OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical experiment of cortical screw in the treatment of tibiofibular syndesmosis separation together with ankle fractures.

METHODSFrom March 2008 to May 2012,42 patients with tibiofibular syndesmosis separation were treated with cortical screw, including 20 cases in the left and 24 cases in the right. All the patients had closed injury. According to Lauge-Hansen classification, there were 18 cases of supination-external rotation, in which 4 patients with injuries belong to type II, 8 patients with injuries belong to type III, 6 patients with injuries belong to type IV; 14 cases of pronation-external rotation, in which 6 patients with injuries belong to type III, 8 patients with injuries belong to type IV; and 12 cases of pronation-abduction, in which 4 patients with injuries belong to type II, 8 patients with injuries belong to type III. According to injury of ankle, 4 patients had injuries in one ankle, 28 patients had injuries in 2 ankles, and 12 patients had injuries in 3 ankles. All the patients were diagnosised definitely in sight of medical history, checking-up, iconography. The clinical effects were evaluated based on Baird-Jackson score and activity degree of ankle.

RESULTSAll the patient were followed up, and the duration ranged from 11 to 23 months, with an average of 15.7 months. No postoperative wound infection, nonunion, and tibiofibular syndesmosis separation again and other complications occurred. Postoperative Baird-Jackson score exhibited 91.56 ± 6.26 (75 to 99), and 26 patients got an excellent result, 10 good, 6 poor and 2 bad. One patient had nail broken after operation,and got good function after removing broken nail without external fixation. Other 1 patient had osteoarthritis to 1 degree, and got better result with the treatment of physical therapy and intra-articular injection.

CONCLUSIONCortex screw is the effective treatment for tibiofibular syndesmosis separation. Clear diagnosis, delicate operation and postoperative reasonable functional exercise are primary factor of prognosis.

Adult ; Ankle Fractures ; surgery ; Ankle Joint ; surgery ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

With the deterioration of environment, and the excessive collection of wild resources, the wild populations of Myla- bris phalerata Pallas are less and less, almost extincted in many traditional distribution areas. It is necessary to breed M. phalerata artificially for sustainable utilization. Food preference of adult M. phalerata is the key to its provenance screening and domestication in the artificial breeding. In this paper, the food preference of 3 geographical populations of M. phalerata was studied. The results showed that the food preferences of adult M. phalerata in different geographical populations were different. The adult M. phalerata in Wuming preferred cucumber flowers, gourd flowers and melon flowers. The adult M. phalerata in Tianlin preferred cowpea flowers. And the adult M. phalerata in Guangzhou preferred cowpea flowers and gourd flowers. Gourd flowers were the most attractive food for the adult M. phalerata of 3 geographical populations of M. phalerata.
Animals ; Averrhoa ; Breeding ; Coleoptera ; physiology ; Cucurbitaceae ; Flowers ; Food ; Food Preferences ; physiology ; Geography

Objective To explore whether lymphovascular invasion can be used as a prognostic indicator in patients with bladder cancer underwent radical cystectomy.Methods The series included clinical data of 459 patients who had underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer between January 2006 and December 2012 in our hospital.Among all the patients,391 were male while 68 were female.Pathological grade G1 was diagnosed in 47,G2 in 104 and G3 in 308.Amount of pathological stage T1 or Tis or Ta or T0 was 167,T2 127,T3 89 and T4 76.Of all the patients,92 had lymph node metastasis.Follow-up time was between 13 and 99 months.The presence or absence of lymphovascular invasion was determined by HE staining in the radical cystectomy specimen.The x2 test was used to detect the association between lymphovascular invasion and several clinicopathological features,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare recurrence-free survival according to findings of lymphovascular invasion in the surgical specimen,and the multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to assess the prognostic significance of some factors.Results Lymphovascular invasion was detected in 128 (28％) specimens.Among them,44 (34％) had tumor recurrence.Lymphovascular invasion was significantly associated with gender,tumor grade,pathological stage,lymph node metastasis and disease recurrence.Recurrence-free survival in patients without lymphovascular invasion was significantly higher than that in those with lymphovascular invasion (P＜ 0.05).Cox proportional hazards model showed that age,pathological stage and lymph node metastasis were independent predictors for disease recurrence.Conclusion In patients with bladder cancer underwent radical cystectomy,lymphovascular invasion may have a significant association with some prognostic parameters,but it can not be used as an independent predictor of disease recurrence.

Objective:To investigate the differences in related indices of ulcerative colitis (UC) respectively induced by free drinking and intragastric administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice to provide experimental reference for the optimization of UC model.Methods:Totally 30 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the normal control group,free drinking group and intragastric administration group with 10 ones in each.The mice drank water freely with free drinking or intragastric administration of 3% DSS solution at the dose of 4 g·kg-1·day-1 for 7 days to establish the UC model.The differences in disease activity index (DAI),histological damage sore and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) among the groups were compared.Results:Two mice died during the experiment in the free drinking group,and DAI of survival mice was (8.8±1.6).There was no death of mice in intragastric administration group,and DAI was (9.0±0.8),and there was no significant difference in DAI between the groups (P>0.05),while the coefficient of variation in the free drinking group was higher than that in the intragastric administration group (18.7 vs 8.6).The colonic histological damage score of the free drinking group and the intragastric administration group was 24.8±4.2 and 27.0±2.8,respectively,which was typical inflammatory change with no significant difference (P>0.05),while the coefficient of variation of the free drinking group was higher than that of the intragastric administration group (16.9 vs 10.4).MPO of the normal control group,free drinking group and intragastric administration group was (0.41±0.03),(2.32±0.34) and (2.05±0.18) U·g-1,respectively.Compared with the normal control group,significant difference in MPO was shown in the free drinking group and the intragastric administration group (P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in MPO between the groups (P>0.05),and the coefficient of variation in the free drinking group was higher than that in the intragastric administration group (14.7 vs 8.8).Conclusion:Both free drinking and intragastric administration of DSS can successfully induce the UC model in mice.Compared with the free drinking group,the intragastric administration group has low mortality rate and low coefficient of variation.Therefore,intragastric administration has more advantages than free drinking in inducing the UC model in mice.

Objective To assess the feasibility of heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix(ADM)seeded with adipose derived stem cells(ADSC)for urethroplasty in a rabbit model.Methods ADSC were isolated from a rabbit and expanded in vitro,then identified by flow cytometry.We seeded ADSC onto the ADM and made it into tissue-engineered urethra.12 male rabbits were removed 1 cm urethra and divided into experiment group and control group.There were 6 rabbits in each group.Reconstructed urethra with tissueengineered urethra was used in experiment group,while unseeded ADM were used in control group.Urethrography was performed at 6 months after surgery.The animals were scarified at 3 and 6 months after surgery and the repaired urethra were harvested.H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed with cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and smooth muscle desmin makers.Results The morphology of isolated ADSC was with long spindle cross-links,and had multicentral growth.Flow cytometry showed that the ADSC expressed CD166,CD105,CD90 and CD44,but not expressed CD45 and CD13.The cells could growth well on the ADM and showed good biocompatibility with it.All animals could void normally,urethrography showed there was no significant stenosis.3 months after surgery,the experiment group appeared regenerated smooth muscle but not in the control group,both groups did not regenerate urothelium.At 6 months urothelium and smooth muscle cells could be observed in the experiment group,but only the smooth muscle was evident in the control group.Conclusions By applying tissue engineering methods,we can seed the ADSC onto the heterogeneous ADM and make it into tissue-engineered urethra,which can help improve the reconstructive effect of urethra.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation of the anogenital distance (AGD) with cryptorchidism in male newborns.

METHODSThis study included 350 male infants delivered in two community hospitals between September 2013 and September 2014. Within 24 hours after birth, a pediatric surgeon measured the AGD of the neonates and determined whether they had cryptorchidism. According to the testicular position, we divided the undescended testes into three types: upper scrotal, inguinal, and non-palpable.

RESULTSTotally 39 cases of cryptorchidism were found in the 350 newborns. The AGD of the cryptorchidism infants was significantly shorter than that of the normal neonates ([2.01 ± 0.22] vs [2.35 ± 0.19] cm, P < 0.01), and statistically significant differences remained even when preterm and low birth-weight infants were excluded ([2.32 ± 0.14] vs [2.06 ± 0.19] cm; (2.37 ± 0.17) cm vs (2.12 ± 0.12) cm, all P < 0.01). The newborns with higher-position cryptorchidism had a shorter AGD, though with no significant difference (F = 0.434, P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the AGD between unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism ([1.96 ± 0.13] vs [2.02 ± 0.17] cm, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONShorter AGD is associated with a higher incidence of cryptorchidism in male newborns. AGD could serve as a potential biomarker for disruption of androgen action during the male programming window period.

Androgens ; physiology ; Cryptorchidism ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Perineum ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in prostate cancer PC-3 cells.

METHODSWe transfected the lentivirus vector STIM1-pGCSIL-GFP carrying STIM shRNA into human hormone-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells, and 3 days later observed the transfection efficiency by fluorescence microscopy. At 7 days after transfection, we determined the expression of STIM1 in the PC-3 cells by RT-PCR and Western blot and those of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, survivin and activated Caspase-3 by Western blot.

RESULTSAt 3 days, inverted microscopy revealed a transfection efficiency of > 80%. At 7 days, the STIM1 expression was significantly inhibited at both mRNA and protein levels. The Bcl-2/Bax rate was remarkably decreased as compared with that of the control group (0. 31 vs 1.24 ) , and the survivin expression was markedly reduced, 0. 14 times that of the relative expression in the control. However, the Caspase-3 cleavage was significantly activated, 1.52 times that of the control (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTIM1 can be regarded as an oncogene in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Inhibition of its expression can induce PC-3 cell apoptosis by reducing the Bcl-2/Bax rate, decreasing the survivin expression, and activating the Caspase-3 pathway.

Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 ; Transfection ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To construct the recombinant adeno-associated virus vector(rAAV) expressing the human tissue kallikrein(HK)gene and to detect the expression of interested gene in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)which were infected with different titers of rAAV. Methods The HK gene was cloned into the pAAV-MCS and co-transfected AAV-293 cells with other two plasmids(the pAAV-RC,and pHelper)by lipofectamine.The recombinant AAV(rAAV HK)particles was harvested and its viral titer was measured.HUVEC were infected with different titers of rAAV-HK particles.Seventy-two hours later,the expression of the interested gene was detected by RT-PCR and ELISA.Results The AAV expression system of human tissue kallikrein gene was successfully constructed.The viral titer of recombinant AAV reached 6.2?10~7 particles/ml. When compared with the control group,the transcription of HK gene in the group which was infected with rAAV-HK increased significantly[(0.59?0.12)vs(0.26?0.05)(P＜0.05)],and the expression of HK in the HUVEC was three times more than that in the control[(120.1?40.9)vs (30.8?12.8)](P＜0.001).The transcription of eNOSmRNA in the infected HUVEC was higher than that of the control[(1.19?0.28)vs(0.66?0.11)](P＜0.05).The transcription of caspase-3 mRNA was lower than that of the control[(0.30?0.25)vs(0.67?0.27)](P＜0.05).And there was no obvious variation happened in the transcription of VEGF,ET-1,TR-B,bradykinin B1 receptor and Bradykinin B2 receptor.Conclusions When co-transfected AAV-293 cells with three plasmids (pAAV-HK,pAAV-RC,pHelper),the HK gene expression is significantly and stably increased. Introducing HK gene into HUVEC can improve endothelial transfection efficiency.

The explosive growth and advancement of computer science in recent decades have prompted the rapid development and wide applications of imaging techniques in life science, which have brought about revolutionary changes in modern medicine. Nowadays, it is possible to visualize multiple physiological and disease processes, precisely and non-invasively, in a living human body. Modern medicine has even started"reading the mind", to diagnose psychology, behavior and degenerative disorders of human brain. The border between the organic and inorganic diseases in old dogma is disappearing because imaging techniques have"visualized"the neurological and tissue changes of inorganic disorders. Severe burn injury is associated with very complicated pathological processes, which are always at the borderline between life and death. Complete recovery of patients with severe burn injury, if possible, may take years of time. Hence, a real-time monitoring of the disease process is of pivotal importance in early recognition and prevention of life-threatening complications and in assessing the therapeutic efficacy for a less-eventful recovery. Here we review and introduce some potential applications of modern imaging techniques in burn care and research, which may benefit burn patients. Some techniques are still in their early or pre-clinical stage and some are mature techniques in other fields of medicine, which are potentially applicable in burn diagnosis and treatment through our research. We intend to bring your interest to this field which may eventually lead to new revenues improving our clinical work on burn victims.

Although previous reports showed drug-eluting stent (DES) could effectively inhibit neointima formation, in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains an important obstacle. The purpose of this study was to investigate different effects of paclitaxel on proliferation and cell cycle regulators between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of rats in vitro. The cultured VSMCs and VECs of rats from the same tissues were examined by using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blotting in control and paclitaxel-treated groups. The results showed paclitaxel could effectively inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and VECs. However, as compared with VECs, proliferation of VSMCs in paclitaxel-treated group decreased less rapidly. The percentage of cells in G0-G1 and G2-M phases was reduced, and that in S phase increased after treatment for 72 h. The expression of cyclin D1 and B1, p27 and PCNA in VSMCs of paclitaxel-treated group was up-regulated, but that of p21 down-regulated as compared with VECs. It is concluded that there are significant differences in the expression of cell cycle regulators and proliferation rate between paclitaxel-treated VSMCs and paclitaxel-treated VECs, suggesting that the G1-S checkpoint regulated by paclitaxel may play a critical role in the development of complications of DES, which provides new strategies for treatments of ISR.