weeks later, the incidence of stroke and BP changes were observed. The clinical manifestation of stroke was scored 1 if rats appeared few activities,with movements slightly reduced or excited; 2 score referred to very few activities, with movements obviously reduced or violently stimulated; 3score referred to inability to walk, lying motionless with melancholy symptoms; score 4 referred to paralysis and inability to stand, lateral or bilateral limb paralysis. Transmission electron microscope was used for histological observation of cell apoptosis in the brain.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Observation of brain structure at week 18 when rats were decapitated. ② Results of nerve cell apoptosis detected with TUNEL technique. ③ Rat body mass, BP, as well as the incidence and changes of stroke were recorded.RESULTS: Totally 34 rats entered the result analysis. ① The incidence of stroke in the three groups: It was 100%, 22%, and 13%, respectively, in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertension group, losartan 10 mg/(kg·d) group,and losartan 30 mg/(kg·d) group. ② Score for stroke: The score was remarkably higher in stroke-prone spontaneous hypertension group than in losartan 10 mg/(kg·d) group and losartan 30 mg/(kg·d) group [(3.50±0.55,0.67±1.12, 0.38±0.74) minutes]. ③ Electron-microscopic observation: In stroke-prone spontaneous hypertension group, electron density was found increased in necrotic neurons; moreover, some nuclear membrane lost double-layer structure with ridges broken, even reduced or disappeared, displaying vacuolated changes. In losartan 30 mg/(kg·d) group and losartan 10 mg/(kg·d) group, most of neurons displayed basically normal morphology, with neuron chromatin evenly distributed and nuclear envelops regular, but there were still some neurons that had dense chromatin, with ridges broken and reduced. ④ Nerve cell apoptosis in the three groups: It was found obviously lower in normal group than in losartan 30 mg/(kg ·d)group, losartan 10 mg/(kg·d) group, and stroke-prone spontaneous hypertension group [(2.5±0.8, 13.9±4.3, 14.0±4.4, 52.0±16.7)%, P ＜ 0.05]. ⑤ BP changes: At week 18, BP was obviously lower in normal group than in losartan 30 mg/(kg·d) group, losartan 10 mg/(kg·d) group and strokeprone spontaneous hypertension group [(120.1±7.9, 169.4±10.1,216.7±8.3,225.5±6.8) mmHg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), P ＜ 0.05]. ⑥ Changes of body mass: At week 18, body mass was obviously higher in normal group than in losartan 30 mg/(kg·d) group, losartan 10 mg/(kg·d) group, and stroke-prone spontaneous hypertension group [(313.3 ±10.1, 270.8 ± 10.4,258.7±12.7, 231.0±6.5) g, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Losartan can obviously reduce the incidence of stroke and nerve cell apoptosis in rats with spontaneous hypertension, suggesting that losartan as an angiotensin-1 receptor antagonist may prevent and delay the onset of stroke through antagonizing angiotensin I receptor, thus exerting brain-protecting function.

Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; psychology

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of Cyclobuxine D in transdermal patch in Newzealand rabbits by determining concentration-time curve and by comparing with the pharmacokinetics of Cyclobuxine Dinjection and suspension.Methods Precolumn derivatization RP-HPLC was used to detect the concentration of Clovirobuxine D in rabbits plasma at different time,and software 3p87 was used to analyze the pharmacokinetics parameter.Results In contrast to oral delivery,relatively steadily sustained blood concentration with minimal fluctuation and prolonged peak time were presented in the rabbits over a long period after transdermal administration.The absolute bioavailability of Cyclobuxine D was 30.472 %.Conclusion Cyclobuxine D Patch exhibits good controlled-release properties and maintains appropriate blood concentration for a prolonged time.

Objective To observe the inhibit effect of triplex forming oligonucleotide (TFO)(platelet-derived growth factor-B chain, PDGF) on tumor growth and angiogenesis in rats with glioma.Methods 1?10~6 C_6 glioma cells with high-flow microinfusion were seed into right caudate putamens of 18 rats by stereotaxic technique. TFO was injected in situ 1 week after glioma cells inoculation. Treat group Ⅰ and treat group Ⅱ received TFO at dose of 1.5 mg/20 ?l and 3.0 mg/20 ?l, respectively. The same doses were given again at 8, 11 and 14th day after glioma cells inoculation. The control group was treated with 20 ?l normal saline at same time like treat groups. Three weeks after glioma cells inoculation, all the rats were killed. The expressions of, PDGF-B, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected with microscopic histology.Results The inhibition rate of tumor growth was 66.0% in treat groupⅠand 92.2% in treat group Ⅱ. There was significant difference between the two groups ((P

Objective To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic Ladd’s procedure and its indications for intestinal malrotation accompanying midgut volvulus. Methods Laparoscopic Ladd’s procedure was performed in 15 children from July 2002 to March 2006. The procedure was performed using three trocars. Under laparoscopic visualization, the midgut volvulus was untwisted by grasping and pulling the intestine, the Ladd’s band was divided and broadened, the duodenum and the small intestine were mobilized, and finally an appendectomy was performed through an abdominal wall port. Results Laparoscopic Ladd’s procedure was completed successfully in the 15 children. Of them, 1 patient with duodenal web, 1 patient with paraduodenal hernia, and 1 patient with ectopic pancreas also had a concomitant procedure. The operative time was 45~150 min (mean, 75 min). The patients began to take food on 1~3 postoperative day. There was no surgical complications. The length of postoperative hospital stay ranged 4~6 days (mean, 5 days). Follow-up observations in 12 patients for 1~42 months (mean, 21 months) showed normal development and free of symptoms.Conclusions Laparoscopic Ladd’s procedure is a safe and effective technique. It can be performed in neonates and applicable subacute midgut volvulus, but may be unadvisable for acute volvulus with abdominal distention.

Objective To study cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels in cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers as well as their originated normal tissues. Methods Semiquantitative immunofluorescent assay (IFA) was used to detect COX-2 expression levels in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (n=12),endometrial adenocarcinoma (n=13),and ovarian serous adenocarcinoma (n=9). COX-2 expression levels in normal cervical (n=14),endometrial (n=15),and ovarian (n=13) tissues were simultaneously detected as control. Results Normal cervical tissues expressed COX-2 more frequently than cervical cancers (50% vs 23%), but the difference was not signicant (P=0.247). The positive rate of COX-2 expression was significantly higher in endometrial adenocarcinomas (69%) than that in normal endometrium (7%) (P

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of heparin in the cold preservation solution on blood coagulation after reperfusion during orthotopic liver transplantation ( OLT) . Methods Forty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients with end-stage liver disease (31 males, 9 females) weighing 51-82 kg undergoing OLT were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the concentrations of heparin in the liver preservation solution: group Ⅰ 2 000 U?L-1( n = 14); group Ⅱ 8000 U?L-1(n= 12) and group Ⅲ 20 000 U?L-1(n = 12) .Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and rocuronium and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and intermittent i.v. boluses of fentanyl. Body temperature was maintained at 35.5-37.5℃ and Hct at 22%-35% . Blood samples were taken from central vein at 15 min before reperfusion (T0,baseline) and 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min of reperfusion (T1-5) for determination of ACT, CR and platelet function (PF) using Sonoclot platelet function and coagulation analyzer (U.S.A.). Blood concentration of heparin was determined in 3-4 patients in each group at T0-5 ( HPLC) . Results The 3 groups were comparable with respect to age, body weight, ASA physical status and Child classification. The glass ball activated coagulation time (gbACT) was significantly prolonged at T1-4 in group Ⅲ and at T1,2 in group Ⅱ as compared to the baseline values at T0 ( P

This study was aimed to assess the proportion and causes of misdiagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC), and the effects of misdiagnosis on and treatment of PC, so as to sum up experiences and improve the diagnosis and treatment. 1027 cases with confirmed diagnosis of PC were retrospectively analyzed in detail. The patients were divided into misdiagnosed group and a group with correct diagnosis. The relevant data of the two groups were analyzed by stastical methods, and the differences between them were assessed. It was found that 586 cases (57 1%) were misdiagnosed.Fifty five diseases were involved in misdiagnosis, among them gastritis and duodenitis, peptic ulcer, virus hepatitis, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis wese the commonest. The differences of duration of diagnosis, main symptoms, resection rate, and half year survival rate between misdiagnosed group and correct diagnosis group were significant. It is concluded that PC is often misdiagnosed as other diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment is critical to the prognosis. The physician should be aware that PC may present a veriety of clinical manifestations, and therefore he or she should analyze comprehensively the symptoms and signs in order to improve diagnosis and treatment.