OBJECTIVE:To explore the implementation methods of drug price reform in China. METHODS:Current condi-tion and disadvantages of drug price mechanism in China were analyzed,the problems of the implementation of drug price reform were concluded and summarized,and the implementation methods of drug price reform were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:Current condition and disadvantages of drug price mechanism in China are mainly reflected as failure of policy for maxi-mum retail price causes part of drugs to be overpriced;government-led centralized procurement of drugs results in that part of drugs are underpriced;the defects in the regulation of drug price addition rate leads to hospitals’procurement of drugs at higher price;government’s excessive interference in drug price affects the fair competition and sound development of pharmaceutical in-dustry. However,there are some problems for drug price reform,including unsound drug distribution system,a lack of fair compe-tition in modern drug market,excessive centralization of power of medical insurance authorities,absent public participation and so-cial supervision,and the“practice of using pharmacy profits to subsidize medical services”leading to wrong medical behavior. These measures were suggested to resolve above problems,i.g. reform the drug distribution system,foster modern drug market,es-tablish a medical insurance authorities-led mechanism for drug price negotiation in which multiple interest parties participate,and develop drug retail enterprises gradually replacing the outpatient pharmacies in hospitals to separate medical services from pharma-ceutical services.

Objective:To investigate the role of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods:Rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were established.24hours later,the expression of NF-?B in rat brain of sham-operation group,operation group and intervention group was detected with immunohistochemistry method,Cytokin-induced neutrophil chemotactics(CINC)in rat brain were measured and histopathological examinations were conducted on the hippocampal CAl.Results:The expression of NF-?B p65 and CINC in the operation group increased significantly compared with the sham-operation group(P

Objective:To study the effect of roadside dust inhalable particulate matter on airway inflammation in rats.Methods:Particles at roadside were collected,analyzed and PM10-treat model of rats were established.Lung tissue histopathology was observed.The counts of total leukocytes and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathion peroxidase(GSH-Px),malondiadehyde(MDA),cytokin-induced neutrophil chemotactics(CINC)in lung homogenate were measured.Results:The counts of total leukocytes,macrophages and neutrophils in PM10-treat group were increased significantly than those in control group(P

Objective: To investigate the effects of the tandem repeat polymorphisms in the enhancer region (ER) of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and the 6-bp deletion/insertion (del6/ins6) polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of TS gene on the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: One hundred and sixteen patients with gastric cancer were treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. The polymorphisms of TSER and TS 3′ -UTR in those patients were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Of the 116 patients, the frequencies of the TSER 2R/2R, 2R/3R and 3R/3R were 7.8% (9/116), 31.9% (37/116), and 60.3% (70/116), respectively; the frequencies of the TS3′-UTR ins6/ins6, ins6/del6 and del6/del6 were 9.5% (11/116), 41.4% (48/116) and 49.1% (57/116), respectively. The median survival period in ins6/ins6 carriers was significantly shorter than that of del6/del6 (P = 0.017) or ins6/del6 (P = 0.022) carriers. There was no significant difference in median relapse-free survival period between different TSER carriers (P > 0.05). COX multivariate analysis showed that the ins6/ins6 carriers had increased death risk (P <0.05) compared to the other two genotypes. The median no-recurrence survival period had no statistical difference between them. Conclusion: The polymorphism of TS 3 UTR ins6/del6 may be an independent factor for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Emergency Treatment ; methods ; Humans ; Seizures ; therapy ; Status Epilepticus ; therapy

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; Coronary Vessels ; surgery ; Humans

Objective To develop a PC-based system for simultaneous monitoring of locomotor and sound activities on small rodents. Methods The displacement and location signals of the animal were first determined across consecutive video-frames, followed by marked data reduction to cater for long-term studies. At the same time, sounds generated by the animal were detected and the sound level was recorded as root-mean-square values at 1-sec intervals. Results Preliminary data showed that such a multi-parametric monitor system could provide comprehensive information on the animal's activity.Conclusion It can be applied in many study field.

It is confirmed that expression of gastrins in some colorectal neoplasms cells and their tissue is abnormal. The abnormal expression of gastrins have close relationship with the occurrence and the develop-ment of colorectal neoplasms. Gastrins binding with receptor can regulate ceramides content and promote cells proliferation by series of signal transduction pathways. Blocking these signal transduction pathways may provide a novel therapeutic approach for colorectal neoplasms prevention and treatment.

Objective: To explore the advantages and evaluate feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection under mastoscopy for patients with early stage breast cancer in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: 200 patients with breast cancer stage I and II diagnosed by breast surgery were divided into observation group (100 cases) and control group (100 cases) as different surgery method. The patients of observation group were treated by SLN biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection under mastoscopy, while those of control group were treated by traditional open surgery. To analyze the detection rate and accuracy rate, and compare the bleeding volume during operation, the operation time and hospitalization time between the two groups. And series of indexes, such as incidence of post-operative complication, recurrence rate and good appearance rate of breast were compared between the two groups. Results: The difference of accuracy rate between the two groups was no significant. The incidence of complication, good appearance rate of breast and recurrence rate of observation group were, respectively, 4%, 92% and 4%. And the differences between those results of observation group and those of control group were significant (x2=25.25, x2=16.61, x2=170.40; P<0.05). Other some indexes, such as the bleeding volume during operation, the operation time and hospitalization time, the differences between observation group and control group also were significant (t=9.73, t=13.86, t=11.66; P<0.05). Conclusion:Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection under mastoscopy are feasibility in clinical practice based on its series advantages, such as better detection rate, lower incidence of complication, better protection for breast appearance and so on.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection conditions of human papillomavirus-16(HPV-16) and-18(HPV-18) in 382 healthy women and 118 uterine cervicitis and vaginitis women.METHODS Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR) was used to detect HPV-16 and HPV-18 in 382 healthy women and 118 uterine cervicitis and vaginitis women.RESULTS In 382 healthy women,two samples were HPV-16 positive,and one sample was HPV-18 positive,with 0.52% and 0.26%,respectively.In 118 uterine cervicitis and vaginitis women,eight samples were HPV-16 positive,and three samples were HPV-18 positive,with 6.78% and 2.54%,respectively.This study made a comparison of the positive rate of HPV-16 and HPV-18 between healthy women group and uterine cervicitis and vaginitis women group.There were marked differences between these two groups(P