In order to improve the clinical efficacy of the umbilicus fumigation method, the ancient literature with the heat control of umbilicus fumigation method involved is collected extensively and analyzed systematically, and the heat control, precautions and contraindications of this method are discussed. In association with the cases and the present clinical experience, the main factors to the heat control are introduced, such as preparation of doughnuts, filling quantity, size of moxa cone and numbers of moxa cones so that the clinical application of the umbilicus fumigation method can be promoted and enhanced.
Biomedical Research ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Fumigation ; History, Ancient ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods ; Umbilicus ; physiopathology

This paper is to survey two groups of medicine-oriented English major undergraduates who have their probation either before or after the Quality Monitoring System is introduced to them about their degrees of learning satisfaction through questionnaires and seminar discussions. As a result, it proves that the implementation of the Quality Monitoring System in student probation helps to raise the degrees of student learning satisfaction, which clearly promotes the probation quality and secures the fulfillment of the mission in practice.

0.05). But typeⅢsodium channel expressed higher than that in control groups in hippocampus, restriction mapping analysis showed thatⅢN increased significantly (P

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of frequency difference and intensity difference on mismatch negativity (MMN) change in normal persons. Emphatically to observe the effect on the latency and amplitude of normal people's MMN, as well as the threshold of the acoustic difference which may induce the MMN. METHODS Twenty-four adults were included in this study. Their thresholds of pure tone audiometry were within 20dBHL. The MMN were measured by using the Smart EP ( ear potentiometer provided by the company of Intelligent Hearing) and the rule of the change by the difference of frequency and intensity to the latency and amplitude of normal people’s MMN were studied. RESULTS Along with the decreasing of the difference of the frequency, the MMN latency prolonged gradually. The amplitude of the MMN decreased gradually as the decreasing of the intensity difference. CONCLUSION A stable MMN graph is an important indicator of objective physiological test with hearing distinguish.

Child ; Collagen Type IV ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; pathology

Brain ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons ; Patch-Clamp Techniques

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of IL-6 mAb on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats, and search the mechanism of the role of IL-6, helper T cells 17 (Th17) and regulative T cells (Treg) in EAM pathogenesis.

METHODSThirty-four Lewis rats were divided into three groups randomly, i.e. control group (n = 6), EAM group (n = 12), and IL-6 mAb intervention group (n = 16). Rats in EAM group and IL-6 mAb intervention group were injected intracutaneously with myosin to establish EAM model. Rats in IL-6 mAb intervention group were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg IL-6 mAb on 1st, 7th to 20th day after cardiac myosin immune injection. Myocardial inflammation was examined by HE stain, Masson stain, and TdT assay (TUNEL reaction) on 21st and 84th day after IL-6 mAb therapy in order to assess the therapeutic role. Spleen cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to illustrate Th17 and Treg cells? number and function. The serum concentration of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and TGF-beta in each group was measured by ELISA, concentration of STAT3, RORgammat, and Foxp3 mRNA in each group was determined with RT-PCR. Spleen cells derived from EAM were stimulated by IL-6 mAb in vitro, and the concentration of IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-beta was measured by ELISA.

RESULTSInflammation score, fibrosis score, and apoptosis index in IL-6 mAb intervention group were significantly decreased as compared with those in EAM group (P < 0.01). The number of Th17 and Treg cells in EAM group on the 21st day (experimental acute peak stage) were increased, and those in intervention group on the 21st day were significantly inhibited (P < 0.01). The concentration of serum IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-beta in intervention group on the 21st day was decreased dramatically in comparison with that in EAM group on the same day (P < 0.01). The levels of peripheral blood STAT3, RORgammat, Foxp3 mRNA in intervention group on the 21st day was decreased significantly as compared with that in EAM group (P < 0.01). The expression of IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-beta was increased significantly (P < 0.01) by stimulation of IL-6 mAb on spleen cells derived from EAM in vitro.

CONCLUSIONSIL-6 mAb could neutralize IL-6, and ameliorate myocarditis and reduce heart autoimmune responses. IL-6 mAb has significantly protective effects on EAM by suppressing Th17 and Treg cells.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Autoimmune Diseases ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-17 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; immunology ; Male ; Myocarditis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Th17 Cells ; immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the changes of clinical and pathological features in the patients of IgA nephropathy with anemia.Methods Four hundred and nine patients of IgA nephropathy diagnosed by renal biopsy were classified into two groups:IgA nephropathy with nonanemia (group 1) and IgA nephropathy with anemia (group 2).Changes were studied retrospectively between the groups.Results Serum hemoglobin level was correlated with the clinical parameters of IgA nephropathy.Companed to group 1,changes in group 2 were as followed:serum creatinine increased,eGFR decreased,proteinuria increased; the global sclerosis,segmental sclerosis,crescents and tubulointerstitial lesions worsened.The glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions were negatively correlated with serum hemoglobin and eGFR,but positively correlated with serum uric acid and proteinuria (P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that anemia was an independent risk factor for the tubulointerstitial lesion.Conclusion Clinical feature and pathological damages in the patients of IgA nephropathy with anemia are more serious than those with non-anemia.

Objective To assess the working memory and explore the activation of brain areas for children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) with fMRI scan. Methods Twenty three right-handed children with PNE and 20 age-matched right-handed healthy children as the controls were recruited.Intelligence tests were performed by means of Wechsler Young Children Scales of Intelligence (C-WISC) in children with PNE and normal controls. The full intelligence quotient (FIQ), verbal IQ (VIQ),performances IQ (PIQ) and the memory/caution (M/C) factor of PNE children and the controls were measured. After Intelligence tests, an enent-related fMRI scan was performed using the categorial N-Back working memory task. Percent of correct responses (PCR) and mean reaction time to correct response (mRT) were recorded and analyzed by the student t test. The fMRI data were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping 2 (SPM2), the differences in activation were compared between two groups. Results The data of 15 PNE children and 15 healthy children were evaluated. The FIQ, VIQ and PIQ in PNE group were in a normal range and no statistical significance with the control group ( P ＞ 0. 05). M/C factor in the PNE group(90.4 ±10.2)was significantly lower than that in the control group (99. 6 ± 11.9) (t =2. 260,P ＜ 0. 05). In the N-Back test, PNE children had significantly less PCR [(72.7±6.3 ) % vs. ( 86. 3 ±6. 7) %, t = 5. 727,P ＜ 0. 01] and longer mRT [ (625. 8 ± 72.5) ms vs. (534. 8 ± 63. 3 ) ms, t = 3. 684,P ＜ 0.01] than the healthy controls. The activation regions of PNE patients and healthy children were mainly in the dorsal right frontal lobe, right parietal lobe, left temporal lobe gyrus fusiformis and bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe. The activation level in left posterior cerebellar lobe in PNE children was significant lower than that in healthy controls (P＜0.01). Conclusion The children with PNE have deficits in working memory which might be associated with the dysfunction of the left cerebellum.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic technique of Alport syndrome(AS)by immunohistochemical staining of type Ⅳ collagen ? chains on paraffin-embedded renal sections.Methods Renal biopsies were obtained from 2 patients with autosomal recessive form of AS,2 female patients and 2 male patients with X-linked dominant form of AS and 2 patients with hematuria(1male and 1 female).AS was diagnosed according to symptoms,family history,pathology,immunofluorescence staining of type Ⅳ collagen ? chains on renal and skin biopsies and gene analysis.Normal portions of nephrectomized kidneys from 2 patients with renal tumor were used as controls.Type Ⅳ collagen ? chains were stained by two-step immunohistochemistry staining method on paraffin-embedded renal sections.Three antigen retrieval methods including autoclave heating,pepsin digestion and proteinase were investigated to find the best antigen retrieval method for type Ⅳ collagen ? chains.The findings were compared with those examined by immunofluorescence staining on fresh frozen sections.Results By immunohistochemistry staining,type Ⅳ collagen ?3 and ?5 chains showed continuous linear pattern along glomerular basement membrane on sections from the controls and the hematuria patients,intermittent linear pattern for X-linked dominant female AS patients,negative for X-linked dominant male AS patient.For patients with autosomal recessive AS,the staining of type Ⅳ collagen ?3 and ?5 chains were negative on glomerular basement membrane,but ?5 chain was positive on glomerular capsules and partial tubular basement membrane.The results were the same as those examined by immunofluorescence staining.Conclusion AS can be diagnosed by immunohistochemistry staining of type Ⅳ collagen on paraffin-embedded renal sections,which is a new technique for diagnosis of AS in China.