The aims of this paper were to define (1) criteria of cerebral palsy; (2) classification of cerebral palsy; (3) etiology, neuroimaging, and epidemiology of cerebral palsy; (4) different kinds of treatments of cerebral palsy. Data were drawn from an international survey of PUBMED (1994-2014) and CNKI (1994-2014). An expert panel used a consensus building technique. The10-point Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of the trials based on the following items, including allocation sequence generation, randomization concealment, methods of blinding, and descriptions of withdrawals and dropouts. Our clinical experience was also summarized. Below is a summary. (1) Further work is warranted to reach agreement for the classification of cerebral palsy. (2) A worldwide prevalence of 1.5-4.0 per 1 000 live births, with an average lifetime cost of 1 million dollars per person in the United States, while it is 1.8-6.0 per 1000 live births in China. (3) Comparison of clinical efficacy of different treatments. In this review, the current advances in different kind of treatments of brain injury are discussed with specific relevance to cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy ; classification ; diagnosis ; therapy ; China ; Humans ; Prevalence ; United States

Objective To investigate the role of mitochondrial KATP channel in the mechanism of the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IP) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats of both sexs weighing 250-350 g were used in this study. Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 8 each): group A I/R; group B IP+ I/R; group C diazoxide (DZ mito-KATP channel activator) + I/R; group D 5-HD (mito-KATP channel blocker) + IP + I/R and group E 5-HD + DZ + I/R. Another 8 animals were used for electron microscopic examination of normal mitochondria as control. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 30 mg?kg-1. The hearts were immediately excised and passively perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution at 5.8 kPa perfusion pressure and 36.5-37.5℃ via aortic cannulation. A fluid-filled latex balloon was via left atrium in left ventricle for the measurement of left ventricular function. I/R was induced after 30 min stabilization by clamping aortic cannula for 40 min followed by 30 min reperfusion. In group B and D the isolated hearts underwent 2 episodes of 5 min ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion before I/R. In group C and E DZ 50 ?mol?L-1 was infused for 10 min and in group D and E 5-HD 100 ?mol?L-1 was infused for 10 min before I/R. HR, LVSP, LVEDP and coronary flow (CF) were measured at the end of stabilization (T0 , baseline), immediately before I/R (T1 ) and at 10, 20 and 30 min of reperfusion (T2.3.4.), and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP= LVSP- LVEDP) was calculated. Myocardial tissue was obtained at the end of 30 min reperfusion for electron microscopic examination of mitochondria. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was assessed by Flameng scoring system (0 = normal, 4 = severely damaged) .Results Ischemic and DZ preconditioning significantly increased LVDP and decreased LVEDP and Flameng score. 5-HD pretreatment partly antagonized the protective effect of IP and completely antagonized that of DZ against I/R injury. Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning protects the heart against I/R injury mainly by activating mitochondrial KATP channel.

Purpose:This report evaluate whether the single-agent therapy with vinorelbine (V group) may obtain a high response rate, with acceptable toxicity and improvement in survival and quality of life, comparing with the therapy with Kanglaite (a traditional Chinese medicine) (K group) and other supportive care among elderly patients.Methods:Forty patients with advanced NSCLC were included,20 of whom were allocated to receive continual infusional NVB 7.5mg/m 2 /24hr delivered via a central venous line on days 1-5, and NVB 7.5mg /m 2 was given as a 20 min intravenous infusion on days 1 every 3 weeks; 20 of whom were allocated to receive infusional Kanglaite 200 ml on days 1-20 every month. Patients received a minimum of two courses unless progressive disease was detected. Results:V group: CR 0,PR 7,CR+PR 35%(7/20), median survival time was 7.2 months and projected 1-year survival was 25%; K group:CR 0,PR2,CR+PR 10%(2/20),median survival time was 4.8 months and projected 1-year survival was 5%. Conclusions:In elderly patients with NSCLC, single-agent vinorelbine treatment is associated with better effective,better survival and improved quality of life than Kanglaite .Its toxicity is mild and acceptable.

Objective:To discuss what impact prone position ventilation (PPV) plays in treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrom (ARDS)originating from pulmonary disease(ARDSp) and extra-pulmonary disease(ARDSexp).Methods: Retrospective case-control cohorts study. Sixty patients with ARDS were included, were classified two groups which were originated from pulmonary disease(n=30) and extra-pulmonary disease(n=30), they were ventilated in PPV. And oxygenation of 0,2,4, and 6 hours in PPV, static compliance(Cst), airway resistance(Raw) of were evaluated. The Ultrasonic Cardiac Output Monitor was applied to monitor the cardiac function.Results:At 2 hours after ventilation in ARDSexp group, PaO2/FiO2 have been improved significantly. The longer duration of PPV seemed to be associated with continuous improvement and peaks at 4 hours. In ARDSexp group PaO2/FiO2 after ventilation at 3 hours exceeds the other groups. At 4 hours after ventilation, PaO2/FiO2 of both ARDSp and ARDSexp groups of PPV have been improved than that of supine position. After ventilation for 4 hours, the RAW of ARDSp decreases dramatically and considerably below the other groups.Conclusion: PPV was a safe and effective maneuver for improving oxygenation in patients with ARDSp and ARDSexp. Both ARDSp and ARDSexp clearly appear to benefit from PPV, particularly in ARDSexp group. PPV aslo influenced haemodynamics in patients rarely.

Purpose: To analyze the treatment effects by radiotherapy alone and radiotherapy plus chemotherapy of carotid artery intubation after operation for malignant astrocytoma. Materials and Methods: 135 patients with malignant astrocytoma were treated from August, 1987 to November, 1992. Patients were divided into two groups after operation: 71 patients received radiotherapy alone and 64 patients,combination therapy of chemotherapy (BCNU) plus radiotherapy. All patients received DT 55～70Gy. In combination therapy group, BCNU(250mg) was given daily by carotid artery intubation for 4～15 days.Radiotherapy was given 10～15 days after chemotherapy, then followed by 1～3 intubation. Results: The median survival were 17.5 months in radiotherapy alone group and 31.9 months in combination one.Patients with glioblastoma gave the better results with the 2-,3-,and 5- year survivals of 70%, 36% and 15%, respectively. Conclusion: Chemotherapy (BCNU) of intubation plus radiotherapy is preferable in treating malignant astrocytoma after operation.

0.05).After 3 months therapy:The TEF25%,VPEF/VE and TPEF/TE of control group were different from those of normal group statistically.4.After 1 year,the incidence of asthma of observe group was significantly lower than that of control group(P

Recently,more and more researches focus on the relationship between bone marrow fat and osteoporosis.From a pathological point of view, osteoporosis is traditionally regarded as the dysfunction of osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption.Actually, bone marrow adipose tissue that constitutes a large proportion of bone marrow cells is indispensable for the balance of bone metabolism.Bone marrow fat, which is abundant in yellow bone marrow, increases gradually with aging.Bone marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts differentiate from a common progenitor, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).It is generally acknowledged that they are reciprocal repellent in the process of BMSC differentiation.Exploring the association between bone marrow adipocytes and osteoporosis is critical for better understanding its role in the pathogenesis and the future treatment of osteoporosis.In this review, we summary the recent progress in the association between bone marrow adipocytes and osteoporosis.

The lineage-Actinobacteria class nov.comprises organisms with a DNA base composition which generally is above 50% G+C (with a few exceptions).We set up a method that has been used in isolating Actinobacteria and Actinomycetes. We added 25?g/mL Nalidixic acid and 25?g/mL Aztreonam into isolation media to inhibit the other bacteria and 20?g/mL Benlete to inhibit fungi.We used fluorescent in situ hybridization to identi 1fy Actinobacteria. Using the four probes,PA-1,PA-2,PHGC and PNHGC,we made the identification on the 31 strains of the 56 gram-positive bacteria randomly selected and got 22 positive results,6 negative results and 3 ambiguous results.It was showed that the results of G+C content determination and FISH method were identical.Among 31 strain,there were 24 strains of Actinobacteria,the rate was 77.4%.This proved the isolation and FISH identification methods were effective and reliable.

Objective:To investigate the application value of fusion indocyanine green fluorescence imagine (FIGFI) in laparoscopic common bile duct reexploration.Methods:The clinical data of 65 patients who underwent laparoscopic common bile duct reexploration at Henan Province People′s Hospital from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019 were collected. According to the operational manner, the patients were divided into the conventional laparoscopic group (control group, 35 patients) and the FIGFI laparoscopic group (study group, 30 patients). The intraoperative and postoperative data were analyzed.Results:Operation time, time to identify extrahepatic bile duct, intra operative blood loss, and conversion to open surgery were (195.7±9.2) min vs (147.2±9.3) min, (39.3±3.7) min vs (21.8±1.8) min, (203.2±34.6) ml vs (108.9±32.1) ml, 8 vs 1, between the control group and the study group, respectively ( P<0.05). Postoperative cholangitis, bile leakage, intra abdominal infection, pancreatitis, and hospital stay were 11vs 2, 9 vs 2, 8 vs 1, 8 vs 1, (13.5±0.9) d vs (7.4±0.9) d, between the control group and the study group, respectively ( P<0.05). There was no statistically difference in case of residual stones (5 vs 3) and gastrointestinal fistula (3 vs 1) between the control group and the study group, respectively ( P>0.05). Conclusions:FIGFI provides real-time visualization of the extrahepatic biliary tract while doing laparoscopic common bile duct reexploration.

Objective:To assess the vision-related quality of life(VRQoL) of the patients with simple vitreous hemorrhage after vitrectomy and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A scale of life quality for patients with visual impairment(AQoL-DVI) were administered to 96 patients before and 6 months following vitrectomy.Scale scores were compared with vison preoperatively and postoperatively.Results:The lowest scores were at the item of "social life" and "spiritual and psychological status" before the surgery.The scores of the questionnaires increased significantly after vitrectomy.The change of visual acuity after surgery was a chief independent factor of the changes of questionnaire scores due to vitrectomy.Conclusion:The quality of life of patients with simple vitreous hemorrhage decreases sharply.VRQoL improves obviously after vitrectomy.