Objective:To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of vinyl chloride and vinylidenechloride in drug packaging materials containing polyvinyl chloride /polyvinylidene chloride by HS-GC.Methods: A Stabilwax (30.0 m ×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) capillary column and an FID detector were adopted .The headspace equivalent temperature was 80℃for 30 min and the col-umn temperature was 40℃.The inlet temperature was 190℃and the detector temperature was 210℃.N2 was used as the carrier gas . The flow rate was 1.0 ml · min-1 .Results: Vinyl chloride had a good linear relationship within the range of 0.5-2.5 μg ( r =0.996 7), and the average recovery was 90.4%(RSD=0.9%, n=9).Vinylidenechloride had a good linear relationship within the range of 1.0-5.0 μg (r=0.999 0), and the average recovery was 90.0%(RSD=0.6%, n=9).Conclusion: The method is fast and accurate in the simultaneous determination of vinyl chloride and vinylidenechloride in drug packaging materials containing polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidene chloride .

Objective To understand the relationship between embryonic chromosomal abnormalities and missed abortion by high-throughput gene sequencing, so as to provide a basis for guiding the next pregnancy.Meth-ods By chromosome detection on villi chromosome of 52 cases of missed abortion by high-throughput gene sequen-cing technique, the types of chromosome abnormalities and the proportion were investigated.Results Among villi samples from the 52 cases of missed abortion, chromosomal abnormalities were founded in 28 cases, including 24 ca-ses of number abnormality (17 cases of trisomy, 6 cases of triploid and a case of monomer) and 4 cases of structural abnormalities.Conclusion Embryonic chromosomal abnormality is the main cause of missed abortion in early preg-nancy.High-throughput gene sequencing technology used to detect the villi chromosome is comprehensive, fast and accurate, helping to clarify the cause of missed abortion and guide the next pregnancy reasonably.

Objective To investigate the distribution of interstitial Cajal-like cells(ICLC) in ampulla and the myoelectric activities of the sphincter of Oddi(SO) of adult guinea-pigs.Methods C-Kit immunohistochemical staining was carried out on whole-mount preparations of guinea-pigs' ampulla region.The myoelectric activities of SO were recorded by using the contact electrode on mucosa.Result C-Kit-positive ICLC were observed in both exterior and inner wall of ampulla.Some of these cells were distributed in the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle cell(SMC) layers assuming a spindle-like shape.Another sub-group of ICLC,which were located between the longitudinal and circular SMC layers,were shown to have oval or triangle cell bodies with projection of more than three long processes.These cells interlaced into a cellular network,closely resembling the interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs),around the myenteric nervous plexus(ICC-MY) in the duodenum.At the inner side of circular SMC layer of the exterior wall,ICLC were similar to ICCs associated with the deep muscular plexus(ICC-DMP) of small intestine.In the inner wall of the ampulla,a large amount of ICLC were found in the SMC layers or bundles,running parallel with them.At the opening of the ampulla,a number of ICLC surrounded the opening to form a ring.The spontaneous rhythmic myoelectric activities could be recorded in the SO.Conclusion It is suggested that the ICLC might contribute to the regulation of the spontaneous rhythmic contraction,and it might be related to development of motility disorders of the SO.

Object To develop the gene resources of Jilin Shuangyang sika deer,a rare animal in China and reveal the pharmacological functions of deer medicinal material on the molecular level. Methods A cDNA plasmid library of spleen cells derived from Shuangyang sika deer was set up. Some housekeeping genes were cloned and analyzed. Results One of the cDNA sequences and it's deduced amino acid sequence in deer share high homology with a group of cDNA sequences encoding ribosomal protein L27 in human,rat,Canis and mouse and their corresponding amino acid sequence respectively. It has the completed open reading frame as well. Conclusion A novel full-length cDNA encoding Shuangyang sika deer ribosomal protein L27 is discovered. This sequence has been deposited in Genbank under accession number AF373231.

Many diseases are associated with vitamin D deficiency.Serum 25 (OH)D levels can serve as objective indicators of the nutritional status of vitamin D.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method may be applied for routine measurement of 25 ( OH ) D levels in clinical practice.This article reviewed the significance of detecting 25 (OH) D2 and 25 (OH) D3,compared the advantages and disadvantages of different 25 (OH) D measurement methods,and introduced the application of LC-MS method for routine detection of serum 25 (OH) D2 and 25 (OH) D3 levels following the standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology of America.

Objective To study the influence of unilateral and bilateral amplification on the effect of hearing aid evaluation .Methods Using the subjective method that International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) and objective method that medium acoustic intensity (65 dB SPL) word recognition score(WRS) to evaluate the effect of unilateral and bilateral hearing aid fitting of middle -aged severe sensorneural hearing loss .Results Hearing aid were used for severe sensorneural hearing loss and the improvement of monosyllables and sentences in quiet and noise test of unilateral were 35 .73% ,43 .15% ,43 .23% ;the improvement of monosyllables and sentences in quiet and noise test of bilateral were 37 .90% ,51 .33% ,54 .86% .The WRS of bilateral was higher than unilater-al .The score of IOI-HA was 15~37 ,meaning patients with severe sensorneural hearing loss were satisfied with hearing aid ,and there was no statistical significance between unilateral and bilateral fitting .Conclusion The bilat-eral hearing aid fitting was better than unilateral .Binaural hearing loss are recommended to fit bilaleral hearing aids .

Objective To evaluate the effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) on contractile and diastolic functions of the thoracic aorta of rats with obstructive jaundice.Methods Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),GSH group,bile duct ligation group (group BDL),and GSH + bile duct ligation group (group GSH + BDL).In GSH and GSH + BDL groups,GSH 300 mg/kg was infused via stomach everyday for 7 consecutive days,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in the other two groups.The common bile duct was ligated in the animals on 1 d after the end of intragastric administration in GSH and GSH + BDL groups.In GSH and GSH + BDL groups,after the model was established,GSH 300 mg/kg was infused via stomach everyday for 7 consecutive days,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in the other two groups.On 7th day after the model was extablished,blood samples were collected for determination of the levels of serum total bilirubin (TB),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-lβ (IL-1β) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT),malondialdehyde (MDA),nitric oxide (NO) and GSH.The thoracic aortic rings were obtained and perfused with different concentrations of norepinephrine (NE),acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).The maximum contraction and dilatation of aortic rings were recorded and the percentage was calculated.Some thoracic aortic rings were obtained again and perfused with different concentrations of NE after removal of the endothelium or after being perfused with L-NAME (nitricoxide synthase inhibitor).The maximum contraction of aortic rings was recorded and the percentage was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the serum levels of TB,ALT,AST,TNF-α,IL-1β,MDA,3-NT,NO and GSH were significantly increased in group BDL,and the serum levels of TB,ALT,AST,MDA,GSH and NO were increased in group BDL + GSH,the percentage of the maximum contraction amplitude of aortic rings in response to NE was decreased,and the percentage of the maximum dilatation amplitude of aortic rings in response to Ach and SNP were decreased in groups BDL and BDL + GSH,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group GSH.Compared with group BDL,the serum levels of TB,ALT,AST,TNF-α,IL-1β,MDA,3-NT and NO were significantly decreased,the level of GSH was increased,the percentage of the maximum contraction amplitude of aortic rings in response to NE was increased,the percentage of the maximum dilatation amplitude of aortic rings in response to Ach was increased,and no significant change was found in the percentage of the maximum dilatation amplitude of aortic rings in response to SNP in group BDL + GSH.Compared with the aortic rings from which the endothelium was removed or which were perfused with L-NAME in group BDL,no significant change was found in the percentage of the maximum contraction amplitude of aortic rings after removal of the endothelium or after being perfused with L-NAME in response to NE in group BDL + GSH.Conclusion GSH can improve the contractile and diastolic functions of thoracic aorta of rats with obstructive jaundice and this effect depends on the vascular endothelium.

Objective To observe the migration and distribution of OECs in injured spinal cord and discuss their relation with the recovery of spinal cord function. Methods The rats were contused by a force of 10 g · 25 mm with NYU-impactor at T10 level. The OECs acutely isolated from green fluorescence protein (GFP) rats were purified, identified and then transplanted into the injured site and the rostral and caudal parts of the spinal cord one week after injury, with total volume of the transplanted OECs for 90 000/μl. Within 13 weeks after transplantation, the migration and distribution of OECs were qualitatively observed on the cryo-sections under fluorescence light microscope. The area and the length of OECs distribution were semi-quantitatively determined. The locomotor function of the spinal cord was appraised by BBB score. Results OECs were located collectively in the transplanted site at early stage after transplantation and then spread gradually mainly along the long axis of the cord. OECs could be found in the cavity of the contused spinal cord. The area and the length of OECs distribution were increased from 1.33 mm2 and 4.23 mm respectively at one week to 3.30 mm2 and 7.68 mm respectively at 13 weeks after transplantation. In the meantime, the locomotor function was gradually improved. Conclusion OECs can migrate within the contused spinal cord, as may contribute to the recovery of locomotor function.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between intracranial hyperintense vessel sign (HVS) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR) and the degree of the stenosis of internal carotid artery (ICA).The effect of carotid endarterectomy(CEA) on HVS was assessed.Methods A retrospective analysis of MR FLAIR sequence and cerebral-cervical computed tomography angiography(CTA) was performed in 1 total of 491 patients.Of the 491 patients,41 treated with CEA were evaluated using their pre-and post-operative image data.Patients were divided into ICA stenosis group and non-stenosis group according to the CTA imaging findings.The ICA stenosis group was subdivided into unilateral group and bilateral stenosis group.Furthermore,we measured and graded the ICA of the unilateral stenosis group into seven stenotic degrees,they were＜50％(n=40),50％-＜60％(n=15),60％-＜70％(n=17),70％-＜80％ (n=6),80％-＜90％ (n=7),90％-＜100％ (n=23),100％ (n=24),respectively.Chi square test was used to analyze the occurrence rates of HVS between ICA stenosis and non-stenosis group,and between ICA unilateral and bilateral stenosis group,respectively.Spearman rank correlation was performed to evaluate the correlation between the presence of HVS and stenotic degrees of the ICA.For the 41 patients who underwent CEA,pre-and post-operative image data were compared,focusing on the presence or disappearance of the HVS on MR FLAIR imaging.Results HVS on FLAIR images were observed in 81 of 177 patients(45.76％) with ICA stenosis,and in 59 of 314 patients(18.79％) without ICA stenosis.The occurrence rate of HVS was significantly higher in patients with ICA stenosis than those without ICA stenosis (x2=40.40,P＜0.01).There was no statistical significance in the occurrence rates of HVS between ICA unilateral stenosis group and bilateral stenosis group(x2=0.24,P＞0.05).The occurrence rates of HVS of ICA graded as the seven stenotic degrees were 22.00％(8/40),26.67％(4/15),35.29％(6/17),33.33％ (2/6),42.86％ (3/7),69.57％ (16/23),83.33％ (20/24),respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between the occurrence rates of HVS and the degrees of ICA stenosis(r=0.964,P＜0.01).HVS disappeared in 19(86.36％) out of 22 patients with HVS on pre-operative MR images after CEA in The remaining HVS in 3(13.64％) patients was attributed to the failure of completely recanalization of ICA.Conclusions A close relationship exists between HVS and ICA stenosis.The presence of HVS indicates a high probability of the existence of severe ICA stenosis.A further assessment for ICA stenosis is warranted.HVS disappearance after successful CEA indicates that HVS can be a useful marker for the the evaluation of consequence associated with CEA.

Objective To observe the effect of duration of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on coagulation, fibrinolysis and endothelial activation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods The 45 elderly patients with cholelithiasis scheduled for LC, aged over 60 yeas, were placed in different groups respectively after surgery according to the duration of pneumoperitoneum. The duration of pneumoperitoneum was ≤60 minutes in group A (n=21),and more than 60 minutes in group B (n=24). Venous blood samples were taken on admission (baseline), at the end of surgery, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after surgery for determination of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin fragment F1+2 (F1+2), antithrombin 3 (AT-Ⅲ activity), fibrinogen (Fib), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), D-dimer (D-D), von Willebrand factor (vWF activity). Results Concerning the coagulation activation, at the 3rd postoperative day, the level of F1+2 was significantly higher in group B than in group A [(1.60±0.26) μg/L vs. (1.32±0.24) μg/L, P＜0.05]; AT-III was significantly higher in group B than in group A [(84.82%±20.21%) vs. (97.49%±16.87%), P＜0.05]. At the 2nd and 3rd postoperative day, the levels of Fib were significantly higher in group B than in group A [(3.87±0.62) g/L vs. (3.42±0.72) g/L, (3.98±0.77) g/L vs. (3.42±0.63) g/L, respectively, P＜0.05]. Concerning fibrinolysis, But at the 2nd and 3rd postoperative day, the level of PAI-1 was significantly higher in group B than in group A [(33.93±10.42) μg/L vs. (26.69±9.49) μg/L, (32.90±11.25) μg/L vs. (26.31±7.06) μg/L respectively, P＜0.05]. Concerning endothelial activation, at the 2nd and 3rd postoperative day, vWF was significantly higher in group B than in group A [(174.53%±44.03%) vs. (134.37%±37.74%), (176.31%±47.6%) vs. (131.21%±36.34%), respectively, P＜0.05]. Conclusions Marked activations of coagulation-fibrinolysis and endothelial activation are observed postoperatively in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Along with prolonged duration of pneumoperitoneum, more pronounced alterations of increased coagulation, reduced fibrinolysis and endothelial activation are observed, which could constitute an imbalanced situation of coagulation-fibrinolysis and increases the risk of venous thrombosis.