M2 type of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is one of the most important regulatory molecules in glycolysis,which at high level is a major feature of tumor cells.Besides,PKM2 also regulates gene transcription and cell cycle,promoting the formation,invasion and migration of tumors.Meanwhile,PKM2 can beregulated by many transcription factors,oncogene proteins,miRNA and intermediate metabolites.Extensive studies indicated that PKM2 plays an important role in the developmental tumor.In view of the significance of PKM2 in tumor cells,it holds promise for diagnosis and treatment benefits.

BACKGROUND:The phenomenon of atrophy or reduction of muscle, causing degenerative changes of muscle functions, appears along with age. Sports training, in which muscle satelite cels are of great importance, is beneficial to increase in muscle mass and improvement of muscle function.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize regulatory mechanism of satelite cels in skeletal muscle mass; changes of satelite muscle cels in the degenerative process of muscle mass and strength; declining and reverse effects of sports training intervention; situations and problems of current research and prospective of the future.
METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed database by using the key words of “sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, satelite cels” from 1986 to 2015. The language was limited to English. The eligible papers were further analyzed and reviewed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 168 papers were screened. Finaly, 39 papers were selected according to the titles and objectives. Skeletal muscle atrophy is shown as II type muscle fiber atrophy, and the II type muscle fiber satelite cel content decreases simultaneously. Exercise is beneficial to increase muscle mass and improve muscle function in older people. Both resistance and endurance trainings can increase the skeletal muscle, especialy the II muscle fiber satelite cel content with a further increase in the satelite cel activation and proliferation. The number and activation degree of satelite cels are related to muscle aging, and satelite cels and proliferation factors regulate muscle cel formation. Therefore, future researches should not only focus on the increase of satelite cel bank, but also explore effective ways to promote the activation of satelite cels, such as exercise training, nutrition and drugs.

Objective To investigate the effect of astragaloside,one of the active components of astragalus membranaceus,on myocardial nerve growth factor(NGF)expression in murine myocarditis model with coxsackievirus B(CVB_3).Methods One hundred Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups.Group A [n=10,treated with carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) 0.1 mL,ig,for 1 week] were served as normal controls group and group B(n=10,treated with 9% astragaloside 0.1 mL,ig,for 1 week)as high-dose control.Eighty infected mice treated with CMC and 1%,3%,9% astragaloside 0.1 mL,ig,for 1 week (n=20 in each group)were served as group C(myocarditic control group),D(low-dose intervention group),E(middle-dose intervention group),F(high-dose intervention group),respectively.The mice were killed and their hearts were removed after 14 days.The expression levels of NGF mRNA and protein in the myocardium were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results The mortality was significantly reduced in 9% astragaloside treated infected mice that was 10%(2/20)vs 45%(9/20)in group C(P

Objective Postictal language testing can provide useful diagnostic information for seizure lateralization.However no such a study based on non-English language was done previously.We investigated the latency of language recovery in Chinese patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods Complex partial seizures in patients with TLE were extracted from our video-electroencephalogram (EEG) database.For all patients,consciousness testing started as soon as seizures were detected.When they were alert and cooperative,they were asked to read out a sentence “昨晚他们听到老在电台里讲话”which was printed on a card.When the patients were able to read the sentence correctly,the language function was considered recovered.Results Totally 65 complex partial seizures from 22 cases of TLE (11 left and 11 right) were included.Patients were cooperative to language testing in 54 seizures (83％).The latency for consciousness recovery (CRL) and latency for consciousness language recovery (LRL) were not associated with seizure duration,but the seizure lateralization.The CRL (median,161 s) and LRL (281 s) in the left TLE were statistically significantly longer than that in the right TLE (30 s,54 s respectively).Using 150 s recovery time as bound language recovery ratio was 87％ (27/31) in right TLE and 13％ (3/23) in left TLE.Conclusion Postictal language testing based on ideographic Chinese words helps to establish seizure lateralization in patients with TLE.

Objective To explore the MSCT manifestations of pulmonary focal ground-glass opacity (GGO)nodules with differ-ent pathological types.Methods The thin-layer CT images of 87 patients with GGO nodules were retrospectively reviewed.Of them, 57 cases were confirmed by surgery and pathology,including 8 inflammations,2 benign tumors,1 1 adenomatous hyperplasias (AAH),1 9 carcinomas in situ (AIS),and 1 7 adenocarcinomas.The other 30 cases were followed up without surgery.Results Blur edge was found in 6 of the 8 inflammations (75.0%).However,the organized pneumonias showed large irregular shape with clear edge.Of 30 pre-infiltrating lesions (AAH or AIS),28 (93.3%)were ranged from 0.8 cm to 2.0 cm,26 (86.7%)were round or nearly round,25 (83.8%)showed clear edge,and 25 (83.8%)had blood vessels penetrated signs.Of 17 adenocarcinomas,15 (88.2%) were larger than 2.0 cm,13 (76.5%)showed irregular or lobular shape,8 (47.0%)showed coarse edge,and 10 (58.8%)had pleural indentation signs.Of 36 AISs and adenocarcinomas,9 were solid components (specificity of 95.2%),5 had vacuole signs (specificity of 95.2%),and 13 had penetrated and enlarged blood vessels (specificity of 100%).Conclusion There are characteristic MSCT appearances for different pathological types of GGOs.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum tumor markers and cervical cancer by using Logistic regression, and to further establish the diagnosis model of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) in cervical cancer by using chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) analysis of decision tree.Methods Total of 581 cases of cervical cancer,342 cases of cervical benign diseases and 341 cases of healthy controls who detected tumor markers in Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang during 2010-2013, were retrospectively studied.The test results of carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), SCC, and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) were reviewed.The Logistic regression were firstly used in screening the related tumor markers of cervical cancer, and then the CHAID method of decision tree was used in determining the values of the related tumor markers on the diagnosis of cervical cancer.The SCC elevated cases of uterine disease from January 2014 to December 2014 were collected to verify the diagnostic value of SCC in cervical cancer patients.Results Logistic regression analysis showed that among the 5 tumor markers which might be associated with cervical cancer, SCC was the only one which had statistical significance between cervical cancer and cervical benign diseases (Wald x2 =22.120,P =0.000), the OR and its 95％ CI was 1.900 (1.454-2.483).With the SCC numerical increases, the proportion of patients with cervical cancer also gradually increased, when SCC ＞ 2.20 μg/L, the positive predictive value was 94.7％.In 284 cases of SCC higher than 2.20 μg/L who considered as uterus related diseases, there were 270 cases (95.1％) who were eventually confirmed as cervical cancer.Conclusion There was a good diagnostic value of SCC for cervical cancer patients.

Background & Objective: Early life stresses, such as social isolation, have lasting effects on the development of emotion and behavior, in which vasopressin plays important roles. This study aimed to assess the possible association of central release of vasopressin with social isolation. Methods: The social isolation model was performed in male mice who endured 6-week social isolation after weaning. Vasopressin expression in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) was measured with immunohistochemistry. Released vasopressin from PVN was measured with radioimmunoassay. Results: Vasopressin immunoreactive cells number decreased in the PVN, medial parvocellular division in social isolation-reared mice, compared to the group-reared counterparts. Social isolation decreased short social exposure-induced vasopressin release from PVN. Isolation-reared mice exhibited anxiogenic profile and difficulty in social recognition. Conclusions: This study provides new evidence for the important role of vasopressin in the development of emotional and social behaviors.

Objective To compare the clinical curative effect and the pros and cons of microwave intracavitary minimally invasive treatment and traditional operation for varicose veins in lower extremities.Methods(Treatment) group:The varicosities of greater saphenous vein were treated by microwave coagulation intracavitary treatment together with injection coagulation treatment of its tributaries. Control group:The varicosities of(greater) saphenous vein were treated by traditional operation.Results Treatment group was better than control group in improvement of symptoms,cosmetic effect of diseased limb,operation time,amount of blood loss,length of hospital stay,and complications of operation.Conclusions Microwave coagulation intracavitary treatment of varicose veins in lower extremities has more advantages,such as minimally invasive,little pain,quick recovery,good cosmetic effect,better result,fewer complications,and simplicity of operation.

Objective:To observe the changes in the anatomy of anterior segment before and after phacoemulsification for treatment of angle-closure glaucoma by Pentacam system,so as to assess the efficacy of phacoemulsification combined with artificial lens implantation(ALI)in treatment of early-and middle-stage angle-closure glaucoma.Methods:Forty-two patients with early-and middle-stage angle-closure glaucoma(44 eyes)were included in the present study.The central anterior chamber depth,anterior chamber volume and peripheral anterior chamber angle were examined by Pentacam system pre-operatively and 1 day,1 week and 3 months post operatively.Meanwhile,A ultrasound was used to examine the anterior chamber depth before and 3 months after operation.and the results were compared with those by Pentacam system.Results:Pentacam system could clearly demonstrate the 3-dimensional structures of the anterior eye segment before and after operation.The central anterior chamber depth,anterior chamber volume and anterior chamber angle were increased significantly after operation(P

Objective To evaluate the role of GABAA receptors in uninjured dorsal root ganglion(L4DRG)in a rat model of neuropathic pain.Methods Thirty adult female SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 10 each): control group(group C),muscimol group(group M)and bicuculline group(group B).Neuropathic pain was produced by L5 spinal nerve ligation.Normal saline 50 μl,GABAA receptor agonist-muscimol 50 μl or GABAA receptor antagonist- bicucullin 50 μl was injected into the L4 DRG.The thermal pain threshold and mechanical pain threshold were measured and recorded from 1 day before operation to 10 days after operation.Results Compared with group C,the mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased(P ＜ 0.05),while no significant difference was found in thermal pain threshold in group M(P ＞ 0.05),and the thermal pain threshold and mechanical pain threshold were significantly decreased in group B(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activation of GABAA receptors in uninjured DRG is involved in mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain,but it dose not play a leading role.