Objectives: This study evaluates the efficacy of a new temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule suspension technique for stabilizing the TMJ after free fibular flap reconstruction of the mandibular condyle. Patients and Methods: Patients undergoing the TMJ capsule suspension technique during free fibular flap reconstruction after mandibulectomy with condylectomy (study group; n=9) were compared with a control group (n=9). Mandibular movement trajectory and surface electromyographic signals of bilateral masseters were recorded. The neocondyle–disc relationship was examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 6 months after surgery. Results: Maximal mouth opening and bilateral marginal movement distances were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). The asymmetry index of the condyle path length was significantly higher in controls (P=0.02). Bilateral mouth opening trajectories were symmetric in 7 patients and deviated to the affected side in 2 patients in the study group; they deviated to the affected side in all controls. The mean electromyographic values of the masseter on the affected side in resting, maximum bite, and chewing states were comparable between the two groups (P=0.13, P=0.65, and P=0.82, respectively). On MRI at 6 months, the thicknesses of the anterior, medial, and posterior bands and TMJ disc length were similar on the affected and normal sides in the study group (P=0.57, P=0.13, P=0.48, and P=0.87, respectively). Conclusion The proposed TMJ capsule suspension technique could improve postoperative TMJ structure and function after fibular free flap reconstruction following mandibulectomy with condylectomy.

Objectives: This study evaluates the efficacy of a new temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule suspension technique for stabilizing the TMJ after free fibular flap reconstruction of the mandibular condyle. Patients and Methods: Patients undergoing the TMJ capsule suspension technique during free fibular flap reconstruction after mandibulectomy with condylectomy (study group; n=9) were compared with a control group (n=9). Mandibular movement trajectory and surface electromyographic signals of bilateral masseters were recorded. The neocondyle–disc relationship was examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 6 months after surgery. Results: Maximal mouth opening and bilateral marginal movement distances were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). The asymmetry index of the condyle path length was significantly higher in controls (P=0.02). Bilateral mouth opening trajectories were symmetric in 7 patients and deviated to the affected side in 2 patients in the study group; they deviated to the affected side in all controls. The mean electromyographic values of the masseter on the affected side in resting, maximum bite, and chewing states were comparable between the two groups (P=0.13, P=0.65, and P=0.82, respectively). On MRI at 6 months, the thicknesses of the anterior, medial, and posterior bands and TMJ disc length were similar on the affected and normal sides in the study group (P=0.57, P=0.13, P=0.48, and P=0.87, respectively). Conclusion The proposed TMJ capsule suspension technique could improve postoperative TMJ structure and function after fibular free flap reconstruction following mandibulectomy with condylectomy.

Objectives: This study evaluates the efficacy of a new temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule suspension technique for stabilizing the TMJ after free fibular flap reconstruction of the mandibular condyle. Patients and Methods: Patients undergoing the TMJ capsule suspension technique during free fibular flap reconstruction after mandibulectomy with condylectomy (study group; n=9) were compared with a control group (n=9). Mandibular movement trajectory and surface electromyographic signals of bilateral masseters were recorded. The neocondyle–disc relationship was examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 6 months after surgery. Results: Maximal mouth opening and bilateral marginal movement distances were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). The asymmetry index of the condyle path length was significantly higher in controls (P=0.02). Bilateral mouth opening trajectories were symmetric in 7 patients and deviated to the affected side in 2 patients in the study group; they deviated to the affected side in all controls. The mean electromyographic values of the masseter on the affected side in resting, maximum bite, and chewing states were comparable between the two groups (P=0.13, P=0.65, and P=0.82, respectively). On MRI at 6 months, the thicknesses of the anterior, medial, and posterior bands and TMJ disc length were similar on the affected and normal sides in the study group (P=0.57, P=0.13, P=0.48, and P=0.87, respectively). Conclusion The proposed TMJ capsule suspension technique could improve postoperative TMJ structure and function after fibular free flap reconstruction following mandibulectomy with condylectomy.

Objective To explore the changes in the expression of glucose transporters 1/4(GLUT1/4)and Sirtuins in the retina of rats with diabetes.Methods Twenty 8-week-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divid-ed into normal control and diabetic groups.Rats in the diabetic group received a disposable intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg·kg-1 streptozotocin to induce the diabetes model,while rats in the normal control group were injected with an equiva-lent amount of solvent.Body weight and blood glucose were measured at 2-week intervals.At 12 weeks after modeling,color Doppler ultrasound was applied to detect blood flow parameters in the central retinal artery(CRA)of rats;after an-esthetizing rats with sodium pentobarbital,eyeballs were harvested,and the pathological changes of rat retinal tissue were observed by hematoxylin & eosin(HE)staining.The expression of messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)for GLUT 1/4 and Sirtuins in the retina of rats were detected by immunohistochemical staining,Western blot and quantitative of reverse tran-scription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),respectively.Results At 12 weeks after modeling,compared with the normal control group,peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity were significantly lower in CRA of rats in the diabetic group(both P＜0.001);there were no significant differences in resistance index and pulsatility index(both P＞0.05).The HE staining results at 12 weeks after modeling showed that rats in the normal control group had clear structure in each layer of retinal tissues,closely and regularly arranged cells,and no obvious pathological changes;rats in the diabetic group showed decreased retinal thickness,blurred boundary of each layer,disordered structure and reduced cell number.Immu-nohistochemical staining at 12 weeks after modeling showed that GLUT 1 was mainly located in the retinal pigment epithelial layer of rats,and GLUT 4 was located in the ganglion cell layer,inner plexiform layer and photoreceptor layer.Western blot results showed that the relative expression of GLUT1 and GLUT 4 protein in the diabetic group were lower than that in the normal control group(both P＜0.05),and the relative expression of SIRT1-SIRT7 protein in the retina of rats in the di-abetic group were lower than those of the normal control group(all P＜0.05).qRT-PCR showed a decreased relative ex-pression of SIRT1-SIRT7 mRNA in the retina of rats in the diabetic group compared with that of the normal control group(allP＜0.01).Conclusion Diabetes can cause altered expression of GLUT1/4 and Sirtuins in the retinal tissue of rats,and GLUT1/4 and Sirtuins may be involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of menopause-related symptoms and cognition status of menopausal hormone therapy(MHT)among menopausal women.Methods A total of 619 menopausal women with menopause-related symptoms who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were selected as the study subjects.Data were collected by questionnaire to analyze the characteristics of menopause-related symptoms,and the menopausal women's cognitive status of MHT and therapeutic effects were explored.Results Among 371 perimenopausal women,the menopause-related symptoms with the top three rates were fatigue(69.81％),insomnia(66.85％),and hot flush-sweating(58.22％).Among 248 postmenopausal women,the menopause-related symptoms with the top three rates were hot flashes and sweating(64.11％),bone and joint pain(60.89％),and fatigue(56.85％).The incidence of insomnia and fatigue in postmenopausal women was significantly lower than that in perimenopausal women(P＜0.01),while the incidence of bone and arthralgia,urinary system infection,vaginal dryness and painful intercourse was significantly higher than that in perimenopausal women(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in Kupperman score between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women(P＞0.05),but score degree distribution differed significantly(P＜0.05).Perimenopausal women had the highest proportion of mild score while postmenopausal women had the highest proportion of moderate score.There were significant differences in Kupperman score among postmenopausal women with different menopause ages,menopause years and menopause mode(P＜0.05).The earlier menopause age and shorter menopause years,the higher Kupperman score was;the Kupperman score was significantly higher in surgical menopause than in natural menopause(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age of 45-54 years old,retirement or unemployment,spouse's disease or death,abnormal sexual life,and high education level were the risk factors for the occurrence of menopausal symptoms(P＜0.05);high family income and＞3 times/week exercise were the protective factors for the occurrence of menopausal symptoms(P＜0.05).The Internet was the way that accounted for the highest proportion of menopausal women's understanding of MHT(39.92％),and the tumor accounted for the highest proportion of menopausal women's concern about MHT(33.67％).There were 465 menopausal women without MHT contraindications(89.77％)who used MHT under the guidance of professional doctors,and their symptoms improved significantly after treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion Menopausal women have obvious menopause-related symptoms,and the earlier the age,the shorter the menopause years and the more severe symptoms in the surgical menopause.Therefore,it is necessary to pay attention to the impact of menopause on the health of menopausal women and increase the use rate of MHT to improve the quality of life of menopausal women.

AIM:To study the expression of glucose transporters(GLUTs)and silent information regulators(SIRTs/sirtuins)in the liver of diabetic rats and human hepatocytes(LO2 cells)treated with high glucose.METHODS:(1)Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group and diabetes mellitus(DM)group.The rats in DM group were given single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ,60 mg/kg)to establish the DM model,while the rats in NC group were intraperitoneally injected with equal volume of solvent once.Fasting blood glucose(FBG)and body mass were measured every 2 weeks.After 12 weeks of rearing,the blood and liver tissues of the rats were ob-tained after anesthesia with 1%sodium pentobarbitone,the biochemical indicators of blood were detected,and the liver in-dex was calculated.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining were used to observe liver histopathological changes.Lipid accumulation in liver tissues was detected by oil red O staining.The expression levels of GLUTs and SIRTs family member proteins were detected in rat liver tissues.(2)The LO2 cells were treated with different concentrations of glucose for 48 h.The viability of the cells in each group was measured by CCK-8 assay,and Western blot was used to detected the protein expression levels of GLUTs and SIRTs in the cells.RESULTS:(1)Compared with NC group,the rats in DM group were depressed,lost weight,and the FBG and liver index were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The results of HE staining showed that the hepatic sinuses were dilatated and congested near the central vein in DM rats,and mild edema and scattered infiltration of inflammatory cells were found in liver cells.The results of oil red O staining showed the red fat droplets were diffusely scattered within liver cells in DM group.The results of PAS staining showed that there were numerous diffuse light purple circular droplets in the cytoplasm of the liver cells in the central ve-nous area of the DM rats.Western blot showed that the protein levels of GLUTs were higher and the protein levels of SIRTs were lower than those in NC group(P＜0.01).(2)The results of CCK-8 assay showed that the viability of LO2 cells was increased in 50 mmol/L glucose group(P＜0.01),without significant difference in 75,100 and 125 mmol/L glucose groups(all P＞0.05),and decreased in 150,175 and 200 mmol/L glucose groups(all P＜0.01).Later,150 mmol/L glu-cose was used as the high-glucose intervention condition.Western blot showed that the protein levels of GLUTs and SIRTs in LO2 cells under high glucose intervention were consistented with the results in animal experiments.CONCLUSION:High concentration of glucose can cause liver damage in SD rats and reduce the viability of human hepatocytes(LO2 cells).It can also increase the expression of GLUTs and decrease the expression of SIRTs in rat liver tissues and LO2 cells.Therefore,GLUTs and SIRTs family members may be the target proteins of diabetes-induced liver injury.

Objective:To discuss the effect of royal jelly acid(10-HDA)on the proliferation and migration of the human colon cancer SW620 cells based on the network pharmacology,and to clarify its related molecular mechanism.Methods:The active ingredients such as 10-HDA and their corresponding targets were retrieved by using the keyword"royal jelly"from the Traditiomal Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TMSCP)Database and the Traditiomal Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID);the small molecule targets were predicted by the Swiss Target Prediction Database.The GeneCards Database and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)Database were used to obtain the targets with the keyword"Colon Cancer";the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed by using the String Database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 Software to screen the core targets;the Gene Ontology(GO)function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis were analyzed by Metascape Database;the specific ingredient 10-HDA was screened for the in vitro activity experiments.The human colon cancer SW620 cells with good growth status were divided into control group and different doses(1,5,10,15,and 20 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA groups.The viabilities of the cells in various groups were detected by MTT method and the survival rates of the cells were calculated.The SW620 cells were divided into control group,low dose(5 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA group,middle dose(10 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA group,and high dose(15 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA group;Hoechst33342 staining method was used to observe the morphology of the cells in various groups;cell scratch test was used to detect the scratch healing rates of the cells in various groups;flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of the cells at different cell cycles in various groups;biochemical method was used to detect the activities of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the cells in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme-3(Caspase-3),cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme-9(Caspase-9),glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β),β-catenin,and cyclin D1 proteins in the cells in various groups.Results:Six active ingredients of royal jelly were screened out by the TCMSP Database,and 28 core targets of 10-HDA in the treatment of colon cancer were obtained.The GO function enrichment analysis mainly included the signaling pathways such as cell proliferation and apoptosis.The KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis included the cell cycle,prostate cancer,cell senescence,and p53 signaling pathways;the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway was closely related to the cell cycle.Compared with control group,the viabilities of the cells in 5,10,15,and 20 mmol·L-110-HDA groups were decreased in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the numbers of apoptotic cells in different doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased,and the scratch healing rates of the cells were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the percentages of the cells at S phase in middle and high doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the activities of T-AOC and SOD in the cells in different doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with control group,the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the cells in low dose of 10-HDA group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expression level of GSK3β protein was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with control group,the expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3,Caspase-9,and GSK3β proteins in the cells in middle and high doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the expression levels of Bcl-2,β-catenin,and CyclinD1 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:10-HDA can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of the colon cancer cells and promote the apoptosis and oxidation levels of the colon cancer cells,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Aim To explore the core target,key com-ponents and mechanism of Tibetan medicine Rhodiola crenulata in improving cerebral microcirculation based on literature research,network pharmacology,molecu-lar docking and experimental verification.Methods The chemical components of Rhodiola were collected through literature and database,and the potential tar-gets of Rhodiola crenulata were predicted by reverse pharmacophore matching.The related targets of cere-bral microcirculation disorder were obtained and targets were mapping with Rhodiola crenulata.PPI network was constructed and the core targets were screened.The regulatory network of"herb-component-target-dis-ease"was constructed and key components were screened.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were conducted,and a"Core target-Pathway-Biological Process"network was constructed.Finally,molecular docking validation was carried out,and RT-qPCR and Western blot were used for animal experiments to fur-ther confirm the results of network pharmacology analy-sis.Results A total of 76 active components of Rhodiola crenulata were obtained and corresponding to 285 targets.Altogether 1074 related targets related to cerebral microcirculation disorder were obtained.A-mong them,there were 97 common targets and the main core targets were 6.The key components were 6.The results of molecular docking showed that the bind-ing activity of three key components to the core target was greater than that of the core target protein and its original ligand.The result of RT-qPCR and Western blot demonstrated that Tibetan medicine Rhodiola cre-nulata could significantly reduce the expression of core target CASP3 and AKT1(P＜0.01).Conclusions Tibetan medicine Rhodiola crenulata can improve the cerebral microcirculation disorder through multi compo-nents,multi targets and multi pathways.This study provides an experimental basis for clinical application of Tibetan medicine Rhodiola crenulata to treat cerebral microcirculation disorder.

Iron is indispensable for the viablility of nearly all living organisms, and it is imperative for cells, tissues, and organisms to acquire this essential metal sufficiently and maintain its metabolic stability for survival. Disruption of iron homeostasis can lead to the development of various diseases. There is a robust connection between iron metabolism and infection, immunity, inflammation, and aging, suggesting that disorders in iron metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis. Numerous studies have focused on the significant role of iron metabolism in the development of arthritis and its potential for targeted drug therapy. Targeting iron metabolism offers a promising approach for individualized treatment of arthritis. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which the body maintains iron metabolism and the impacts of iron and iron metabolism disorders on arthritis. Furthermore, this review aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets and active substances related to iron metabolism, which could provide promising research directions in this field.