Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of PDCA(plan,do,check,action)cycle theory in the ADR monitoring of our hospital. METHODS:The problems of ADR monitoring in our hospital in 2012 were analyzed and intervened by PDCA cycle. The effects of PDCA cycle were evaluated 1 year later. RESULTS:After implementation of PDCA cycle,we had improved the manage-ment system,brought ADR monitoring into the appraisal of clinical pharmacists,established the networking platform of ADR report-ing,strengthened the training of physicians and nurses,the publicty of ADR information and ADR monitoring of important medi-cine. The number of ADR reports increased by 18.37% in 2013,the proportion of new and serious ADR reports obviously in-creased(increasing from 22.28% to 38.42%);in terms of ADR reporting source,the ADR reporting in wards obviously increased (increasing from 8.16% to 43.84%). The proportion of ADR induced by antibiotics or TCM preparation decreased significantly(re-spetively decreasing from 54.52% to 43.84% and 23.03% to 13.30%);in term of ADR clinical manifestations,the proportion of skin and its appendants involved decreased significantly (decreasing from 53.64% to 39.41%). CONCLUSIONS:The application of PDCA cycle obviously improves the management of ADR monitoring in our hospital.

Data mining technology has become a powerful tool in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. In this paper, based on the principle and basic requirements of data mining, the mining methods and procedures were described. And then the application of data mining technology in Chinese medicine pair research was classified and summarized, such as the compatibility characters, characteristic pairs, dosage-effect relationship and property compatibility, which provide the direction and data base for modern research of Chinese medicine pair.
Cluster Analysis ; Data Mining ; methods ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Prescriptions ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and early intervention treatment of fetal congenital broncho-genic cysts based on the cases reviewed. Methods The clinical features of 7 infants presenting bronchogenic cysts diagnosed antenatally from January 2013 to May 2014 in Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital and Health In-stitute were reviewed retrospectively. Pathology,the prenatal diagnosis and treatment of bronchogenic cysts experience were summarized combined with CT after birth and surgery. Results Based on the prenatal diagnosis of fetal and postnatal CT and surgical pathology,a total of 7 cases with congenital bronchial cysts were diagnosed. Of which 4 ca-ses were suggestive of congenital cystsic adenomatoid malformation by prenatal diagnosis,and the other 3 cases had fetal bronchial cysts by prenatal diagnosis,antenatal diagnosis was accurate in 42. 9%(3 / 7 cases). CT examinations were taken in 7 cases after birth,and the cyst excision was performed on them with surgery thoracic approach;the average age at surgery was(5. 3 ± 1. 7)months. Four cases had simple bronchial cystss,2 cases with congenital cystsic adenomatoid malformation,1 case with congenital pulmonary sequestration. The accuracy of CT diagnosis was 85. 7%(6 / 7 cases). All surgical treatment was effective. Conclusions Fetal bronchial cysts is always associated with the other presence of lung congenital malformations. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital bronchial cysts is difficult. Prenatal diagnosis is difficult to exclude congenital cystsic adenomatoid malformation. To avoid symptoms like oppres-sion,infection,prenatal diagnosis combined with CT examination after birth and early treatment are necessary and reliable clinically.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for studying efficacious materials of traditional Chinese medicines from an overall perspective.

METHODCarthamus tinctorius was taken the example. Its major components were depleted by preparing liquid chromatography. Afterwards, the samples with major components depleted were evaluated for their antioxidant effect, so as to compare and analyze the major efficacious materials of C. tinctorius with antioxidant activity and the contributions.

RESULTSeven major components were depleted from C. tinctorius samples, and six of them were identified with MS data and control comparison. After all of the samples including depleted materials are compared and evaluated for their antioxidant effect, the findings showed that hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflor yellow B and 6-hydroxykaempferol-3, 6-di-O-glucoside-7-O-glucuronide were the major efficacious materials.

CONCLUSIONThis study explored a novel and effective method for studying efficacious materials of traditional Chinese medicines. Through this method, we could explain the direct and indirect contributions of different components to the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines, and make the efficacious material expression of traditional Chinese medicines clearer.

Alkalies ; chemistry ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry

The combination of Danggui and Honghua (GH) is a popular herb pair commonly used in clinic for the treatment of blood stasis syndrome in China. To evaluate the activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of the combination of different proportions of Danggui and Honghua on acute blood stasis rats, and optimize the proportion of GH to have the best activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effect. Acute blood stasis rat model was induced by subcutaneous injection of adrenaline and ice water bath. The blood stasis rats were administrated intragastrically with GH (1 : 0, 4 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 3, 1: 2, 1 : 4 and 0 : 1) extracts. The whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), and high shear whole blood relative index (HSWBRI), low shear whole blood relative index (LSWBRI), and erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI) were tested to observe the effects of GH on hemorheology of blood stasis rats. And the maximum aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was tested to observe the effect of GH on platelet aggregation index of blood stasis rats. In addition, the prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) were tested to observe the effects of GH on blood coagulation function of blood stasis rats. Then principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were both used to comprehensively evaluate the total activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of GH. The results showed that the hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters of model group both had significant differences with normal group. Compared with model group, GH (1 : 0, 4 : 1, 2: 1, 3 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 3, 1 : 2, 1 : 4 and 0 : 1) could improve all the blood hemorheology indexes and regulate part indexes of blood coagulation function and platelet aggregation in acute blood stasis rats. Based on principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods, GH 1 : 1 and GH 3 : 2 both had the best effect of blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis, and the effect of GH 1 : 1 was slightly better than GH 3 : 2. These results suggest that GH could obviously ameliorate the abnormality of hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats. The optimized proportion of GH was consistent with regulations of medicine usage that GH 1 : 1 had the highest frequency used in traditional Chinese formulae. It could provide scientific basis for more effective application of the compatibility between Danggui and Honghua in modern clinic medicine.
Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Viscosity ; Carthamus tinctorius ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythrocyte Aggregation ; Hemorheology ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Platelet Aggregation ; Principal Component Analysis ; Prothrombin Time ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thrombin Time

Blood-eye barrier (BEB) is one of the most important structures of organism to maintain homeostasis of the eye. However, it is the major constraint for the medication of intraocular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicines have distinctive advantages for the treatment of intraocular diseases, which can be used to regulate the physiological function of human body with low toxicity. In this article, we have briefly summarized the feature of BEB, with the domestic and foreign literatures combined, and mainly reviewed current progress in the field of study on the permeability of traditional Chinese medicines and effective components in BEB and promoting methods.

Along with progress of modern science and technology, human is utilizing natural resources and their inherent law more effectively and more efficiently according to their own purposes. Chinese medicine pair (CMP) is relatively fixed combination of two TCMs which was proven to be effective in clinical application. CMP has its inner specification, and it is an intermediate point between single herb and many TCM formulae. With the aid of modern science and technology, and by means of choosing appropriate strategies and approaches, the compatibility rules of CMP might be revealed, which will be significant to develop the compatibility theory of TCM formulae and create modern TCM new drugs.
Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Research Design ; Systems Biology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and immunoreactivity in experimental acute inflammatory brain injury.

METHODSTen rats were inoculated with pneumococcus to establish the model of bacterial inflammatory brain injury and other 6 rats were used as normal controls. At 24 h after inoculating, the expression of BDNF mRNA and BDNF protein in brain tissue was detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods, respectively.

RESULTThe necrosis of neuron in cerebral cortex and hippocampus was observed after infection. The increase of BDNF mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of experimental animals was demonstrated at 24 h after inoculation: (0.1194 +/- 0.02941 compared with 0.0662 +/- 0.01176)A and (0.1608 +/-0.01854 compared with 0.0680 +/- 0.00946)A (P<0.01), respectively. Compared with controls the expression of BDNF protein in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was enhanced at 24 h of inoculation:(177.04+/-43.66 compared with 79.79+/-7.23)mm(2) (P<0.01) and (81.78 +/-37.47 compared with 42.98 +/-20.44)mm(2) (P<0.01), respectively. Strong positive hybridization and immunoreactivity were observed in the infiltrated inflammatory cell in leptomeninges, subarachnoid cavity, ventricles and brain parenchyma in the brain from the experimental rats.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of BDNF mRNA and BDNF protein increases following brain inflammatory injury, which supports the hypothesis that BDNF may constitute intrinsic neuroprotective mechanism as a part of the inflammatory response.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; analysis ; genetics ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Meningitis, Pneumococcal ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the therapeutic window of rapamycin(RPM) concentration in primary recipients of renal transplantation. Methods An open label, multi center study was performed. One hundred primary renal allograft recipients with cadaveric donors were enrolled from 4 transplantation centers in China. The immunosuppressive regimen was triple therapy,i.e.RPM combined with CsA and steroid. A loading dose of RPM 6 mg/d was administered within 48 hours after transplantation, then a maintaining dose of 2 mg/d was administered. The whole blood concentration of RPM was measured by HPLC method. Results The whole blood concentration of RPM in this group was (6.65?2.75)ng/ml, the 10th and 90th percentile for RPM concentration was 3 2 ng/ml and 10 26 ng/ml,respectively.9 5%(8/84)patients suffered from acute rejection during the 6 month period after transplantation in this study, and the concentration of RPM in these was lower than that in non rejection patients(P=0.001). Hyperlipidemia and liver dysfunction were the most frequently adverse events, and RPM concentration was significantly associated with the concentration of triglyceride. Conclusions 4～8 ng/ml is a suitable level for RPM concentration. Regular drug monitoring and reasonable dose modulation may increase the validity and security of RPM.