Objective To understand the current state of community nurses in Jilin Province and its nursing training so as to provide basis for constructing community nursing training system. Methods 583 community nurses from community health care service centers (stations) in three cities of Jilin Province were investigated with cluster random sampling method to acquire their proficiency level of community nursing knowledge and its demand. Results Common basic nursing knowledge was best mastered by community nurses (63.8%), while knowledge about scientific research was worst mastered (13.6%). Community nurses who were young, in low positions, with work experience for 5 to 9 years, mastered the knowledge worse, 42.9% of them did not attend training. The commonest training problem was that the training period was too short (64.6%); the highest demand was common diseases training for the elderly. Conclusions Nursing training is an important way to improve overall quality of community nurses in the light of unbalance status of their quality in our province and training not being put into place.

Objective To investigate the concentrations of indoor radon (222Rn) and its daughter products as well as indoor thoron (220Rn) in selected houses in Yuhang district and Sanmen county,Zhejiang province,and estimate their annual effective doses to the population.Methods Solid state nuclear track detectors were used in selected dwellings in Yuhang district and Sanmen county,and the detectors were placed in bedrooms or living rooms.Without changing the ventilation habits of residents,These detectors were continuously placed from March to September in 2009.Results Indoor 222 Rn and 220Rn concentrations in low-rise buildings were the highest among all types of houses.The indoor concentration of 222 Rn had no relation with the building age (F = 0.53,P ＞ 0.05),but that of 220 Rn was dependent on the building age (F = 3.56,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the investigation demonstrated indoor 220 Rn concentrations in houses with no decoration were higher than in the houses decorated (t = 2.33,P ＜0.05).The average indoor concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn in Yuhang district were 32.5 Bq/m3 and 314.3 Bq/m3,respectively,and the annual effective doses were 0.88 mSy and 0.42 mSv respectively.The average indoor concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn in Sanmen county were 26.8 Bq/m3 and 399.5 Bq/m3,and the annual effective doses were 0.72 mSy and 0.53 mSv respectively.Conclusion The concentrations of indoor 222 Rn in some areas of Zhejiang province are at natural background level,and the concentrations of indoor 220Rn in rural areas are relatively higher.The total annual effective dose from 220Rn and its progeny was larger than that from 222Rn and its progeny by 50 percents.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,artificial cervical disc replacement surgery as a new method for the treatment of cervical disease has gradualy been accepted and understood,but relevant complications have gradualy attracted attention.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical outcomes of artificial cervical disc replacement in the treatment of cervical disease and the range of motion of the replacement segment.METHODS: A total of 25 patients with artificial cervical disc replacement in the treatment of cervical spondylosis,who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics,Air Force General Hospital of Chinese PLA from August 2006 to April 2012,were enroled in this study,including 15 males and 10 females,aged 31-76 years,averagely 51.04 years.There were 6 cases of double segments and 19 cases of single segment.They were folowed up for 24 to 93 months.Clinical results were assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score,cervical dysfunction index and pain visual analog scale scores.Imaging was used to observe range of motion,cervical curvature,heterotopic ossification,and degeneration of adjacent segments.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Neurological function in al patients was improved to different degrees.One case suffered from mild heterotopic ossification,but no clinical symptoms were found.No significant difference in range of motion of surgical segment,and range of motion of upper and lower adjacent segments was detected between pre-replacement and final folow-up results (P＞0.05).No significant difference in range of motion of C2-C7 was found between pre-replacement and final folow-up results (P＞0.05).Japanese Orthopaedic Association score,cervical dysfunction index and pain visual analog scale scores were significantly improved during final folow-up compared with pre-replacement (P＜0.05).These results indicated that artificial cervical disc replacement in the treatment of cervical disease can achieve better clinical efficacy,can keep the range of motion of replacement segment and avoid the accelerated degeneration of adjacent segments.

NAS preparation, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine found by the Yunnan Eco-agricultural Research Institute, has potential antiviral activity. In this paper, the inhibiting effect of NAS preparation on H9N2 subtype Avian influenza virus (AIV) was investigated in vivo. Chickens infected with H9N2 virus were treated with NAS preparation for 4 days. The virus was then detected by hemoagglutination (HA) test and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that no H9N2 virus could be detected at the 7th day when the chickens were treated with 0.2g/kg/d or 0.1g/kg/d of NAS preparation. However the virus could be detected in other chickens without NAS preparation treatment. This result suggested that NAS preparation may be a potential drug candidate to control infection of H9N2 subtype AIV in chickens.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thymus Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo identify the relative factors of recent discovered atrial fibrillation (AF) following isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

METHODSClassified the 649 cases undergoing isolated CABG from January 2005 to December 2006 to two groups according to whether AF appeared after operation. Collected the peri-operative data and operative strategy, then analyzed with single-factor analysis and Logistic regression.

RESULTSThe incidence of AF was 8.0% (52 cases), and 84.6% (44 cases) recovered sinus-rhythm leaving hospital. Age, standard European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE), ratio of high-operative-risk, left atrium diameter and ratio of left coronary artery dominance were higher in AF group than in non-AF group. Age, eject fraction, left atrium diameter, operative risk evaluation, left coronary artery dominance and anastomosis on right coronary artery were the relative factors of recent discovered AF following isolated CABG. But off-pump operation, prescription of adrenergic beta-antagonists pre-operatively and degree of coronary artery stenosis had no influence to AF.

CONCLUSIONSAF following CABG is a result of common influence by many factors. EuroSCORE might forecast partially the incidence of AF following CABG. Improve the myocardial protection and reduce the surgical damage during operative progress maybe the mostly approach to decrease the incidence of AF following CABG.

Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; etiology ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the use of titanium mesh reconstruction after sternal tumor resection.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to January 2011, 14 patients with sternal tumors were admitted into Peking Union Medical Hospital. The clinical characteristics, surgical resection, and technique of reconstruction were reviewed.

RESULTSOf the 14 patients, 3 had a metastatic sternal tumor, the primary sites of which were as follows: hepatic carcinoma in one case (metastasis 19 years after operation), breast carcinoma in another case (metastasis 5 years after operation), and renal carcinoma in the other case (found simultaneously). Two patients showed local involvement of the sternum: 1 had thymic carcinoma, and the other had myofibrosarcoma. The remaining 9 patients had primary tumors: 4 were osteochondroma, 3 chondrosarcoma, 1 eosinophilic granuloma, 1 non-Hodgekin's lymphoma. En bloc resection of the sternal tumor was performed in all the 14 patients. The defect was repaired with the titanium mesh adjusted to the shape of the defect and fixed with the stainless steel wire. Eleven patients were followed up for a period from 2 months to 4 years, during which no translocation or broken of the titanium mesh was observed.

CONCLUSIONSRadical en bloc excision remains the treatment of choice for sternal tumors. Sternum defect reconstruction using titanium mesh as a rigid replacement proves appropriate and effective.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Sternum ; surgery ; Surgical Mesh ; Titanium

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Compound Danshen injection in treatment of dysphagia by electromyography (EMG) guided on new Renying point caused by bulbar paralysis after stroke.A total of 60 patients with dydphagia caused by cerebral palsy after stroke were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group (30 patients in each group).Patients in the control group were conducted with routine treatment,local low frequency electrical stimulation and rehabilitation training.Patients in the experimental group were treated with acupoint injection therapy guided by EMG on the basis of treatment of the control group.Four weeks were one treatment course.Observations were made on changes of indexes,such as water swallow test,swallowing ability evaluation,and etc.between two groups.The results showed that the cure rate of the experimental group was 76.67％,which was higher than that of the control group (50.00％).The treatment efficiency of the experimental group (93.33％) was higher than that of the control group (80.00％),with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).It was concluded that clinical effects of EMG guided injection on new Renying point in the treatment of dysphagia caused by bulbar paralysis in the experimental group was better than that of the control group.It is worthy widely applied and distributed in clinical practices.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of Compound Xuanju Capsule (CXC) on autoimmune prostatitis in rat models.

METHODSSixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number: blank control, low-concentration purified prostate protein (low-conc PPP), low-conc PPP + CXC treatment, high-concentration PPP (hi-con PPP), and hi-conc PPP + CXC treatment. Autoimmune prostatitis models were established by intragastric administration of PPP solution at 15 mg/ml (low concentration) and 80 mg/ml, respectively. At 30 days after modeling, the rats in the blank control and low-conc and hi-conc PPP model groups were treated with normal saline, and those in the other two groups with CXC at a daily dose of 0.068 g/ml. At 30, 45, and 60 days, all the animals were sacrificed for observation of pathological changes in the prostate tissue and determination of the levels of IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in the serum.

RESULTSCompared with the PPP models, the hi-conc PPP + CXC group showed significantly reduced levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha in the serum at 45 days ([148.54 +/- 17.23] and [62.14 +/- 5.59] pg/ml vs [100.77 +/- 11.08] and [32.63 +/- 2.91] pg/ml, P < 0.05) and at 60 days ([143.69 +/- 17.28] and [59.38 +/- 5.50] pg/mlvs [95.77 +/-10.53] and [29.63 +/- 2.66] pg/ml, P < 0.05), and so did the low-cone PPP + CXC group at 45 days ([128.47 +/- 12.21] and [40.43 +/- 3.64] pg/ml vs [111.76 +/- 10.07] and [35.44 +/- 3.17] pg/ml, P < 0.05) and at 60 days ([131.07 +/- 10.93] and [43.34 +/- 3.91] pg/ml vs [97.46 +/- 8.75] and [30.44 +/- 2.75] pg/ml, P < 0.05). The serum level of IL-10 was remarkably elevated in the hi-cone PPP + CXC group as compared with that of the PPP models at 45 and 60 days ([189.14 +/- 16.78] and [184.14 +/- 15.89] pg/ml vs [230.48 +/- 29.96] and [248.48 +/- 31.03] pg/ml, P < 0.05), and so was it in low-cone PPP + CXC group ([223.14 +/- 17.87] and [224.14 +/- 17.93] pg/ml vs [231.42 +/- 23.18] and [249.42 +/- 24.97] pg/ml, P < 0.05). Pathological examination revealed morphological damages to the prostate tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the model rats, but no obvious changes in the normal controls. At 15 days of treatment, the rats in the PPP + CXC group showed enlarged prostate glandular cavity, mild proliferation of epithelial cells, no obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitial tissue, and a few visible fibrous tissues under the light microscope.

CONCLUSIONCompound Xuanju Capsule is efficacious on autoimmune prostatis in rats by reducing inflammatory changes in the prostate tissue and improving the expression of inflammatory factors.

Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Capsules ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; pathology ; Prostatic Secretory Proteins ; Prostatitis ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo establish a rat model of autoimmune prostatitis using purified prostatic proteins (PPP).

METHODSThirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups of equal number to receive intramuscular injection of normal saline (normal control group) and PPP at 15 mg/ml (low-concentration group) and 80 mg/ml (high-concentration group). At 4 weeks after modeling, the rats were sacrificed for HE staining of the prostate tissue and examination of the inflammatory factors IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum, immunoglobulins IgA and IgM, and regulatory T cells Th1/Th2.

RESULTSThree rats died in the high-concentration PPP group but none in the low-concentration PPP and normal control groups. Gross observation of the prostate showed increased volume and hard texture of the prostate in the two PPP groups, but no significant change in the normal controls. Pathological examination exhibited morphological damage to the prostatic tissue and inflammatory cellular infiltration in the experimental rats. The serum level of IL-8 was significantly higher in the low- and high-concentration PPP groups ([129.07 +/- 11.48] and [147.58 +/- 17.70] pg/ml) than in the control ([94.12 +/- 7.04] pg/ml) (P < 0.05), while that of IL-10 was remarkably lower in the former two groups ([227.14 +/- 18.19] and [187.14 +/- 16.32] pg/ml) than in the latter ([252.48 +/- 21.72] pg/ml, P < 0.05). The serum level of IgA was markedly elevated in the low- and high-concentration PPP groups as compared with that in the control ([0.25 +/- 0.37] and [0.31 +/- 0.42] vs [0.19 +/- 0.14] mg/ml, P < 0.05), and so was that of IgM ([0.23 +/- 0.41] and [0.34 +/- 0.58 ] vs [0.17 +/- 0.33] mg/ml, P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the levels of regulatory T cells Th1/Th2.

CONCLUSIONBoth low and high concentrations of purified prostatic proteins can be used for the construction of autoimmune prostatitis models in rats, while low concentration is preferable for its advantages of lower mortality of the rats and inducement of more consistent manifestations of autoimmune prostatitis.

Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases ; blood ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Male ; Prostatic Secretory Proteins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Prostatitis ; blood ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar