Objective To investigate elder′s subjective well‐being(SWB) before they move into nursing home ,so as to pro‐vide reference for personalized care plan .Methods Basic information scale ,Memorial University of Newfound land Scale of Happi‐ness(MUNSH) ,Activities of Daily Living (ADL) ,UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA) ,and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depres‐sion Scale(CES‐D) were used to investigate 162 aged people .Results There was no significant difference in gender ,career ,educa‐tion background and pension(P> 0 .05) .In 71 and above age group ,the SWB was higher than in the 60 - 70 age group(P< 0 .05) and in marriage group ,it was higher than the divorced group and widowed group (P< 0 .05) .SWB was positively related to self‐care ability ,in completely normal group and decreased function group were also statistically higher than what in obvious function obsta ‐cle group(P< 0 .05) .The score of SWB was negatively correlated with loneliness and depression scores .In normal group ,it was higher than loneliness group(P< 0 .05) .As the depression score increased ,the score of SWB gradually decreased .Compared with the normal group ,SWB in depression group ,maybe depression group and critical group decreased markedly (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Elders′ SWB is influenced by many factors .Besides providing life care ,more attention should pay to the mental health of old people , giving them personalized care .

The present study was aimed to explore the relationship of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta3 gene SfaNI polymorphism (rs3917201 locus) and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in people of the Uygur's Nationality and Han's in Xinjiang, China. TGFbeta3 gene fragment including SfaNI was amplified and purified as the template of the primer extension reaction thenafter. The single base extension reaction was carried out u sing SNP specific extension primer. The products were purified and analyzed by MALDI-TOF. The test showed that there were not significantly different frequencies of AA, AG, GG genotypes and alleles between the whole NSCL/P group and the whole control group (P > 0.05). Within the Uygurs or Hans, the frequencies of genotypes between the whole NSCL/P group and the whole control group were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The distributions of the A, G alleles between the NSCL/P group and the control group were not significantly different within the Uygurs (P > 0.05), but significant different within the Hans (P < 0.05). In all the NSCL/P patients, frequencies of genotypes and alleles were not significantly different between Uygurs and Hans (P > 0.05), and not significantly different (P > 0.05) either between Uygurs and Hans in all the healthy persons. The results proved that TGFbeta3 gene SfaNI polymorphism may not be related to NSCL/P in Xinjiang Uygur people, while the occurrence of NSCL/P in Han population may be related to frequency of the A and G allele of SfaNI polymorphism.
Alleles ; China ; Cleft Lip ; ethnology ; genetics ; Cleft Palate ; ethnology ; genetics ; Ethnic Groups ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Transforming Growth Factor beta3 ; genetics

Objective To develop an anatomically based method of accurate pedicle screw insertion for cervical spine fixation. Methods Forty adult cervical spine were mounted onto a specially designed jig. Parameters including height, width, length, and axis angulation of pedicles,depth of lateral fovea, height of superior posterior border of arcus vertebrae and angles of posterior articular prominance as well were mea sured with vernier calibre or goniometer either directly or radiographically. Results Lateral fovea did exist in all C2-C7 vertebrea. The pedicles of the cervical spine were wide and long enough to accept 28 mm long 3.5 mm screws. The abduction angle of the screw was 20? at the C1 level, 25? superiorly and 44? inferiorly at the C2 level, 45? to 47? from level C3 to C5, and 40? from level C6 to C7. The angle of posterior plane of articular mass was minus 2.30? at C3,it was 2.32? to 2.42? from level C4 to C6, and it was 15.22? at C7. The stability of cervical spine fixation and neurological improvement were satisfactory. Conclusion Transpedic ular screw fixation for the cervical spine is practicable. Anatomical symbol of the superior posterior border of the arcus vertebrae and the posterior plane of articular mass and the lateral fovea is easy to be exposed and identified in the operation. Transpedicular screw can be precisely inserted easily and safely for the cervical spine fixation with limited exposure and without using fluoroscopic guidance.

To compare posterior choroidal thickness in high myopia amblyopia eyes at different points to high myopia and normal eyes of Chinese children and investigate the relationships between choroidal thickness, axial length and age.METHODS: Fifty Chinese children (65 eyes) with age 4~15 years ( mean 9. 91 ± 3. 41 years) were recruited. By atropine optometry they were divided into high myopia amblyopia group ( 24 eyes ) , high myopia group ( 19 eyes ) , and normal group ( 22 eyes ) . Choroidal scans were obtained for all eyes using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( EDl-OCT) . Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), macular thinkness, choroidal thickness and retinal thickness at 0. 5, 1. 0, 1. 5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0mm superior (S, 12:00 position), temporal ( T, 9:00 position) , inferior ( l, 6:00 position) , nasal ( N, 3:00 position) were measured. Meanwhile, axial lengths of all eyes were measured by A-Scan. RESULTS: Compared high myopia group and emmetropia group, SFCT and the thickness of choroids on each position were thinnest in high myopic amblyopia group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). There was a significant negative correlation between SFCT and axial length in high myopic amblyopia group (r=-0. 531, R2 =0. 282, F=7. 476, P=0. 013), with no relative in age (r=-0. 292, R2=0. 085, F=2. 044, P=0. 167).CONCLUSlON: The choroidal thickness thinning in high myopic amblyopia shows a negative correlation with axial length.

·AlM:To investigate the retinal thickness change of high myopia amblyopic children, so as to discuss the relationships between the retinal thickness of central fovea of macula and the factors of axis oculi and age. · METHODS:Thirty-nine children ( 65 eyes ) with the average age of ( 9.91 3.41 ) years were recruited.All eyes were ruled out the pathological changes of fundus diseases and front section. After a tropine optometry, they were divided into three groups: high myopia amblyopic group ( 24 eyes ) , high myopia group ( 19 eyes) and normal group ( 22 eyes ) .Retinal scans were obtained for all eyes using Heidelberg optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . Subfoveal macular thickness, retinal thickness at 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm superior ( S, 12∶00 position), temporal (T, 9∶00 position), inferior (l, 6∶00 position) and nasal (N, 3∶00 position) from the fovea were measured and axial length was also surveyed by A -ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate retinal thickness at each location and to correlate subfoveal macular thickness with axial length and age.
·RESULTS:The average subfoveal macular thinkness of the high myopia amblyopic group was thinner than high myopia group but thicker than normal group.There was no statistical difference between three groups (P>0.05). Retinal thickness inferior to the fovea at 0.5mm temporal and superior to the fovea in the high myopia amblyopic group at 1.0mm temporal were both thinner than normal group which had statistically significant ( P <0.05 ). Retinal thickness on nasal, superior, temporal, and inferior at 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm from the fovea were measured, high myopia amblyopic group were the thinnest in the three groups, and there was statistically significant between three groups ( P<0.05). There was no correlation between the average subfoveal macular thickness and axial length, age in high myopia amblyopic group.
· CONCLUSlON:There are significant abnormalities of macula retinal structure in high myopia amblyopic children.

AIM: To research the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness change in high myopia amblyopic children and to discuss the relationships among RNFL thickness, axial length and age.
METHODS:Thirty-five Chinese children (59 eyes) with a mean age of ( 9. 59 ±2. 90 ) years were recruited. All eyes were ruled out the pathological changes of fundus diseases and front section. By atropine optometry after they were divided into: high myopia amblyopia group (22 eyes), high myopia group (15 eyes), normal group (22 eyes) . RNFL scans were obtained for all eyes using optical coherence tomography and axial length was also surveyed by A - ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate RNFL thickness at each location with axial length and age.
RESULTS:The peripapillary RNFL thickness in temporal of high myopia amblyopia group was thinner than that in
high myopia group, and thicker than that in normal group. The peripapillary RNFL thickness in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were thinner than those in high myopia and normal gruops. The peripapillary RNFL thickness in inferior and average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were significantly thinner than those of high myopia (P<0. 05). The peripapillary RNFL thickness in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were significantly thinner than those of normal (P<0. 01). The peripapillary RNFL thickness in temporal of high myopia group was significantly thicker, and in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness were significantly thinner than those of normal (P<0. 05). The thickness of peripapillary RNFL in inferior showed a negative correlation with axial length in high myopia amblyopia group (R=0. 474, R2=0. 225, F=4. 933, P=0. 040). The thickness of peripapillary RNFL in superior showed a negative correlation with axial length in high myopia group (R=0. 642, R2=0. 412, F=9. 104,P=0. 010). These were no correlation between the peripapillary RNFL thickness and age in high myopia amblyopia, myopia amblyopia and normal.
CONCLUSION:There are significant abnormalities of retinal structure in high myopia amblyopia.

Objective To reinvestigate the high performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC)method for solving the problem of difficulty in separating between ginsenoside-Re and notoginsenoside-R1,and to establish a specific,fast and economic routine identification and quality assessment method for Notoginseng(San Qi).Methods Chromatographic conditions were as follows:stationary phase-precoated HPTLC silica gel 60 plate(20? 10 cm,Merck);developing solvent system:CH2Cl2-absolute ethanol-water(70 ∶ 45 ∶ 6.5);relative humidity:lower than 18 % ;temperature:10～ 25 ℃ ;derivative reagent:10 % H2SO4 ethanolic solution,heating at 105 ℃ for 3 min and observing the fluorescent chromatogram in a UV cabinet at 366 nm.Results The HPTLC fingerprint consisted of 10 fluorescent bands(peaks in the profile)including ginsenoside-Rb1,Rd,Re,Rg1 and notoginsenoside-R1,which presented the relative consistent ratio of the main peaks generated from the image of the chemical components distribution pattern through scanning by TLC scanner or computer-aided similarity evaluation(CASE)software.Conclusion Notoginsenoside-R1,the specific component of San Qi,is spotlighted in the HPTLC image and separated from ginenoside-Re,which indicates HPTLC method being simple,fast,and effective.The HPTLC fingerprints of 24 batches of samples from different locations(Wenshan of Yunnan,Xinyi of Guangdong)and markets,with different grades show the high chemical stabilities of this Dammarane-type saponins distribution.

Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Formates ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Workplace

Objective To observe the photocoagulation treatment effect of using 532 semiconductor laser in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy .Methods A total of 50 cases(95 eyes) of nonproliferative and proliferative dia betic retinopathy received local retinal photocoagulation ,grid photocoagulation or panretinal photocoagulation treatment carried out by 532 semiconductor laser .We observed visual acuity ,slit lamp biomicroscopy ,intraocular pressure ,oph-thalmoscopy,fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).These patients were followed up for 6 months after laser treatment .Results Among the 95 eyes,visual acuity was improved in 36 eyes (37.9%),unchanged in 52 eyes(54.7%) and decreased in 7 eyes(7.4%).Among the 26 eyes with clinical signifi-cant macular edema ( CSME ) , macular edema was resolved completely or partly resolved after photocoagulation . Conclusion Photocoagulation with 532 semiconductor laser in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy was safe and ef-fective.

[Abstract ] Objective High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is abundantly released in the epileptogenic brain tissue , but few reports are seen about the effect of HMGB 1 on the expression of P-glycoprotein ( P-gp) in the vascular endothelial cells of the epi-leptogenic tissue .This study is to explore whether HMGB 1 can regulate P-gp expression in the brain microvascular endothelial cells of the mouse in vitro . Methods Immortalized brain microvascular endothelial bEnd .3 cells of the mouse were cultured in vitro and al-located to different concentration groups ( treated with culture medium containing 10 , 100 , 500 , and 1000 ng/mL HMGB1 for 8 hours), treatment duration groups (treated with culture medium containing 100 ng/mL HMGB1 for 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 hours), and a control group ( treated with culture medium without HMGB 1 ) .The mRNA expression of P-gp-encoding gene-multidrug resistance gene 1a (mdr1a) was detected by real-time qPCR, and its protein expression determined by Western blot and immunocytochemistry . Results The results of qPCR manifested that the expressions of mdr 1a mRNA were 1.646 ±0.176, 1.777 ±0.135, 1.617 ±0.043, and 1.398 ±0.182 in the 10, 100, 500, and 1000 ng/mL HMGB1 groups, respectively, significantly higher than 1.030 ±0.284 in the control group (P<0.05), and so were those in the 4, 8, 16, 24 h, and 32 h groups (2.655 ±0.112, 2.168 ±0.212, 1.823 ± 0.232, 1.418 ±0.376, and 1.445 ±0.123) than in the control (1.010 ±0.164) (P <0.05).Western blot showed a significant increase in the P-gp protein expression in all the concentration groups (P<0.05) as well as in the 8 h and 16 h treatment duration groups as compared with the control group (P<0.05).Immunocytochemis-try also revealed a higher P-gp expression in the HMGB1-treated than in the control cells (P<0.01). Conclusion HMGB1 can upregu-late the expressions of mdr1a mRNA and P-gp protein in the brain microvascular endothelial cells of the mouse , which may associated with drug resistance of central nervous system diseases , especially that of epilepsy .