Abstract: Objective　To understand the density changes and seasonal fluctuation of larvae and adults of Aedes albopictus in Hainan Province from 2017 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of dengue fever and other vector-borne diseases in Hainan Province. Methods　The Breteau index method was used to monitor the larvae of Aedes mosquitoes, and the breeding sites of all small indoor and outdoor water containers and their larvae was checked and recorded. The adult mosquitoes were monitored by double lamination and light trap. Results　A total of 1 962 adult female Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were captured in Hainan Province from 2017 to 2021, accounting for 2.17% of the total captured mosquitoes. There were significant differences in mosquito species composition in different habitats in different years (χ2=312.258, P<0.01). In 2017, the density of mosquitoes in livestock sheds was the highest (9.71 per lamp·night), but the composition ratio of Aedes albopictus was the lowest (1.29%). In 2020, the mosquito density in hospitals was the lowest (2.22 mosquitoes per lamp·night), and in 2019, the proportion of Aedes albopictus in residential areas and hospitals was the highest (3.27% on average).The mosquito density in different habitats was the lowest in 2020. The proportion of Aedes albopictus in residential areas and livestock sheds showed an increasing trend from 2017 to 2021, while the proportion of other habitats showed significant fluctuations. The proportion of Aedes albopictus in hospitals showed an obvious decreasing trend in 2020. From 2017 to 2021, the average mosquito density was 5.97, 4.26, 3.82, 3.39 and 3.68 mosquitoes per lamp·night, respectively, showing a decreasing trend year by year except 2021. Except for 2019, the lure index also showed a decreasing trend, with an average value of 1.5/(hour·net), showing a decreasing trend year by year. From 2017 to 2021, the annual average density of Aedes albopictus in Hainan Province was 0.09 mosquitoes per lamp·night, showing obvious seasonal fluctuation. The Breteau index showed a slow decline from 2017 to 2021, and its annual peak was between June and August, which was 1-2 months later than the peak of adult mosquito density. Conclusions　The population density of Aedes albopictus in Hainan shows obvious seasonal characteristics. Mosquito control activities should be carried out according to the seasonal characteristics of mosquitoes to reduce the risk of dengue fever and other infectious diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment including ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure to improve the prenatal survival rate of fetus with neck mass.Methods Multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model were carried out in four pregnancy women with fetal neck mass from September 2007 to February 2010.The model included prenatal assessment and monitoring,EXIT procedure during cesarean section,neonatal reassessment and surgical treatment by the cooperation of obstetricians,neonatologists,children surgeons,sonographers and anesthetists.Results All patients underwent cesarean section after 37gestational weeks.Mean delivery time was 37+4 weeks (37-38+3 weeks); mean birth weight was 2972 g (2600-3250 g); mean operation time was 4 min (2-7 min).The gestational age of primary diagnosis of fetal neck mass was 24-34 gestational weeks.After delivery,the size of neck mass was from 3.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm to 6.2 cm× 5.8 cm × 6.8 cm.The tracheal compression and displacement were found by color doppler ultrasound scan and magnetic resonance imaging in all cases.Two of them were completed with polyhydramnios and the others with normal volume of amniotic fluid.EXIT procedure was successfully carried out during cesarean section.Neonatal reassessment showed the trachea of three infants were obviously compressed and lapsed by enhanced CT; the infants relied on mechanical ventilation after birth and underwent operation on day 6 to 8.Tracheal impression was not presented in one infant and trachea cannula was removed on the second day,operation was not performed.All of those infants had good outcomes.Conclusions The multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model,including EXIT procedure,is a safe,efficient and feasible strategy,which is necessary for fetus with neck mass.

OBJECTIVETo construct tissue-engineered neural complex in vitro and study its effect in repairing acutely injured spinal cord in adult rats.

METHODSNeural stem cells were harvested from the spinal cord of embryo rats and propagated in vitro. Then the neural stem cells were seeded into polyglycolic acid scaffolds and co-cultured with extract of embryonic spinal cord in vitro. Immunofluorescence histochemistry and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the microstructure of this complex. Animal model of spine semi-transection was made and tissue-engineered neural complex was implanted by surgical intervention. Six weeks after transplantation, functional evaluation and histochemistry were applied to evaluate the functional recovery and anatomic reconstruction.

RESULTSThe tissue-engineered neural complex had a distinct structure, which contained neonatal neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. After tissue-engineered neural complex was implanted into the injured spinal cord, the cell components such as neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, could survive and keep on developing. The adult rats suffering from spinal cord injury got an obvious neurological recovery in motor skills.

CONCLUSIONSThe tissue-engineered neural complex appears to have therapeutic effects on the functional recovery and anatomic reconstruction of the adult rats with spinal cord injury.

Animals ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; surgery ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

OBJECTIVETo make multi-central clinical evaluation for three-part massage therapy for treatment of insomnia of deficiency of both the heart and spleen.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-six cases were randomly divided into a test group (n = 84) and a control group (n = 82). Multi-central, randomized and controlled methods were adopted. The test group were treated by the three-part massage therapy, i. e. acupoints at the head, abdomen and back were massaged, once each day; and the control group by oral administration of Guipi Pills [symbol: see text], 8 pills each time, thrice daily. The treatment was given for 15 consecutive days and then the therapeutic effects were observed.

RESULTSSixty-seven cases were cured, 11 markedly effective, 3 effective, and 3 ineffective in the test group, and the corresponding figures were 10, 21, 29 and 22 in the control group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.001). The test group was superior to the control group in improvement for Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Sleepless Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Sleepless Depression Scale (SDS) (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe three-part massage therapy has definite therapeutic effect on insomnia of deficiency of both the heart and spleen with safety.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; therapy

To discuss the effects on early warning of measles, using the neural networks.Based on the available data through monthly and weekly reports on measles from January 1986 to August 2006 in Wuhan city. The modal was developed using the neural networks to predict and analyze the prevalence and incidence of measles. When the dynamic time series modal was established with back propagation(BP) networks consisting of two layers, if p was assigned as 9, the convergence speed was acceptable and the correlation coefficient was equal to 0.85. It was more acceptable for monthly forecasting the specific value, but better for weekly forecasting the classification under probabilistic neural networks (PNN). When data was big enough to serve the purpose, it seemed more feasible for early warning using the two-layer BP networks. However, when data was not enough, then PNN could be used for the purpose of prediction. This method seemed feasible to be used in the system for early warning.

BACKGROUNDTo explore the cut-off period of subclassification and pathological features of severe hepatitis (SH).

METHODSBased on combined clinical and pathological analyses, the complete clinical and biopsy or autopsy liver tissues data from 196 cases of patients with severe hepatitis were investigated. Meanwhile, proliferative hepatocytes, cholangioepithelia and collagens were identified by a panel of monoclonal antibodies such as those against albumin, cytokeratin 18,19 and collagen I, III with immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe clinical and pathological analyses indicated the cut-off periods of acute, subacute and chronic SH (ASH,SSH and CSH) were (13.4+/-7.2) d, (77.4+/-69.3) d and (80.5+/-63.2) d, respectively. Among all SH cases, one case of ASH patient presented clinical manifestation and pathological changes of ASH for 21 days, however, one patient with SSH was demonstrated 12 day course by histological examination. The time of cut-off period between ASH and SSH in child cases was shorter than that in adult cases. Histologically, ASH liver tissues showed massive and/or submassive necrosis caused by one attack, with congestive sinusoid frameworks and proliferative cholangioepithelium-like hepatocytes, while SSH liver tissues presented combined fresh and old submassive or massive necrosis caused by multiple attacks, accompanied by obviously proliferative bile ducts and sinusoid framework collapse.However, the pathological changes of CSH showed ASH- or SSH-like lesions on the background of chronic liver injury.

CONCLUSIONOur data indicated that the cut-off period between ASH and SSH is in accordance with the Scheme of Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Therapy, China, published in 2000, but excluded a part of child SH cases. In our study, the authors found a few pathological features in ASH and SSH.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Female ; Hepatitis ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Keratins, Type I ; metabolism ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Shengjiangsan was recorded in a medical book Treatise on Cold-induced Disorders and Plague written in the Qing Dynasty. This prescription， consisting of four drugs： Bombyx， cicada slough， Turmeric and Rhubarb， is simple but effective in regulating Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors. In recent years， the researches on the mechanism of this prescription have been continuously expanded and deepened. According to the collected data， Shengjiangsan is widely used in the treatment of various clinical diseases. The concept of systemic inflammatory response syndrome （SIRS） was first proposed in the 1990s， and it refers to the pathophysiological state caused by self-amplified cascade inflammatory response and inflammatory factor storm arising from infectious or non-infectious factors. In recent years， the treatment of SIRS has gradually become the current focus and hotspot. Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） and novel coronavirus pneumonia （COVID-19） often die from SIRS progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome （MODS） or even multiple organ failure （MOF）. Interleukin -1 receptor antagonist， anti-bradykinin， platelet activating factor receptor antagonist and other commonly used drugs in clinical treatment of SIRS have not achieved satisfactory results， so it is urgent to find drugs to improve SIRS status. Shengjiangsan is recommended as an initial prescription in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment plan for SARS and COVID-19， and its antiviral effect may be related to preventing SIRS from transforming into MODS. Pharmacological studies have shown that Shengjiangsan can regulate the immune imbalance of SIRS to achieve a balance by intervening various inflammatory factors and their signaling pathways. At present， there are few reports on the treatment of SIRS with Shengjiangsan. Therefore， the theoretical analysis of Shengjiangsan and its clinical research and pharmacological mechanism in the treatment of SIRS are discussed here to broaden the thinking for clinical practice and experimental research.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between serum iron(SI) and essential hypertension (EHT) based on population-based samples.

METHODSUsing clustering multistage sampling method, all the people above 18 years old in the target population were investigated. Blood pressure was measured and the questionnaire was used to find out related factors. Five milliliters fast vein blood were drawn and the serum were used for testing on serum iron (SI) and other elements such as blood sugar, cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), serum sodium, serum potassium, serum calcium etc. A case control study was carried out with EHT patients from the selected population as case group, and the other healthy peoples as controls. Database was created by Fox Pro and SPSS 10.0 was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe concentrations of SI, with (17.75 +/- 7.66) micromol/ L in EHT group and (17.23 +/- 7.83) micromol/L in control group, showed statistical difference (P < 0.05) between the two groups. The concentrations of SI also showed statistical difference (P < 0.05) between the high DBP and normal group with the average level as (17.84 +/- 7.58) micromol/L in high DBP group and (17.26 +/- 7.85) micromol/L in normal group. Data from monovariate analysis showed that the increase of SI was a risk factor for EHT, DBP and SBP. By multivariate analysis for EHT, while SI still existed in the model (OR = 1.296, 95% CI: 1.057-1.590), but for SBP the results almost remained the same (OR = 1.285, 95% CI:1.102-1.498).

CONCLUSIONData from the results showed that SI was probably a risk factor for EHT.

Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; blood ; epidemiology ; Iron ; blood ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence state of essential hypertension in the countryside of Zhangwu county, Liaoning province to confirm whether this county is the high prevalence region of essential hypertension.

METHODSFive thousand, two hundred and eight 15-year olds or older were sampled by means of whole population random sampling. Blood pressure was measured and the related risk factors were investigated with the uniform questionnaire. SPSS 10.0 of statistical software was used for data analysis.

RESULTSThe standardized prevalence rate of hypertension was 35.0% at this region, 40.0% in male, 32.0% in female. The prevalence rates of hypertension were increased with the increasing of the age in both males and females. There were significant statistically differences in the prevalence rates of hypertension between the different age groups, different countrysides and different villages. The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension were 43.0% the highest and 29.0% lowest respectively in the countryside, with prevalence rates, were 59.4% highest and 26.9% lowest respectively in the village. In all the patients with hypertension, 72.0% having hypertension II, III.

CONCLUSIONThe countryside of Zhangwu county was a high prevalence region of essential hypertension which was unusual in our country. The reason of this status was still unknown which called for further study.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo identify epidemic status of murine typhus in Hongta areas of Yuxi city and to provide evidence for control and prevention of the disease.

METHODSSerologic survey was conducted among residents and rodents. Isolation of Rickettsia moseri was performed.

RESULTSThe overall infection rate among general population was 28.92% (96/332) with geometric meantiter (GMT) as 10.83 and there was no difference between males and females (26.71%, 43/161 vs. 30.99%, 53/171, P > 0.05). Significant differences were found between age groups (P < 0.05) with positive rates of 29.63% (8/27), 18.06% (13/72), 39.62% (42/106), 27.50% (22/80) and 23.40% (11/47) among age groups 0-6, 7-18, 19-39, 40-59 and over 60, respectively. The overall rate of infection in mouse was 44.95% (89/198) with GMT as 30.30. Five isolates of R. moseri from mouse specimen, three from fleas plus one case of murine typhus were diagnosed. Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus were the predominant species of rodent animals (99.49%, 197/198) and Xenopsylla cheopis was the major species of vector (74.26%, 303/408). Flea index and mouse density were 2.06 and 11.13% respectively.

CONCLUSIONHigh infection rates on R. moseri were demonstrated in rodents and residents as well as high risk of murine typhus outbreak might occur in these areas.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Rats ; Rodent Diseases ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; transmission ; Siphonaptera ; microbiology ; Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; transmission ; Young Adult