Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( CA-MRSA ) has been increasingly frequently isolated from patients worldwide, and is an emerging threat to public health.CA-MRSA strains differ from hospital-acquired MRSA strains in their epidemiologies, clinical features and genetic backgrounds, and the predominant CA-MRSA strains vary between geographic settings.This paper reviews literatures on the definition, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and virulent factors of CA-MRSA or CA-MRSA infection, and points out that we should further promote studies on epidemiology, molecular genetic properties of CA-MRSA and clinical management of CA-MRSA infection.

Objective: To investigate the relation of diabetic encephalopathy with oxidative stress and hippocampus expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in rats and to study the therapeutic effects of curcumin. Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection of Streptozotocin in rats. The experiment animals were randomly divided into control group, diabetic group, diabetes plus curcumin group and control plus curcumin group; animals in the latter two groups received 60 mg·kg-1·d-1 curcumin treatment. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), malondialdehyde(MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the hippocampal tissues were measured 12 weeks after treatment. The expression of iNOS mRNA and the mean optical density (MOD) of immunoreactive neurons were evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method, respectively. Results: Compared with the control group, diabetic group had significantly lower activities of SOD and CAT, higher contents of NO and MDA, and increased expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in the hippocampal tissues (P<0.01). Compared with the diabetic group, diabetic plus curcumin group had significantly higher activities of SOD and CAT, lower contents of NO and MDA and decreased expression of iNOS mRNA and the MOD of immunoreactive neurons in hippocampus (P<0.01). Conclusion: Diabetic encephalopathy is associated with oxidative stress and increased expression of iNOS; curcumin may protect diabetic encephalopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress and down-regulating the iNOS expression.

Objective To observe the effects on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) of multichannel functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the legs based on a normal walking pattern,and to compare the effects with two-channel functional electrical stimulation.Methods Thirteen healthy young volunteers (6males and 7 females) were randomly assigned to receive 2 sessions of either two-channel FES for 30 minutes or four-channel FES for 15min with a 3-day interval between the two treatment sessions.The latencies and amplitudes of the N9 and P40 SEPs were recorded before and after every treatment.All the treatments were carried out on the right lower limbs.Results Thirteen healthy young volunteers (6males and 7 females) were randomly assigned to receive 2 sessions of either two-channel FES for 30 minutes or four-channel FES for 15 min with a 3-day interval between the two treatment sessions.The latencies and amplitudes of the N9 and P40 SEPs were recorded before and after every treatment.All the treatments were carried out on the right lower limbs.Conclusions The N9 latency with four-channel FES is remarkably shorter than that with two-channel FES on the legs of healthy young subjects,suggesting that multichannel functional electrical stimulation based on the normal human walking pattern can activate brain cells faster.

During the period of peri-operation on gallbladder,T2MD patients with calculous cholecystitis were randomly divided into groups of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII,n=32),multiple subcutaneous insulin injection(MSII,n=48) and OHA(n=64).It is found that CSII has better glucose control than MSII and OHA.

Objective:The drug resistance of E.coli to fluoroquinolones is getting stronger in the recent years.This study aimed at the drug resistance of E.coli induced by fluoroquinolones in vitro,so as to provide a guidance for the rational use of antibiotics and effective control of nosocomial infections.Methods: Drug resistance was induced in vitro by a multi-step method in 10 strains of E.coli from clinical isolates with Ciprofloxacin,Levofloxacin and Gatifloxacin.The minimal inhibition concentration(MIC) of the E.coli was determined by the agar dilution method before and after the induction.Results: After in vitro induction,the E.coli acquired a high resistance(MIC ≥ 128 ?g/ml).And one drug could induce different degrees of resistance to the other two.Conclusion: The MIC of the E.coli induced by fluoroquinolones in vitro was increased by 8 to 8 205 folds compared with that before induction,which demonstrated a gradually developed resistance of E.coli strains to fluoroquinolones.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of metformin. Methods The changes of protein expression of IRS-1 in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues after treatment with metformin for OLETF rats, a model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus, were measured by Western blot analysis, and compared with those before treatment. Results 22 weeks after the treatment with metformin, the protein expression of IRS-1 was significantly increased in liver (P0. 05) ;and the protein expression of IRS-1 in adipose tissue was significantly decreased (P

Objective To analyze, the risk factors and related psychological factors in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)and survey the curative effect. Methods All of 200 outpatients with GERD(GERD group) and 200 healthy persons (control group)from January 2006 to January 2008 were randomly selected, and the personal data were investigated. The GERD questionnaire (RDQ) and the Zung-self-rating depression scale (SDS) test were used. Results In GERD group, the proportions of high education, city living, marriage instability ,heavy working pressure, high body mass index (BMI),smoking and drinking habit, peptic disease in family, using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were higher than those in control group (Pall < 0.01). After treatment, the patients in GERD group had lower scores in the RDQ and SDS test than those before treatment (P< 0.01). Conclusions There are many risk factors in patients with GERD, especially the psychological factors. The therapy of GERD should combine with psy-chotherapy and avoid high BMI, smoking, drinking and overusing the NSAID.

This paper is prepared to discuss the common issues in data management, such as building and training of data management team, standard operation procedure, document management, execution and communication, strategies to correct and prevent mistakes, and measures to improve the quality and efficiency of clinical trials and data management.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Collection ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; standards

DNA, Fungal ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin ; microbiology ; Tinea ; diagnosis ; microbiology

Objective To investigate the change of Th22 cells in peripheral blood of patients with Primary sjogren’s syndrome (pSS)and evaluate clinical significance.Methods 37 patients with pSS from January 2014 to November 2015 were enrolled the study as the observation group.Then 37 healthy adults receiving check-up during the same period were selected as con-trol groups in accordance with the proportion of 1∶1.Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the levels of Th22 cells in peripheral blood,and tenzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)was used to measure the serum IL-22 levels.Pearson analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between Th22 level and serum IL-22 level,C3,C4,anti-SSA,anti-SSB, ANA antibody,EULAR Sjogren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI)score in observation group.Then the levels of Th22 cells and serum IL-22 were compared among different labial gland pathologic stage in patients with pSS.Results The levels of Th22 cells and serum IL-22 in the observation group were (2.53±1.56)%,718.6±176.8 pg/ml respectively,and significantly higher than (1.24±0.51)%,258.9±72.4 pg/ml in control group (P<0.05).Th22 cell level was positively related with the level of serum IL-22,anti-SSA,anti-SSB and ESSDAI score,and negatively related with the content of C3 and C4 (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the levels of Th22 cells and serum IL-22 different labial gland pathologic stage in patients with pSS (P>0.05).Conclusion The levels of Th22 cells and serum IL-22 significantly in-creased in patients with pSS,and related to other inflammatory indexes and disease activity,so they may participate in the genesis and development of pSS.