OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between blood pressure and related cognitive function with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the elderly community residents in Beijing.

METHODSA selected sample of 60 years old and over from the communities was randomized ascertained to a longitudinal study in Beijing. The baseline data was produced in 1993, in which blood pressure, MMSE and a multidisciplinary questionnaire were involved. 4 years later in 1997, a similar procedure was repeated in 2079 elderly people whose MMSE scores were normal during the baseline study.

RESULTSThe mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and MMSE score were 141.77 +/- 24.94 mm Hg, 81.76 +/- 12.08 mm Hg and 25.65 +/- 3.59 in baseline. The MMSE score was 23.24 +/- 5.63 in the follow-up study. Significant decline in cognition was defined as a decrease of 4 score and over during the 4-years study. The proportion of significant decline in cognition in the follow-up was larger when the systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure having an increase in baseline data. Further stratified observation showed that factors as elderly with elevated blood pressure, under 75 years old from rural areas without diabetes mellitus or antihypertensive medication were more commonly seen in the ones with significant cognition decline. Increased incidence of cognitive decline was found in those with increased level of hypertension. This association was also seen in systolic blood pressure after adjustment of heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.

CONCLUSIONSIn the 4-year longitudinal study, cognitive dysfunction might cause elevated baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the elderly people whose baseline MMSE scores were normal.

Aged ; Blood Pressure ; China ; epidemiology ; Cognition Disorders ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Residence Characteristics

Objective To investigate the specific expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related GRP78 and CHOP in podocyte of MKR mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN);To discuss the intervention effect of Zuogui Jiangtang Yishen Decoction (ZGJTYS). Methods 8-week old MKR mice were randomly divided into five groups:blank group, model group, ZGJTYS group, 4-Phenylbutyric acid group, gliquidone+benazepril group, and normal control group consisting of wild type C57BC/6 mice, 10 mice per group. All mice from model group and each treatment group received high-fat diet feed and unilateral nephrectomy to make the DN model. Mice from treatment groups received medicine intervention for four weeks. The levels of FBG were detected by electrochemical detection method, and the UmAlb was detected by ELISA. The expressions of GRP78, CHOP mRNA, and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The morphological structure changes of the podocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopes. Results Compared with blank group, FBG and UmAlb in the model group increased significantly (P<0.01);the expressions of GRP78 mRNA and protein markedly decreased (P<0.01);the expressions of CHOP mRNA and protein increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, FBG and UmAlb in each treatment group significantly decreased (P<0.01);the expressions of GRP78 mRNA and protein in the ZGJTYS group and 4-Phenylbutyric acid group increased (P<0.01), the expressions of CHOP mRNA and protein decreased (P<0.01). The renal pathological lesions of each treatment group were significantly improved compared with model group. Conclusion ZGJTYS Decoction can effectively improve the damaged podocyte induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress, delay DN progress.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of free and pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flaps for repairing skin and soft tissue defects in limbs, neck, axillary and shoulder.

METHODSFrom October 2009 to Auguest 2011, 16 TDAP flaps were used to repair skin and tissue defects. Among them, five ipsilateral pedicled flaps were used to repair wounds in neck, axillary and shoulder. 11 free TDAP flaps were used to repair the wounds with bone or tendon exposure. In 12 cases, the flaps were pedicled with thoracodorsal artery and vein-lateral branches-perforators, in 4 cases, pedicled with thoracodorsal artery and vein-serratus anterior muscular branches-perforators. The deep fascia, the latissimus dorsi and thoracodorsal nerve were not included in all flaps. The flaps size ranged from 10 cm x 5 cm to 26 cm x 10 cm.

RESULTSAll 16 flaps survived completely with primary healing both at donor site and recipent area. After a follow-up of 3 to 24 months, all flaps gained good texture and appearance. Only linear scar was left at donor area. The shoulder could move freely.

CONCLUSIONSTDAP flap has good texture, long vascular pedicle,and reliable blood supply, leaving less morbidity at donor site. The latissimus dorsi and thoracodorsal nerve are also preserved. The pedicled TDAP flap is an ideal flap for repairing the ipsilateral skin and soft tissue defects of the neck, shoulder, axillary. The free TDAP flap is suited for repairing skin and soft tissue defects of the extremities.

Arteries ; Axilla ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Perforator Flap ; transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Thoracic Wall ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries ; surgery

Objective: To observe the characteristics of dynamic changes of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and its relationship with cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and to explore the pathogenesis of CVS. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with SAH diagnozed by clinical and accessory examinations were selected. The LPA levels in CSF were measured at 24 hours, day 7,14, and 28 respectively after the onset of symptoms,and they were compared with a control group. The correlation between LPA levels and CVS on the time course was also observed at the same time. Results: Of the 67 patients with SAH, a total of 29 patients (43.3%) occurred CVS, the average time of occurrence was 6. 6 days. There was no significant difference between the LPA levels in CSF in patients with SAH and the control group at 24 hours after the onset of symptoms; they were significantly higher than the control group at day 7 (P ＜0. 001); they were significantly higher than the control group at day 14 (P ＜ 0. 001), but they were significantly lower than those at day 7 (P ＜ 0. 01); they decreased to baseline at day 28, and there was significant difference compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between the LPA levels in the CVS group and those in the non-CVS group at 24 hours, they were significantly higher than those in the non-CVS group at day 7 (P ＜0. 001), they were still significantly higher than those in the non-CVS group at day 14 (P ＜0. 01); and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups at day 28. Conclusions: The LPA levels in CSF in patients with SAH increased significantly from day 7 to day 14 after the onset of symptoms, and they had obvious association with CVS on the time course. The detection of the LPA levels in CSF may have important significance in predicting the occurrence of CVS.

OBJECTIVETo study the antiproliferation effect on HepG2 cells and its underlying mechanism of the active chemical composition of the Viburnum Odoratissimum.

METHODS3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay and trypan blue dye exclusion assay were used to assess the effect of vibsane-type diterpenoids on the proliferation of various tumor cells. Alterations in cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flowcytometry. The enzymatic activity of caspase-3/7 was measured by Apo-ONE homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay kit.

RESULTSCompound 1 #, a vibsane-type diterpenoid, was found to significantly inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells by anticancer proliferation activity screening. It was demonstrated that the modified groups on side chain coupled to C11 site affected the cell growth-inhibition activity of compounds by structure-activity analysis. In addition, HepG2 cell line was most sensitive to compound 1 #, which induced growth arrest of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Study on the mechanisms underlying these effects indicated that compound 1 # induced significant G0/G1 phase arrest of HepG2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, It was found that higher concentrations of compound (5-10 micromol/L) caused evident increase in the unmber of apoptotic cells and dose-dependent activation of caspase-3/7.

CONCLUSIONVibsane-type diterpenoids could significantly inhibit the growth of HCC HepG2 cells. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis may play important roles in their anticancer effects.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Viburnum ; chemistry

To study the effects of surfactants on wettability of excipients, the contact angles of six types of surfactants on the surface of two common excipients and mixture of three surfactants with excipients were measured using hypsometry method. The results demonstrated that contact angle of water on the surface of excipients was associated with hydrophilcity of excipients. Contact angle was lowered with increase in hydrophilic groups of excipient molecules. The sequence of contact angle from small to large was starch < sodium benzoate < polyvinylpyrrolidone < sodium carboxymethylcellulose < sodium alginate < chitosan < hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Excipients ; chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry ; Tablets ; Water ; Wettability

BACKGROUNDLinear ablation of left atrium (LA) guided by three dimensional (3-D) electroanatomical mapping (Carto) has been used in many centres worldwide for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) instead of pure anatomical approaches. There were little data about linear ablation of LA guided by Carto and double Lasso catheters in China. We report the results of linear ablation of LA guided by both Carto and double Lasso catheters.

METHODSAfter the anatomical model of LA and all pulmonary veins (PVs) had been established, circumferential ablations of the left pulmonary vein antrum and the right pulmonary vein antrum were performed with 2 circumferential mapping catheters (Lasso) placed within the ipsilateral superior and inferior PVs. The endpoint of ablation was abolishment or dissociation of the pulmonary vein potentials (PVPs). Oral amiodarone or propafenone was taken for at least 3 months by patients with persistent AF, permanent AF or those whose PVPs had not been isolated completely. The recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias was observed 3 months after the procedure.

RESULTSThere were 106 patients (mean age, 51.4 +/- 9.9 years). Seventy-eight patients had paroxysmal AF, 12 persistent AF and 16 permanent AF. Onset of atrial fibrillation occurred in 52 patients during ablation procedure. Thirty-two patients restored to sinus rhythm eventually after the procedure. Abolishment or dissociation of PVPs was accomplished during the procedure in 94 patients (88.7%). The duration of procedure and exposure to X-ray were (213 +/- 45) minutes and (32.5 +/- 12.8) minutes, respectively. Among the 87 patients followed up for over 3 months, 62 were free of atrial tachyarrhythmias (including 8 patients who were still taking oral amiodarone). The success rate was 71.3% in the first procedure. Two patients had pericardial effusion treated by pericardial puncture and effusion drainage. No pulmonary vein stenosis, atrioesophageal fistula, stroke or procedural death occurred.

CONCLUSIONSCombination of double Lasso catheters with 3-D electroanatomical mapping to guide the linear ablation of left atrium procedure can confirm the isolation of PVPs.

Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; methods ; Female ; Heart Atria ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Veins ; physiopathology

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Recovery of Function ; Tibial Fractures ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of NADPH oxidase inhibition on cardiac function and myocardial calcium regulatory proteins mRNA expressions in rabbits with heart failure (HF).

METHODSHF was induced by experimental aortic insufficiency and abdominal aortic constriction, HF animals were treated with oral apocynin (15 mg/d), a NADPH oxidase inhibitor or equal dose placebo. Eight weeks later, cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. Myocardial NADPH oxidase activity was evaluated by NADPH dependent superoxide production examined using superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)ATPase (SERCA2a), ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), phospholamban (PLB) and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) were determined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSRabbits with HF developed ventricular dilatation and cardiac dysfunction, as well as increase in myocardial NADPH oxidase activity, decreases in mRNA expression of SERCA2a, RyR2 and PLB, and increase in mRNA expression of NCX. Apocynin significantly reduced NADPH oxidase activity (P < 0.05), upregulated SERCA2a, RyR2 and PLB mRNA expressions (SERCA2a/GAPDH: 0.63 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.34 +/- 0.08, RyR2/GAPDH: 0.23 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.17 +/- 0.06, PLB/GAPDH:1.28 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.95 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05), downregulated NCX mRNA expression (NCX/GAPDH: 0.67 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.95 +/- 0.12, P < 0.05), and improved cardiac function [LVEF: (60.06 +/- 10.07)% vs. (38.87 +/- 3.31)%, LVFS: (30.12 +/- 6.56)% vs. (17.40 +/- 2.45)%, P < 0.05] in rabbits with HF.

CONCLUSIONNADPH oxidase inhibition improves cardiac function possibly by preventing abnormal alterations in myocardial calcium regulatory proteins in failing heart.

Acetophenones ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Calmodulin ; biosynthesis ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Female ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; NADPH Oxidases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; metabolism ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger ; metabolism ; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVE: To study the bacteriologic profile and drug resistance of respiratory infection in children, and to provide a basis for etiological diagnosis and rational use of antimicrobial agents. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 15 047 children who attended the hospital due to respiratory infection from January 2016 to December 2018. Their sputum samples were collected, and the Phoenix-100 automatic microbial identification system was used for the identification and drug sensitivity analysis of the isolated pathogenic bacteria. RESULTS: Of all 17 174 sputum samples detected, there were 2 395 positive samples, with a positive rate of 13.95%; a total of 2 584 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which there were 1 577 (61.03%) Gram-negative strains, 967 (37.42%) Gram-positive strains, and 40 (1.55%) fungal strains. The most common pathogen was Haemophilus influenzae (33.90%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (33.55%), Moraxella catarrhalis (19.20%), and Staphylococcus aureus (3.64%). Among the 2 331 children with positive infection, 251 had mixed infection, most commonly with Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was higher in winter and spring and lower in summer and autumn. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria between different age groups (P<0.05), with the highest detection rate in infants aged 1 month to <1 year. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus had a sensitivity rate of 100% to vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin, and Haemophilus influenzae had a lower sensitivity rate to ampicillin, compound sulfamethoxazole and cefuroxime and a higher sensitivity rate to other drugs. CONCLUSIONS Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the main pathogenic bacteria of respiratory infection in children, and mixed infection is the most common type of infection. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria varies across seasons and ages. Different pathogenic bacteria have different features of drug resistance, and antibiotics should be selected based on drug sensitivity results.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Drug Resistance ; Haemophilus influenzae ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Moraxella catarrhalis ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies