Objective To assess the efficacy of the mixtures of different concentrations of ropivacaine(R) and chloroprocaine(C)for epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing hysterectomy.Methods Sixty ASAⅠorⅡpatients aged 27-56 weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective hysterectomy were randomly divided into 4 groups(n= 15 each);groupⅠ0.75% R alone;groupⅡ0.5% R-1% C;groupⅢ0.5% R-1.5% C and groupⅣ0.75% R+1% C.The epidural catheter was placed at L_(2,3)interspace and advanced 3.5 cm into the epidural space in cephalad direction.A total of 22 ml of epidural solution was injected in each group.The onset time,block height and duration of sensory block and the onset time,degree and duration of motor block(using Bromage scale)were assessed.The use of supplementary drugs(ketamine and ephedrine)and side effects were recorded.Results The onset time of sensory and motor block was significantly shorter in groupⅡ,ⅢandⅣthan in groupⅠ(0.75% R alone).The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly shorter in groupⅡandⅢthan in groupⅠandⅣ.The incidence of hypotension was significantly increased but the incidence of discomfort produced by traction on the viscera during operation was reduced in groupⅣas compared with groupⅠ.Conclusion The anesthetic efficacy of epidural 0.5% ropivacaine is significantly enhanced when mixed with 1.0% or 1.5% chloroprocaine.

A novel strain,which could use 2-hydroxypyridine (2HP) as the sole source of carbon,nitrogen,and energy,was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil at the Liaohe estuarine wetland.Strain 2PR was identified as Arthrobacter based on the morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequence.The optimum growth and degradation condition upon 2PR is 30℃ and pH 7.0,respectively.Under this condition,2HP degradation rate were 97.34％,94.95％,94.48％ and 89.21％ with 2,4,6 and 8 mg/ml initial concentration of 2HP at 42,96,120 and 156 h,respectively.Strain growth and 2HP degradation kinetics studies indicated that the strain followed Logisitic model,which could provide a theoretical and technical reference for the biodegradation of 2HP.The color of strain 2PR culture upon 2HP-MSN changed from colorless to blue,and then turned to brown.The blue pigment,which was observed at the culture of strain 2PR,was identified as 4,5,4',5'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-diazadiphenoquinone-(2,2') by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis.The LC-MS signal with m/z =249.1 was observed in resting cells reaction sample with 2HP as the substrate.The degradation of 2HP might be achieved by a dioxygenase to produce 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine,which could transformed to the blue pigment spontaneously,and then 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine was converted with an pyridine-ring cleavage reaction.Among all the reported strains,strain 2PR has the strongest tolerance and the highest 2HP degradation efficiency at present.The strain has a promising application potential for 2HP waste treatment.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Transplantation, Homologous

Objective To analyse effects of the serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) on antithyroid drugs (ATD) treatment in patients with incipient Graves disease (GD). Methods A total of 121 patients with incipient GD, who were used anti thyroid drugs for 12 months, were included in this study. Patients were dvided into two groups:TPOAb negative group (TPOAb≤35 IU/mL, n=49) and TPOAb positive group (TPOAb>35 IU/mL, n=72). According to the degree of TPOAb drops the TPOAb positive group was sub-divided into low level positive group (35 IU/mL1 000 IU/mL, n=20). The ATD total dosage for 12 months and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which returned to normal rate after treatment of 3, 6 and 12 months, were compared between groups. Results ATD total dose was lower in TPOAb positive group (1 743.82±265.38) mg than that of negative group (1 889.18 ±125.51) mg. The ATD total dosages were (1 759.71±230.29) mg, (1 793.75±299.02) mg, (1 731.54± 236.44) mg and (1 710.00 ± 290.73) mg for low level TPOAb positive group, medium level TPOAb positive group, high level TPOAb positive group, and very high level TPOAb positive group respectively. The recovering ratio of TSH was significantly higher in TPOAb positive group than that of TPOAb negative group after 3-month treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion TPOAb positive serum can lead to shorten the course of ATD treatment and reduce the total amount of ATD treatment in GD patients.

Objective To study the influence of carboxymethyl-chitosan(CM-chitosan)on chondro- cyte apoptosis induced by recombinant human interleukin-1?(rhIL-1?)and explore its mechanism.Methods Rabbit chondrocytes were isolated and cultured.Chondrocytes were pretreated with different concentrations of CM-chitosan for 1 h,then 10 ng/ml IL-1?were added into the culture medium.After 24 h,the apoptotic rates of chondrocytes were measured by flow cytometry with AnnexinⅤ-FITC and PI staining.The morphology of nuclei was observed by fluorescent microscopy with Hoechst 33342 staining.The mitochondrial membrane po- tentials were tested by confocal laser scanning microsocopy with Rhodamine-123 and ATP contents were mea- sured by luciferase reaction.Results CM-chitosan could inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis and restore the func- tion of mitochondria induced by IL-113 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion CM-ehitosan can inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis by protecting mitochondrial function.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Chromatography, Gas ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; chemistry ; Phosphines ; analysis ; blood ; poisoning

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods

Appropriate selection and measurement of lead biomarkers of exposure are critically important for health care management purposes, public health decision making, and primary prevention synthesis. Lead is one of the neurotoxicants that seems to be involved in the etiology of psychologies. Biomarkers are generally classified into three groups: biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility.The main body compartments that store lead are the blood, soft tissues, and bone; the half-life of lead in these tissues is measured in weeks for blood, months for soft tissues, and years for bone. Within the brain, lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, such as brain damage, mental retardation, behavioral problems, nerve damage, and possibly Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsons disease, and schizophrenia. This paper presents an overview of biomarkers of lead exposure and discusses the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children and adults.
Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Animals ; Behavior ; drug effects ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Brain Diseases ; chemically induced ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lead ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Lead Poisoning ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Schizophrenia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the factors associated with hyporesponsiveness to erythropoietin (EPO) in patients on maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD) . Methods Data of 114 PD patients in our PD center were collected . Patients were divided into three groups according to weekly EPO dose: hyperresponsive, hyporesponsive and normal responsive . Various factors were compared among three groups by linear correlation and ordinal regression analysis to predict EPO resistance . Results As compared to hyperresponsive and normal responsive groups,significantly lower serum hemoglobin [(78 .11±13 .42) vs (106 .28±23 .83), (96 .31±12 .33) g/L],albumin [(33 .98±4 .78) vs (39 .72±4 .26), (35 .76±4 .88) g/L], and significantly higher serum CRP [(26 .08±21 .66) vs (5 .46±1 .75), (11 .82±5 .63) mg/L], ferritin [(371 .08±89 .38) vs (289 .39±76 .84),(323 .07±62 .46) μg/L] were found in hyporesponsive group(all P ＜ 0 .01) . Erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) was correlated with CRP and albumin . Regression analysis showed that serum albumin,CRP and ferritin were strong predictors of EPO hyporespnsiveness . Conclusions Serum albumin,CRP and ferritin are closely related to hyporesponsiveness . Malnutrition and inflammatory state contribute to EPO hyporesponsiveness .

Objective To evaluate the functional outcomes and complications of patients with bone tumors who were treated with the excision-alcoholization-replantation (EAR) method. Methods From August 1965 to August 2003, 191 patients treated with the EAR method who had suitable follow-up were evaluated in our department, including 102 males and 89 females with an average age of 20 years (range, 10-62). On the basis of Enneking tumor staging, 136 patients were identified II B stage, 25 I B stage, and 30 invasive benign tumors and tumor-like lesion. The length of the resected part ranged from 5 cm to 26 cm, with marginal resection in 30 cases, wide resection in 116. The oncological parameters that were evaluated included survival of the patients, local recurrence, and metastasis. Complications included non-union, infection, and fracture of the grafts. Mankin evaluation system was used to assess functional outcomes. Results The mean follow-up time was 32 months (range, 1-372), 52 patients died with disease at the final follow-up. Five-year survival rates of high grade sarcoma and low grade sarcoma were 59% and 90%, respectively, with statistical significance (P=0.02). Lung metastasis were demonstrated in 52 patients (27.2%, 52/191), 51 (26.7%, 51/191) had local recurrence. Except the tumor factor, the total complication rate was 50.3%(96/191). Local complications included 33 nonunion (17.3%, 33/191), 39 fracture of the grafts (20.4%, 39/191), 39 infections of the graft (20.4%, 39/191), 15 fracture of internal fixation (7.9%, 15/191), 5 instability or semiluxation of the joint (2.6%, 5/191). The 5-year survival rate of inactivated bone was 55%. On the basis of Mankin functional evaluation, the satisfied rate was 50.3%. At last there were 141 patients (73.8%, 141/191) preserved their extremities. Conclusion Compared to other methods in the same period, EAR method is considered on the same level of safety in oncology, which superiorities are economic-applicable to patients and the well fitness of bone graft with the defects.