Objective To investigate the clinical effect of par ti al pulpotomy in the dreatment of complicated crown fracture of permanent inciso rs with pulp exposure. Methods 44 soldiers suffering from compl icated crown fracture of the incisors with exposure of pulp as a result of injur y 46 during training were enrolled for study. Altogetber teeth were treated with partial pulpotomy, and they were followed-up for 1 to 5 years. Result One of the teeth was found fo have pulp necrosis one year after treatm ent dut to falling off of the filling. The treatment failed in other toeth dut t o polpitis 2 to 4 years later. The treatment was successful in 42 teeth (91.3%) . Conclusion Partial pulpotomy was an effective treatment for c omplicated crown fracture of permanent incisors with exposureof pulp.

ObjectiveTo retrospectively analysis the role of intercostal artery reconstruction in spinal cord protection for patients with extent thoracoabdominal aotic aneurysm (TAAA) repair.MethodsFrom August 2003 to August 2010,extent Crawford Ⅱ TAAA repair were performed in 81 consecutive patients with mean age (39.4 ± 10.3) years and 61 (75.3％)were males.All the procedures were performed under profound hypothermia with interval cardiac arrest.Patientswere opened with a thoracoabdominal incision.Extracorporeal circulation was instituted with two arterial cannulae and a single venous cannula in the right atrium.T6 to T12 intercostal arteries and L1,2 lumbar arteries were formed to a neo-intercostal artery in place and were connected to an 8mm branch for keeping spinal cord blood perfusion.Visceral arteries were joined into a patch and anastomosed to the end of the main graft.Left renal artery was anastomosed to an 8mm branch or joined to the patch.The other 10mm branches were anastomosed to iliac arteries.ResultsWith 100％ follow-up,early mortality was 7.4％ (6/81),one patient was dead result from cerebral hemorrhage,three from renal failure,one from heart failure because of myocardial infarction and one from rupture of cliac artery dissection.Postoperative spinal cord deficits was 3.7％ (3/81),temporary paraplegia were observed in 2 patients and paraparesis occurred in 1 patient,but all of them were without bladder or rectum deficits.Neo- intercostal arteries were clogged in 12 patients within follow-up,and two of those patients with Marfan syndrome underwent pseudoaneurysm after intercostal arteries reconstruction.The mean survival time in this group is (54.22 ± 3.03 )months (95％ CI:44.37 months,59.90 months)with survival rate 92.37％ after 1 year,89.02％ after 2 years,85.54％ after 5 years.Three patient were dead with long term follow-up,one were resulted from cerebral hemorrhage at 20th month,one from rupture of ascending aorta at 23rd month and the last from rupture of aorta ulcer.ConclusionIntercostal artery reconstruction is a reliable method in spinal cord protection for patients with TAAA repair.It is a feasible method with acceptable surgical risks and satisfactory results.It can achieve long term result with less risk of spinal cord deficits and good quality of daily life.

Objective Retrospectively analyze the mid-term clinical results of single-stage repair of extensive aortic aneurysms with total or subtotal aortic replacement(T/STAR).This study describes our experience in this operation in single center of aortic disease at Fuwai Hospital.Methods From February 2004 to February 2011,21 patients with hypertension or Marfan syndrome underwent one-stage total or subtotal aortic replacement for aortic dissection or aortic aneurysms.16 male and 5 female,aged (34 ±9) years.Operations wore performed under circulatory arrest with profound hypothermia.Patients were opened with a mid-sternotomy and a thoracoabdominal incision.Extracorporeal circulation was instituted with two arterial cannulae and a single venous cannula in the right atrium.During cooling,the ascending aorta or aortic root was replaced.At the nasopharyngeal temperature of 20 ℃,the aortic arch was replaced with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion.Staged aortic occlusions allowed for replacement of descending thoracic and abdominal aorta.T6 to T12 intercostal arteries and L1,2 lumbar arteries were formed to a neo-intercostal artery in place and were connected to an 8 mm branch for keeping spinal cord blood perfusion.Visceral arteries were joined into a patch and anastomosed to the end of the main graft.Left renal artery was anastomosed to an 8mm branch or joined to the patch.The other 10 mm branches were anastomosed to iliac arteries.Results Early mortality was4.8％ ( 1/21 eases),the only one patient was dead result from renal failure and multiple organ failure.There were no postoperative spinal cord deficits occurred,two patients were stroked at day 5th and 7th respectively.Three patients were operated with tracheotomy because of respiratory insufficiency.Operation was undertaken on one patient with splenenctomy result of spleen rupture during first aortic aneurysms repair.All patients were follow-up,ranging from 18 to 84 months postoperatively,all 20 survivors were alive and had good functional status.One patient was reoperated with aortic valve replacement because of massive valve insufficiency after two years.Neo- intercostal arteries were clogged in 3 patients within follow-up,and two of those patients with Marfan syndrome underwent pseudoaneurysm after intercostal arteries reconstruction.Conclusion Single-stage repair of extensive aortic aneurysms with total or subtotal aortic replacement is safely and effectively.It is feasible with acceptable surgical risks and satisfactory results.It can eliminate the risk of remnant aortic aneurysm rupture in staged total aortic replacement and has satisfactory mid-term results.

Objective To analyze risk factors for acute kidney injury after aortic arch operation under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.Methods Between January 2005 and June 2011,549 cases aortic arch replacement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest were retrospectively analyzed.According to the occurrence of acute kidney injury they were divided into two groups.Univariate and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression) were used to identify the risk factors.Results AKI occurred in 102 cases (18.6％) and 27 cases(4.9％) had dialysis.Multiple logistic regression showed that body mess Index(OR =1.072,95％ CI:1.006-1.141,P =0.031),serum creatinin (OR =1.011,95％ CI:1.006-1.017,P =0.000),cardiopulmonary bypass time(OR =1.006,95 ％ CI:1.002-1.009,P =0.005) and the peak intraoperative glucose level (OR =1.007,95 ％ CI:1.002-1.011,P =0.003) were independent risk factors for AKI.Conclusion The higher BMI,serum creatinin level maybe indicate the occurrence of AKI,and AKI maybe can be reduced by controlling CPB time and intraoperative hyperglycemia.

Objective Retrospectively analyze 47 cases received reoperation with aortic disease after aortic valve replacement to deepen the understanding of aortic valve disease.Methods From January 2003 to June 2012,47 patients with previous aortic valve replacement received aortic root or other aortic operation because of new aortic disease.38 male and 9 female,the interval (6.0 ± 3.8) years. All cases with new aortic disease were diagnosed by cardiac ultrasound and aortic computed tomography.Bentall's procedure were operated on 14 patients,total aortic arch replacement with elephant trunk procedure on 14 patients,aortic root and aortic arch with elephant trunk procedure on 7 patients,ascending aortic replacement on 10patients,total thoracic and abdominal aorta replacement on 2 cases.All patients were followed by clinic interview or telephone.Results Aortic dissection and aneurysmal dilatation were occurred on ascending aorta,each account for 50％,in patients with previous aortic valve replacement because of rheumatic valve disease and bicuspid aortic valve; 3 cases with Marfan syndrome occurred ascending aortic dilatation and 4 cases occurred aortic dissection.Diameter in ascending aorta increased (5.2 + 7.1)mm per year and aortic sinus (3.3 ± 3.1)mm per year.The value of ascending aortic dilatation per year in patients with rheumatic disease was higher than patients with Marfan syndrome(P ＜ 0.05).47 patients were re-operated in fuwai hospital,1 patients died in operating room because aortic dissection seriously involved right coronary artery.7 patients have renal insufficiency after operation and all were cured by hemofiltration; neurological complication occurred in 14 patients including that 7 patients stroked and 7 patients had transient brain dysfunciotn.There were no postoperative spinal cord deficits occurred.All patients were followed up,the mean follow up time were(53.49 +33.79) months.8 cases were died during follow-up and threeyear survival rate was 83％.There were no cases received operation due to aortic disease during follow-up.Conclusion Deepening the understanding of aortic valve disease combine ascending aorta changes,especially pay attention to patients with previous aortic valve replacement because of Marfan syndrome and rheumatic disease during follow-up after first operation,all efforts should decrease the occurrence of aortic adverse events in long term.

Identification and functional analyses of antiviral restriction factors in hosts have become hot research topics. Four HIV restriction factors, APOBEC3G, Trim5alpha, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, have been identified in recent years. By encoding auxiliary proteins, lentiviruses can counteract host restriction factors. For example, the auxiliary proteins Vif, Vpu, and Vpx of HIV antagonize APOBEC3G, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, respectively. Furthermore, these auxiliary proteins enable the entry of HIV into host cells and influence the replication and pathogenicity of HIV. In this paper, we review the research progress in the functions of the three HIV auxiliary proteins that can antagonize the host restriction factors.
Animals ; HIV ; metabolism ; physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Viral Proteins ; metabolism

The effects of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors 1- (5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl) - 2-methylpoperazine (H-7) and quercetin on endotheliai-polymorphoneuclear (EC-PMN) adhesion induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and platelet activating factor (PAF) were studied in cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers in vitro. TNF (100 U/ml) and PAF (1.0 ?mol/L) stimulated EC dependent PMN-EC adhesion. Both H-7 and quercetin dose-dependently inhibited TNF and PAF induced PMN-EC adhesion. The IC50 of H-7 was 22.22, 5.25 umol/L, and that of quercetin was 18.30, 4.83 ?mol/L respectively. WEB-2086, a specific PAF receptor antagonist, dose-dependently inhibited PAF induced PMN-EC adhesion, but had no effect on TNF induced adhesion. These results suggest that PKC play an important role in EC activation by TNF or PAF, and TNF induced PMN-EC adhesion by independent on endogenetic PAF.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Xin-ke-shu and Betaloc on arterial elasticity of coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods According to the results from coronary angiography,50 patients who were taking long-term treatment of coronary artery obstructions were enrolled and divided into two groups in equal number at random.They were divided into Xin-ke-shu group(n=25)and Betaloc group(n=25).The Xin-ke-shu group received Xin-ke-shu(12/d)individually and the Betaloc group received Betaloc(50mg/d)for eight weeks.Patient's heart rate was measured by the doctor.Brachial blood pressure was measured by standardized mercury cuff sphygmomanometer.Automatic pulse wave velocity(PWV)measurement system and Complior Colson device and DO-2020 were applied to examine the carotid-radial artery PWV(PWVcr)and the large arterial elastic indexes(C1 and C2)respectively.Results After eight weeks of treatment.All patient's heart rate showed significant decrease.The Betaloc group,after excluded the betaloc effect,showed significant decrease of blood pressure.The Xin-ke-shu group showed significant increase of C1 and C2,and PWVcr slowed down obviously.Conclusion Xin-ke-shu improves the small and large arterial elasticity,and attenuates the wave reflex amplitude.

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a commonly used technology in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure. It has higher resolution and repeatability, and more importantly, it can make the vascular structure visiable which shows the plaque morphology and component, compared with traditional coronary angiography. Most researches indicated that IVUS can help doctors find out the optimized stent size, stent malapposition,stent disexpansion,and procedure complication, thus reduce the incidence of restenosis and stent thrombosis. IVUS has been widely applied in research about the predictors of PCI complication, these results benefit us to make better decision on PCI procedure. In this article, we reviewed the studies based on IVUS technology during the last 10 years and summrized according to restenosiss and stent thrombosis with BMS (bare metal stent) and DES (drug eluting stent) .

Objective To assess the value of the adjacent vessel sign (AVS)in differentiating malignant from benign lesions on breast MRI at 3.0 T.Methods Total 64 patients with 64 breast lesions including 35 malignant and 29 benign ones,underwent breast dynamic contrast enhanced MR scan.The 3D maximum intensity projection images were gotten and used to review the lesions.Sen-sitivity and specificity of the AVS were evaluated,and the reasons of the false positive and false negative lesions were also analyzed. Results The AVS differed significantly between benign and malignant lesions (P<0.001;positive-predictive-value:88.6%,sensi-tivity:88.6%,specificity:75.9%).Conclusion The adjacent vessel sign is significantly associated with malignancy.Thus,there is of great importance of this sign in differentiation of begnign and malignant lesions.