Bone Neoplasms ; therapy ; Castleman Disease ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmacytoma ; therapy

[Summary] It has been believed that both environmental and genetic effects play roles in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Genetic factors may influence the effect of environmental factors on risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This review focused on the latest evidence of the interaction effect of genes and the environmental factors on type 2 diabetes.

Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Infant, Newborn

OBJECTIVETo explore different regulatory effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at the same acupoint on the heart and the stomach.

METHODSEighty male SD rats were randomly divided into eight groups equally, i.e., the Neiguan (PC6) group, the Quchi (LI11) group, the Tianshu (ST25) group, the Danzhong (RN17) group, the Zusanli (ST36) group, the Sanyinjiao (SP6) group, the Xinshu (BL15) group, and the Weishu (BL21) group, 10 in each group. The regulatory effects of EA (2/15 Hz, 3 mA, 2 min) at different acupoints on the gastric motility (intragastric pressure) and the cardiac function (the left ventricular pressure) were observed. The mean values of effect of two-min pre-EA and after-EA were compared.

RESULTSCompared with the pre-EA in the same group, the left ventricular pressure decreased in the Neiguan (PC6) group, the Quchi (LI11) group, the Danzhong (RN17) group, the Sanyinjiao (SP6) group, and the Xinshu (BL15) group (P <0.05). The intragastric pressure increased in the Quchi (LI11) group, the Zusanli (ST36) group, the Sanyinjiao (SP6) group, and the Xinshu (BL15) group, while it decreased in the Tianshu (ST25) group, the Danzhong (RN17) group, and the Weishu (BL21) group (P <0.05). The difference of the left ventricular pressure was sequenced from high to low as Xinshu (BL15) >Danzhong (RN17) >Neiguan (PC6) >Sanyinjiao (SP6) >Quchi (LI11). The difference of the intragastric pressure was sequenced from high to low as Tianshu (ST25) >Weishu (BL21) > Xinshu (BL15) > Danzhong (RN17) > Zusanli (ST36) > Sanyinjiao (SP6) > Quchi (LI11).

CONCLUSIONSEA at the same acupoint (2/15 Hz, 3 mA) showed different regulatory effects on the heart and stomach. There existed some difference in the direction and size due to the acupoint location, meridians, dominant nerve segment or relating organs. A fixed effect direction to the specific target was also shown.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Heart ; physiology ; Male ; Meridians ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach ; physiology

Chlorine ; Computer Simulation ; Computers, Analog ; Diffusion ; Software

Amounts of researches show that EPO is characterized with neurotrophic and neuroprotective manner, especially in brain stroke, which attracts a large numbers of researchers to study it. With the accumulating researches on its neuroprotection, many related mechanisms were revealed, such as antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, which suggests a multiple targets role of EPO on brain stroke. However, because of the high risk of thromboembolism in clinical administration of rhEPO and its analogs, the herbs are potential to be a replacer for its less side effects. Many researchers suggested that a larger of herbs were founded having the action of increasing the endogenous EPO in the model of anemia and cerebral ischemia. At the same time, there herbs were also proved that they had the action of against cerebral ischemia while some without considering the role of EPO in the reports. Considering of the action of promoting EPO of these herbs and the neural protection of EPO, this essay mainly summarizes the studies of herbs promoting EPO in the cerebral ischemia and discusses the mechanism of regulating the EPO of these herbs, for the aim of finding the potential drugs against cerebral ischemia.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythropoietin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neuroprotection ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To explore the variation trends of interleukin-1β( IL-1β) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in both normal and affected sides of brain tissues in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury and the therapeutic action of electroacupuncture.Methods The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established with suture embolization in the right middle cerebral artery.The rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and electroacupunture group.Each group was then divided into six subgroups by the time after operation (12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,144 h), ten rats in each subgroup. Frozen sections of brain tissues were prepared and the expression of IL-1βand ICAM-1 in brain tissues of both sides were detec-ted by immunohistochemistry.Results The expressions of IL-1βand ICAM-1 showed typical bimodal pattern in both affected is-chemic region and contralateral normal region.In the model group, the peaks of IL-1βin the cerebral ischemic region were at 12 h and 48 h, while in the contralateral normal region the peaks were at 12 h and 144 h, the expression of IL-1βin the ischemic region was significantly higher than that in the contralateral normal region at 48 h (P<0.05), and lower at 96 h and 144 h (P <0.05).In the electroacupuncture group, the expressions of IL-1βin the ipsilateral region were significantly lower than that in the contralateral region at 24 h, 48 h and 144 h (P<0.05).In the model group, the peaks of ICAM-1 in the cerebral ischemic regions were at 24 h and 72 h, while in the contralateral normal regions the peaks were at 24 h and 144 h.In the electroacupunc-ture group, the expressions of ICAM-1 in the ischemic regions were significantly lower than that in the contralateral normal re-gions at all the 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 144 h (P<0.05).Conclusions Our findings suggest that electroacupuncture may inhibit the inflammation of ischemia/reperfusion brain tissue through reducing the expression of IL-1βand ICAM-1 to relieve the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To identify mutations site and clinical characteristics of a familial hypercholesterolemia(FH) proband diagnosed clinically through DNA sequencing and family analysis in the proband and his family members of 3 generations.Methods Blood samples and clinical data of the kindred of total 29 from 3 generations members were collected.Proband had a physical examination electrocar-diogrom and vascular ultrasound.The proband and his family members took routine clinical exams,and genomic DNA was isolated.The promoter region and the 18 exons of low density liporotein receptor(LDLR) gene were screened by Touch down polymerase chain reaction -single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing.The result of sequencing were matched gene sequence published in the BLAST database.Results 1.Increased intima-media thickness and plaque were detected in the common carotid artery,right subclavian artery of the proband.Aortic valve regurgitation was found by echocardiography.2.No mutation R3500Q of ApoB100 was observed.3.Two heterozygous mutations in exon 10 and 13 of LDLR gene (W462X and A606T) were identified.The proband and 5 members of paternal relatives showed W462X heterozygosis mutation in exon 10 of LDLR gene which introduced the change from tryptophone to a new stop codon.The proband's mother and grandmother harboured A606T heterozygous mutation in exon 13 of LDLR gene due to a single base pair substitution of G for A in the codon for residue 1 879.Conclusions Disease causing mutations of proband are W462X and A606T compound heterozygosis mutation in exon 10 and 13 of LDLR gene inherited from mother and father.Proband shows homozyous phenotype though the genotype analysis indicates heterozygous mutations.

OBJECTIVETo explore the dynamic change in biochemical markers of bone turnover in preterm infants and the effect of early parenteral calcium supply.

METHODSForty preterm infants were divided into parenteral calcium supply group and control group. Blood and urine samples were collected at 24 h and 11 d after birth. Serum osteocalcin (OC) was measured with ELISA, serum carboxyterminal telopeptide type I collagen (ICTP) with radioimmunoassay, serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), calcium, phosphate, and urine calcium, phosphate, creatinine with automatic biochemical analyzer. Blood samples were also collected from 22 term infants as control. Calcium gluconate (10%, 4 ml/kg x d(-1)) was administered intravenously in parenteral calcium supply group.

RESULTAt 24 h, serum AKP, ICTP [(147.86+/- 44.87)IU, (57.36+/- 6.34)micro g/L] in preterm infants were significantly higher than those [(147.86+/- 44.87)IU, (57.36+/- 6.34)micro g/L] in term infants, and negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight (r =-0.528, P<0.01; -0.614, P< 0.01), but serum OC [(648.77+/- 238.89) nmol/L] in preterm infants was lower than that [(851.68+/- 238.69)nmol/L] of term infants, and positively correlated with gestational age and birth weight (r=0.359, P< 0.05; 0.376, P< 0.01). At 11 day, serum OC [947.25+/- 335.47)nmol/L] in preterm infants was markedly elevated and reached the level of term infants [(941.65+/- 297.28)nmol/L], but serum ICTP [(65.44+/- 6.24)micro g/L] in preterm infants was higher than that [(57.10+/- 3.48)micro g/L] in term infants all along. Serum AKP [(246.00+/-66.64)IU] in parenteral calcium supply group was higher than that [(206.53+/- 53.9)IU] in the control group. There were no significantly differences in serum OC and ICTP between parenteral calcium supply group and the control group. Calcium in serum and urine was elevated, phosphate in serum and urine was reduced in the parenteral calcium supply group. Urine analysis and kidney ultrasounds were normal.

CONCLUSIONThere is active bone formation and bone resorption in preterms as compared with terms. Alone parenteral calcium supply during early life can not increase formation of bone protein or decrease degradation of bone collagen, but can elevate serum calcium and urine calcium levels. Hematuria and renal calcification were not found in short duration.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Calcium ; administration & dosage ; blood ; urine ; Collagen Type I ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Peptide Fragments ; blood ; Peptides ; Procollagen ; blood

Microscopic identification and NIRS methods were applied to identify Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma of two different origins. The results showed that both methods could identify the samples. NIRS could identify the two samples nondestructively, and provides a basis for establishment of a standard herbs radix clematidis NIRS fingerprint in the future.
China ; Clematis ; chemistry ; classification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods