Objective To understand postoperative experience for patients with relapsed bladder tumor and analyze its influence factors in order to supply references of postoperative nursing for nurses. Methods Patients with relapsed bladder tumot(10 cases) were interviewed and the obtained results underwent analysis and finishing thematically. Results Factors influencing postoperative experience included education haekground,whether having faith and hobbies or not,the disease,medical charge and pressure of future life.The supporting system came from family,group and society. Conclusions Nurses should strengthen mental care and health education based on patients' specific circumstances in order to improve postoperative quality of life.

Objective To study the effects of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPA?r) on the biological characteristics of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs); Methods The activated HSCs were divided into four groups: control group, rosiglitazone group, GW9662 + rosiglitazone group and GW9662 group. The cell proliferation was determined with MTT colorimetric assay, The cell apoptosis was studied with flow cytometry. The expression of PPA?r, Type I collagen were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Results MTT of HSCs in rosiglitazone group was (0. 49?0. 06) significantly lower than in control group ( 1. 00?0. 045 ), GW9662 group (0. 89?0. 043 ) , GW9662 + rosiglitazone group (0.78?0.049)(t = 15.59,14.68,8.07, P

Objective To study the mechanism of unscheduled Cyclin B1 expression at G_1 phase which is usually at G_2/M phase.Methods Human peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) from healthy volunteers were firstly activated by PHA and then went into cell cycle.The cells were collected at 0,36,48 and 60 h after activation and divided into two parts:one for Cyclins/DNA muhiparameter assay,and another for Post-sorting Western blot.Results After activation by PHA,Cyclin B1 and CDK1 of lymphocytes were expressed at G_1 phase.Conclusion Unscheduled Cyclin B1/CDKl probably contributes to lymphocytes in vivo into cell cycle.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the immunological mechanism of allergic dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene (TCE).

METHODSThe guinea pig model of TCE-induced allergic dermatitis was established by Guinea pig Maximization Test. The effects of TCE and its metabolites on splenic lymphocytes of TCE-sensitized and non-sensitized guinea pig were detected by MTT assay.

RESULTSFor TCE-sensitized guinea pig, the survival rate of lymphocytes cultured with TCE (+S9) was significantly higher than that cultured with TCE (-S9) (83.0% +/- 3.4% vs 75.9% +/- 7.9%, P < 0.01), while, for normal animals, the survival rate of lymphocytes cultured with TCE (+S9) was significantly lower than that cultured with TCE (-S9) (63.4% +/- 8.4% vs 77.0% +/- 7.2%, P < 0.01). The survival rate of lymphocytes cultured with TCE (+S9) in TCE-sensitized animals was higher than that in normal animals (83.0% +/- 3.4% vs 63.4% +/- 8.4%, P < 0.05), but no statistically significant difference was found for TCE (-S9) (75.9% +/- 7.9% vs 77.0% +/- 7.2%, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCytotoxicity of TCE to normal lymphocytes and proliferation of sensitized lymphocytes were enhanced by metabolic activation. The metabolites of TCE may act as effective immune hapten to stimulate the proliferation of hapten-specific lymphocytes in TCE-sensitized animals.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; etiology ; immunology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; drug effects ; Spleen ; drug effects ; immunology ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

BACKGROUNDMast cells are implicated in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is associated with the activation of the "neural-immune" system. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells in the remodeling of cholinergic and peptidergic neurotransmitters induced by acute cold restriction stress (ACRS) post infection (PI) using mast cell deficient rats (Ws/Ws) and their wild-type controls (+/+).

METHODSTransient intestinal infection was initiated by giving 1500 Trichinella spiralis (T.S.) larvae by gavage. ACRS was induced for 2 hours at day 100 PI. Samples of terminal ilea were prepared for H&E staining, mast cell counting and activation and assessment of IL-1beta and IL-10.

RESULTSWhen infected, both strains of rats experienced an acute infectious stage followed by a recovery. Histological scores were significantly higher in infected rats compared with those of the non-infected controls at day 10 PI (10 day-PI vs. control: +/+: 2.75+/-0.17 vs. 0.42+/-0.09; Ws/Ws: 2.67+/-0.67 vs. 0.50+/-0.34; P<0.01). In +/+ rats, post-infection ACRS induced the formation of low-grade inflammation, represented by the imbalance of IL-1beta and IL-10 (IL-1beta: PI+ACRS vs. control: (1812.24+/-561.61) vs. (1275.97+/-410.21) pg/g, P<0.05; IL-10: PI+ACRS vs. control: (251.9+/-39.8) vs. (255.3+/-24.7) pg/g, P>0.05), accompanied by hyperplasia and activation of mast cells (PI+ACRS vs. control: 58.8+/-19.2 vs. 28.0+/-7.6; P<0.01). The balance between acetylcholine (ACh) and substance P (SP) was also disturbed (ACh: PI+ACRS vs. control: (743.94+/-238.72) vs. (1065.68+/-256.46) pg/g, P<0.05; SP: PI+ACRS vs. control: (892.60+/-231.12) vs. (696.61+/-148.61) pg/g, P<0.05). Nevertheless, similar changes of IL-1beta/IL-10 and ACh/SP were not detected in Ws/Ws rats.

CONCLUSIONThe imbalance of ACh/SP, together with the activation of mucosal immunity induced by post-infection ACRS were lacking in mast cell deficient rats, which supports the premise that mast cells play an important role in cholinergic and peptidergic remodeling in the ileum of rats.

Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Intestines ; immunology ; metabolism ; parasitology ; Male ; Mast Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Trichinella spiralis ; physiology ; Trichinellosis ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the DNA and chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte of workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde (FA).

METHODSAll 151 workers occupationally exposed to FA from two plywood factories and 112 workers without occupational FA exposure working in a machine manufactory were recruited into this study. Comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique was used to evaluate the DNA and chromosomal damage of peripheral blood lymphocyte. The air FA samples were collected with SKC 224-PCXR8 air samplers. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the FA level. Personal information including occupational history, age, sex, smoking and drinking status was collected by the questionnaire.

RESULTSThe time weighted average concentration (TWA) of FA in the working environment of FA-exposed workers (range 0.10 - 7.88 mg/m(3)) was higher than those in controls (< 0.01 mg/m(3)). The olive tail moment (Olive TM) in low FA-exposed workers [3.03 (2.49 - 3.67)] was lower than that in high FA-exposed workers [3.95 (3.53 - 4.43)], but higher than that in controls [0.93 (0.78 - 1.10)], the differences were statistical significant (P < 0.05). Comet trail length in FA-exposed workers were significantly higher than that in controls [6.78 (6.05 - 7.60)], but no significant differences ware found between the high FA-exposed workers [12.59 (11.80 - 13.43)] and the low FA-exposed workers [11.25 (10.12 - 12.50)]. The frequency of micronuclei per 100 binucleated cells in low FA-exposed workers (0.41 +/- 0.25) was lower than that in high FA-exposed workers (0.65 +/- 0.36), but higher than that in controls (0.27 +/- 0.13), the differences were statistical significant (P < 0.05). The increased tendencies with the exposure levels were found in those three indices. In stratification analysis, the same results were found.

CONCLUSIONIn the current FA exposure levels, the DNA and chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte might be induced by FA exposure, and be increased with the levels of exposure.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; Formaldehyde ; analysis ; poisoning ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Micronucleus Tests ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Smoking ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the mRNA and protein expression of somatostatin receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma HCCLM3 cell lines and to explore the mechanism by which somatostatin effects on hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods RT-PCR., immunocytochemistry and MTT were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of somatostatin receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and evaluate the antiproliferative effect of somatostatin. Results The effect of somatostatin on the cellular proliferation was verified. Immunocytochemistry study revealed a mainly intracellular distribution of all SSTRs with unique patterns for each of them. mRNA expression of all 5 subtypes of somatostatin receptors was different, SSTR2 and SSTR1 mRNA expressions were significantly higher than SSTR3, SSTR4 and SSTR5 ( P

BACKGROUNDTransforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) exerts strong fibrogenic potential in culture-activated HSCs. Smad4 is a key intracellular mediator for the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of growth factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the antisense Smad4 gene on Ito cell line, LI90.

METHODSThe recombinant retroviral vector pLXSN-Smad4 was constructed by cloning the rat antisense Smad4 cDNA into the retroviral vector pLXSN. Retroviruses with or without the antisense gene were obtained by transfecting pLXSN-Smad4 and pLXSN vectors into PA317 cells. Human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) LI90 were infected with these retroviruses followed by selection with G418. The expression of Smad4 was detected by Northern and Western blots. Cell biological characteristics, including cell growth curve, 3H-TdR and 3H-proline uptake by HSCs and the production of extracellular matrix were assessed.

RESULTSmRNA and protein expressions of Smad4 in LI90 cells transfected with retrovirus containing the antisense Smad4 gene were much lower than those in LI90 cells transfected with empty vector or parental LI90 cells. Cells hypoexpressing the Smad4 gene exhibited a slower rate of growth, a lower uptake of 3H-TdR and 3H-proline (P < 0.01), and smaller production of th extracellular matrix, compared with parental LI90 cells and cells transfected with empty retrovirus.

CONCLUSIONSThe antisense Smad4 gene can suppress the expression of the Smad4 gene, reduce endogenous production of Smad4 mRNA and protein, block TGF-beta1 signaling pathway, inhibit activation of Ito cells, obstruct the growth of Ito cells, decrease the production of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Our results may provide a basis for the development of antifibrotic gene therapy.

Cell Line ; DNA, Antisense ; pharmacology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; therapy ; Retroviridae ; genetics ; Smad4 Protein ; Trans-Activators ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

OBJECTIVETo study albumin adduct with naphthalene metabolites, namely 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NPQ) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NPQ), as a potential biomarker for intermediate/long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in coke oven workers.

METHODSTwenty-eight coke oven workers and 22 control workers were recruited from a cokery. Spot urine and venous blood samples were collected from the workers after four continuously working days and personal information was obtained by questionnaire. Plasma albumin adduct was detected with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

RESULTSAlbumin adduct with 1,2- & 1,4-NPQ (1,2-NPQ and 1,4-NPQ), respectively, were detected in all coke oven workers and controls. Median plasma level of 1,2-NPQ-Alb in coke oven workers was significantly higher than that in controls (76.6 pmol/g vs. 44.9 pmol/g, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in plasma median level of 1,4-NPQ-Alb between the two groups (48.6 pmol/g vs. 44.2 pmol/g, P > 0.05). Plasma level of 1,2-NPQ-Alb was significantly higher than that of 1,4-NPQ-Alb in coke oven workers. Urine levels of naphthalene, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol and 1-pyrenol in coke oven workers correlated significantly with their plasma level of 1,2-NPQ-Alb (Pearson coefficient of correlation greater than 0.371, P < 0.01), but did not do significantly with 1,4-NPQ-Alb.

CONCLUSIONPlasma level of 1,2-NPQ-Alb could effectively reflect their magnitude of personal internal dose of exposure to air PAH, so it could be used as a potential biomarker to evaluate their intermediate/long-term exposure to PAH in coke oven workers.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; adverse effects ; Albumins ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Coke ; DNA Adducts ; Humans ; Male ; Naphthalenes ; metabolism ; Naphthoquinones ; blood ; Occupational Exposure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of somatostatin analogue-octreotide (OCT) on expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene of murine hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro.

METHODSHSCs separated from Sprague Dawley rats by in situ perfusion and Nycodenz gradient were divided into 5 groups. HSCs in 4 out of 5 groups were co-cultured with octreotide at different dosages, and the remaining group served as control. The expression of CTGF and TGF-beta mRNA were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSOCT down-regulates the expression of CTGF and TGF-beta mRNA in HSCs. The effect is increased with a dose dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONSOCT could exert the inhibitory effect on HSCs by down-regulating the expression of CTGF and TGF-beta. This provides a potential for the prevention and management of hepatic fibrosis.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Immediate-Early Proteins ; genetics ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Male ; Octreotide ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Somatostatin ; analogs & derivatives ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics