Adult ; Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Neck Injuries ; complications ; diagnosis ; Vertebral Artery

Objective:To provide clinical data for early identification and diagnosis of vascular embolism in children.Methods:We collected and analyzed the clinical data of children with vascular embolism diagnosed at the Children Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University from January 2017 to January 2020.Results:A total of 29 children with vascular embolism were included.The male to female ratio was 2.2∶1(20/9); the age range was 1 month to 13 years, and the median age(IQR) was 16 (6-41)months.Among them, 22 cases were diagnosed with venous thrombosis, including 13 children with lower limb venous thrombosis(13/29, 44.8%), and six children with intracranial venous thrombosis(6/29, 20.7%). Arterial embolism was found in six cases, and left atrial appendage thrombosis was found in one case.Severe pneumonia was the most common primary disease(19/29, 65.5%), followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation(3/29, 10.3%), and Kawasaki disease(3/29, 10.3%). Analysis on the risk factors of vascular embolization diseases, including catheter-related, long-term bed rest, elevated D-dimer, mechanical ventilation, and intravenous hormone administration, showed that 89.2%(25/29)had ≥3 risk factors at the same time, and 82.8%(24/29)had ≥5 risk factors at the same time.Conclusion:In children with vascular thrombotic diseases, deep venous thrombosis, especially lower extremity venous thrombosis, are common.The severe pneumonia is more common in primary disease.Children with multiple risk factors have a higher risk of developing vascular embolism.In clinic, coagulation function should be monitored and local symptoms should be observed for early identification.

Background Retinopathy of prematurity is mainly due to retinal neovascularization.Objective This laboratory work was to evaluate the efficacy of different dosage of avastin for inhibiting retinal neovascularization.Methods Ninety 7-day-old clean C57BL/J6 mice were randomized into six groups as follows:air control group,hyperxia control group,hyperxia BSS group and avastin groups.C57BL/J6 mice in air control group were raised in regular air environments.The fifty mice were fed under the environment with 75％ ±2％ oxygen for 5 days to establish the retinal neovascularization models.The 1.25,2.50 and 5.00 g/L avastin (0.5 μl) were injected inteavtreally in forty-five mice models as low,moderate and high dosage avastin groups respectively,and 0.5 μl BSS was used at the same way in fifteen models as hyperxia BSS group.The mice were sacrificed in the 17-day-old age using excessive anesthesia method and the retina sections were prepared for the calculation of the numbers of vascular endothelial cell nuclei broken retinal inner membrane after hemotoxylin and eosin staining.The expression of CD34 in the retina was detected by immunochemistry.The morphology and distribution of retinal neovascular vessel in various groups were observed using retinal flat.The use of the animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The numbers of cell nuclei broken the inner limiting membrane was significant increased in the hyperxia group compared with the air control group( P＜0.01 ),and those in difference doses of avastin were considerably reduced in comparison with hyperxia BSS group (P＜0.01) and hyperxia group (P＜0.01 ).The decrease of numbers of cell nuclei broken the inner limiting membrane was obvious in low dose of high dose of avastin compared with low dose of avastin (P＜0.05 ).CD34 was positively expressed in retina internal membrane of hyperxia group.Retinal flat revealed the regular distribution and normal structure of retinal vessels in air control group and avastin groups.However,retinal and vitreous cavity neovascularization,leakage and enlarged non-perfusion regions in the perimeter of the retina were seen in hyperxia group and hyperxia BSS group. Conclusions Intravitreal injection of avastin can arrest retinal angiogenesis in oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization models in a dose-dependent manner.

BACKGROUND:In 1990s,overseas researchers use balloon occlusion method for establishing closed-chest animal models of myocardial infarction. But,ventricular fibrillation and thrombosis of intraoperative factors reduce the success rate of establishing the models. Currently,there are a few reports on establishing the large animal models. OBJECTIVE:We used balloon occlusion method for establishing closed-chest swine models of myocardial infarction,and explored ways to improve the success rate of modeling. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The randomized controlled animal study of pathology observation was performed at the Department of Cardiology,First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College and Research Room of Pathology,Kunming Medical College from July 2008 to May 2009. MATERIALS:Fifteen Diannan small-ear pigs weighing 19-25 kg,aged 8-11 months,were divided into three groups:sham operation group,ischemia-reperfusion group,and ischemic postconditioning group,with 5 pigs in each group.METHODS:After the coronary occlusion and reperfusion period,the prophylactic use of lidocaine (1.0-2.0 mg/kg) infusion to control arrhythmia,and use of heparin to prevent and treat the thrombosis. A balloon catheter was positioned in the distal end of the first diagonal branch of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery under fluoroscopic guidance. In the sham operation group,the balloon was only placed to the LAD,did not block coronary artery. In the ischemia-reperfusion group,inflatable balloon occlusion was done for 60 minutes in the LAD after the balloon removed. In ischemic postconditioning group,after the balloon was inflated and occluded the LAD for 60 minutes,ischemic postconditioning was elicited by eight cycles of 30-second reperfusion,followed by 30-second reocclusion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Coronary angiography,electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac enzymes test was conducted to evaluate models of myocardial infarction. After three days,cardiac 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and pathological examination was done to verily myocardial infarction.RESULTS:In the sham operation group,all pigs survived. In the ischemia-reperfusion group,4 pig models of myocardial infarction were successfully established,and one died of refractory ventricular fibrillation. In the ischemic postconditioning group,models of myocardial infarction after ischemia were successfully established. Following distal left anterior descending artery occlusion,the ECG leads V13 on the ST-segment elevation,the sick rational Q-wave formed;myocardial enzyme evolution of myocardial infarction in the human body was basically the same process. The site of myocardial infarction,basically the same parts,was located in apical,left ventricular anterior wall,and the former interval. TTC staining was normal myocardium brick red,myocardial infarct area appeared pale;pathological examination revealed a normal structure of myocardial infarct damage,cytoplasm condensed,dyeing deepening,transverse striations disappeared,nuclear enrichment,dissolution,fragmentation,many erythrocytes around the infarct area with abundant granulation tissue and a large infiltration of inflammatory cells.CONCLUSION:The described model presents a less invasion to the animals,and is the closest to the process of clinical practice.Intraoperative use of lidocaine and heparin for controlling arrhythmia and thrombosis of the models is successfully established as an effective manner. Ischemic postconditioning may be one of the factors for improving the modeling success rate.

Objective To evaluate the theraputic effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis of portal vein.Methods One hundred and six patients of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis of portal vein under treament of TACE were observed before and after the procedure.Results After TACE tumor size reduced＞50% in 23 patients,＜50% in 25, no significant change in 44.The size of tumor enlarged in 12.The disappearance of portal vein tumor thrombosis accessed in 14,with reduction in 39,and no significant change in 51.Two patients died within one week.Conclusion TACE provides good therapeutic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis of portal vein.

A new steroid with a long cross-conjugation structure, 15a-hydroxy-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-3, 5, 8 (14), 22-tetraen-7-one (1), was isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus aculeatus. Its structure was established by the extensive spectroscopic analyses, and its cytotoxicities against P388, HL-60, and PC-3 cell lines were measured in vitro.
Animals ; Aspergillus ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cholestenones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Structure ; Seawater ; microbiology

The sequences of ITS, matK, rbcL and psbA-trnH of 9 Gynostemma species or variety including 38 samples were compared and analyzed by molecular phylogeny method. Hemsleya macrosperma was designated as outgroup. The MP and NJ phylogenetic tree of Gynostemma was built based on ITS sequence, the results of PAUP phylogenetic analysis showed the following results: (1) The eight individuals of G. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum were not supported as monophyletic in the strict consensus trees and NJ trees. (2) It is suspected whether G. longipes and G. laxum should be classified as the independent species. (3)The classification of subgenus units of Gynostemma plants is supported.
Gynostemma ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be propagated indefinitely, while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into all cell types in the body except for the extra-embryonic tissues. This iPSC technology not only represents a new way to use individual-specific stem cells for regenerative medicine but also constitutes a novel method to obtain large numbers of disease-specific cells for biomedical research. However, the low efficiency of reprogramming and genomic integration of oncogenes and viral vectors limit the potential application of iPSCs. Chemical-induced reprogramming offers a novel approach to generating iPSCs. In this study, a new combination of small-molecule compounds (SMs) (sodium butyrate, A-83-01, CHIR99021, Y-27632) under conditions of transient folate deprivation was used to generate iPSC. It was found that transient folate deprivation combined with SMs was sufficient to permit reprogramming from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in the presence of transcription factors, Oct4 and Klf4, within 25 days, replacing Sox2 and c-Myc, and accelerated the generation of mouse iPSCs. The resulting cell lines resembled mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with respect to proliferation rate, morphology, pluripotency-associated markers and gene expressions. Deprivation of folic acid, combined with treating MEFs with SMs, can improve the inducing efficiency of iPSCs and reduce their carcinogenicity and the use of exogenous reprogramming factors.

Animals ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Emodin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Liver ; drug effects ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; analysis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

The research aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Opuntia dillenii Haw polysaccharide (OPS) on atherosclerosis of rats. First atherosclerotic rat models were established by high-fat and high-calcium diet. Thirty days later, the rats were treated with low dosage of OPS (0.2 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) or high dosage of OPS (0.4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) by intraperitoneal injection for 60 days continuously. At the end of treatment, thoracic aorta rings were prepared and vasorelaxation of rat thoracic aorta in different experiment groups were determined by using 620M multi wire myograph system in vitro. Blood and livers of rats were collected. Then plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) of rats were separately determined using whole automatic biochemical analyzer; protein level of hepatic apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and that of hepatic diglyceride acyltransferase (Dgat1) were measured by Western Blot technique. Results showed that the ability of rat thoracic aorta to relax decreased markedly in the model group compared with that in the normal group, and significant differences existed in vasorelaxation ratios induced by different concentrations of carbamylcholine chloride (Carb) between these two groups (P < 0.01). After OPS treatment, the ability of rat thoracic aorta to relax improved markedly, the vasorelaxation ratios induced by Carb at 5 and 10 μmol x L(-1) were respectively 0.34 ± 0.08 and 0.62 ± 0.15 in the group treated with low dosage of OPS, while the ratios induced by Carb at 1 and 5 μmol x L(-1) were respectively 0.54 ± 0.08 and 0.98 ± 0.02 in the group treated with high dosage of OPS, which were all significantly different with those in the model group (P < 0.01). Plasma contents of TC, TG and LDL reduced significantly by the treatments both with low and high dosages of OPS compared with those in the model group (P < 0.01). Protein level of hepatic ApoB and that of hepatic Dgat1 decreased significantly after the treatment with high dosage of OPS compared with those in the model group (P < 0.01). These results indicate that OPS can markedly improve the vasorelaxation of thoracic aorta of atherosclerotic rats and has significant anti-atherosclerotic effect; inhibiting the expression of ApoB and Dgat1 and thus decreasing the amounts of TC, LDL and TG serving as one of the molecular mechanisms of its antiatherosclerosis effect.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; drug effects ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Opuntia ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Triglycerides ; blood