Objective To investigate the new method of ureter bladder anastomosis in renal transplantation.Methods The ureter was pulled into bladder for 1.2 cm through tunnel at the lateral- top of bladder wall,and the ureter fixed on the bladder wall by 2-3 acus with catgut suture.Results Forty of 42 patients had no complications,and recovered very well,except for 1 cases of necrosis caused by acute rejection and 1 case on urine leakage caused by catheter obstruction from blood clot.Conclu- sion This method is simple,easy to operate,safe and reliable with less complications.

Objective To evaluate the pattern of energy metabolism and nutrients intake in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and posthepatitic cirrhosis to effectively direct their nutrition therapy.Methods Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured with open-circuit indirect Jorimetry in 60 patients with chronic viral hepatitis and 60 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis.Their normal basal energy expenditure (BEE) was predicted by Harris-Benedict equation and energy intake (EI) was determined by diet recall. Correlation between REE and indicators for nutrition assessment was analyzed.Results REE was (77? 21) kJ?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) in 60 patients with pusthepatitic cirrhosis,significantly lower than BEE[(95?16) kJ? kg~(-1)?d~(-1)(P0.05,and their EI was (127?34) kJ?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),1.41?0.43 times as REE,in which PROI was (1.02?0.29) g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),1.31?0.61 times as PROE (0.87?0.34) g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),also indicating a negative nitrogen balance (-2.02?4.07).REE,EI and intake of three nutrients,serum level of albumin and prealbumin (PA) and body weight significantly decreased in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis,as compared to those in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Epimedium brevicornum.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by using silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. The structures were identified on the basis of physical-chemical constants and spectral data.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as hyperoside, icariin, epimedin B, epimedin C, inositol.

CONCLUSIONCompound I and III - V were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Epimedium ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) is an important liver-specific uptake transporter, which mediates transport of numerous endogenous substances and drugs from blood into hepatocytes. To identify and investigate potential modulators of OATP1B1 from natural products, the effect of 21 frequently used natural compounds and extracts on OATP1B1-mediated fluorescein methotrexate transport was studied by using Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing OATP1B1 (CHO-OATP1B1) in 96-well plates. This method could be used for the screening of large compound libraries. Our studies showed that some flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, chrysanthemum flavonoids and mulberrin) and triterpenoids (e.g., glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid) were inhibitors of OATP1B1 with IC50 values less than 16 µmol · L(-1). The IC50 value of glycyrrhetinic acid on OATP1B1 was comparable to its blood concentration in clinics, indicating an OATPlB1-mediated drug-drug interaction could occur. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that flavonoids had much higher inhibitory activity than their glycosides. Furthermore, the type and length of saccharides had a significant effect on their activity. In addition, we used OATP1B1 substrates fluvastatin and rosuvastatin as probe drugs to investigate the substrate-dependent effect of several natural compounds on the function of OATP1B1 in vitro. Our results demonstrated that the effect of these natural products on the function of OATPlB1 was substrate-dependent. In summary, this study would be conducive to predicting and avoiding potential OATP1B1-mediated drug-drug and drug-food interactions and thus provide the experimental basis and guidance for rational drug use.
Animals ; Biological Products ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Drug Interactions ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Organic Anion Transporters ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

A multiplex real-time PCR was developed to detect ctxA of Vibrio cholerae, gyrB and tdh of Vibrio parahaemolyticus simultaneously. The multiplex real-time PCR were evalidated by detection for the three genes in 47 toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains (ctxA+; O1=3, O139=44), 25 non-toxigenic V. cholerae strains (ctxA-; O1=12, O139=6, non-O1 and non-O139=7), 116 V. parahaemolyticus strains with or without tdh (73 or 43) and 9 other bacteria strains. The specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex real-time PCR in detection for the ctxA and the tdh genes in the strains tested were both 100.0%, compared to the results by routine PCRs. In the detection for V. parahaemolyticus specific gyrB using the multiplex real-time PCR, all of 116 V. parahaemolyticus strains were positive, and 9 other strains and 72 V. cholerae strains were all negative. The multiplex real-time PCR is a sensitive, specific and quick assay not only for detecting virulence genes of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus but also for identifying V. parahaemolyticus at species level. In addition, two real-time PCRs for detection of V. parahaemolyticus virulence genes trh1 and trh2 were also developed.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of ulinastatin(UT) conjoined to high flow continuous blood purification( CBP) in the critical patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS). To evaluate the therapeutic potential of UT and CBP in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) , severe sepsis( SS) , acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Method A total of 122 cases of emergency and critical patients with a score of more than 15 counted up from APACHE H (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation 11 ) were randomly divided into Ulinastatin treatment group (UT group, n = 35) .continuous blood pu-rification(CBP group, n = 31),UT plus CBP (combine group, n = 30) and routine treatment group (control group, n =26). Routine treatment was given to patients of all groups, and patients of UT group had Ulinastatin 0.4 MIU given intravenously every 8 hours for 7 days in addition. Patients of CBP group were managed with continuous blood purification round the clock for 7 days and those of combine group were treated with UT plus CBP for 7 days.The efficacy of the treatment in four groups was assessed,and serum high sensivity reactive protein(hs-CRP) and IL-6 levels were measured on admission and comparison was made between values of biomarkers taken before and 1 d,3 d,and 7 d after treatment in four groups. The changes in WBCs,arterial gas analysis and the oxygena-tion index PaO2/FiO2 were checked, and at the same time, the APACHE II values and the incidence of MODS were compared within four groups. Results (1)One, three and seven days after treatment the plasma hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in UT and CBP groups were reduced significantly more than those in control group ( P < 0. 05), and in combine groups those were more dramatically lowered ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Before treatment there was no significance diffience in those values between groups, and there was on diffience in those values between 3 rd day and 7 th day after treatment ( P > 0.05). (2) The 1 st,3 rd and 7 th day after treatment the arterial gas PaO2/FiO2 index in UT and CBP groups was improved more than that in control group ( P < 0.05) , and it in combine group was most significant improved (P < 0.05,P < 0.01). The ALT and creatinine were lower than those in control group ( P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in ALT and creatinine between groups before treatment (P > 0.05). (3) The 1 st,3 rd and 7th day afer treatment,the APACHE II values in UT and CBP groups were decreased more than those in control group ( P < 0. 05) , and therefore, the incidence of MODS was lower ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Ulinastatin could significantly inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines and CBP could effectively eliminate inflammatory factors from blood, and the combination of these two approaches produce a more effective therapeutic potential for preventing MODS development.

Objective To study the cell vitality and ultra-structure of in vitro cultured fetus chondrocytes exposed to different doses of fluoride.Methods Primary chondrocytes were obtained from articular cartilage of the 24-27 weeks,aborted and dead fetuses.The third generation of primary cultured chondmcytes were exposed to concentrations of 0,10-2,5 × 10-3,10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6,10-7 and 10-8 mol/L fluoride for 24,48 and 72 h.Cell vitality was detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and ultra-structure of chondrocytes was observed by transmission electron microscope.Results The cell vitalities of chondrocytes exposed to doses of fluoride (10-2,5 ×10-3,10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6,10-7 and 10-8 moL/L) for 24,48 and 72 h were(15.04 ± 0.55)％,(62.53 ± 1.03)％,(100.34 ± 5.19)％,(111.40 ± 3.69)％,(121.47 + 6.09)％,(129.95 ± 4.96)％,(121.81 ± 4.97)％,(111.00 ± 1.63)％;(10.35 ± 0.64)％,(35.23 ± 2.41)％,(110.30 ± 2.07)％,(113.66 ± 6.98)％,(120.36 ± 6.23)％,(133.40 ± 5.80)％,(126.06 ± 5.40)％,(115.62 ± 7.33)％; (6.19 ± 0.16)％,(18.44 ± 0.21)％,(120.83 ± 4.93)％,(123.77 ± 4.82)％,(129.09 ± 5.21)％,(140.44 + 4.18)％,(131.99 ± 7.00)％,(124.10 ± 3.68)％,respectively.The cell vitalities of 10-2,5 × 10-3 mol/L fluoride groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The cell vitality of 10-2 mol/L group was significantly lower than that of the 5 × 10-3 mol/L group (P ＜ 0.05).Doses of fluoride (10-2,5 × 10-3 mol/L) could inhibit the cell vitality and promote the apoptosis of chondrocytes in vitro with increasing doses and prolonged time.The cell vitalities of 10-3,10-4,10-5,10-6,10-7,10-8 mol/L of fluoride groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (except the 24 h 10-3 mol/L,P ＜ 0.05).Between 10-4 and 10-3 mol/L groups(the vitalities of 48 h and 72 h were higher,but not significantly); 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L groups (the vitality of 72 h was higher,but not significantly); 10-6 and 10-5 mol/L groups,the cell vitalities were significantly higher than that of the control group(all P ＜ 0.05).Between 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L groups,10-8 and 10-7 mol/L groups (the vitality of 72 h was lower,but not significantly),the cell vitalities were significantly lower than that of the control group(all P ＜ 0.05).Doses of fluoride(10-3-10-8 mol/L) could promote the cell vitality of chondrocytes in vitro with prolonged time.The optimal concentration for the promotion was 10-6 mol/L.The cells of the control group were characterized as regular morphology,the abnormal surface microvillis,abundant cytoplasm and mitochondrial,abundant and slightly expanded rough endoplasmic reticulums and low electron-dense materials.The cells of 10-6 mol/L fluoride group had the following changes,increased and swell mitochondrial,hypertrophy and expanded rough endoplasmic reticulums.The cells of 5 × 10-3 mol/L fluoride group had the following changes,decreased microvillis,invaginated cell membrane,pyknosis and apoptotic body.Conclusion Doses of fluoride (10-3-10-8 mol/L) can promote the proliferation of human chondrocytes cultured in vitro.Doses of fluoride (10-2,5 × 10-3 mol/L) can promote the apoptosis of human chondrocytes cultured in vitro.

To study the effect of sodium aescinate in inducing human breast cancer MCF-7 cells apoptosis and its possible mechanism. MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of sodium aescinate on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The morphological changes were observed under inverted microscope. DAPI nuclear staining was used to detect the changes in cell nucleus. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry was adopted to test the apoptosis rate. Changes in apoptosis-related proteins (PARP, cleaved caspase-8 and pro-caspase-3), cell survival-associated signal molecules (AKT and ERK) and their common upstream kinase SRC was detected by Western blotting. The result showed that after different concentrations of sodium aescinate were used to treat breast cancer MCF-7 cells, they inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, induced cell apoptosis (typical morphological changes in nucleus, significant increase in cell apoptosis rate). The expressions of cleaved PARP and caspase-8 increased, while the expression of pro-caspase-3 decreased, which further verified sodium aescinate's effect in inducing cell apoptosis. Sodium aescinate significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of cell survival-related signal molecules (AKT, ERK) and down-regulate the activation of their common up-stream kinase SRC. The findings indicated that sodium aescinate can block signals transiting to downstream molecules AKT, ERK, inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell apoptosis and induced cell apoptosis by suppressing the activation of SRC.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology ; src-Family Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Presently, the biomaterial used in ligament tissue engineering such as collagen protein, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, small intestinal submucosa, glycan and nanomaterial are characterized by rapid degradation, resulting in inflammatory reaction after applying in host.OBJECTIVE: To investigate mechanical strength and in vitro degradation of silk scaffold and explore the reaction to macrophages.DESIGN: Controlled experiment.SETTING: Experiments were performed at the Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from September 2004 to January 2005.MATERIALS: White raw Bombyx mori silkworm fibers of size 20/22 (according to the manufacturer) were obtained from the market. Bundles of 30 parallel fibers were prepared for a bundle of scaffold, which was put into fervens 5g/L Na2CO3for degumming. Ratio of Na2CO3 solution (Ml) to raw silk (g) was 1000.METHODS: In vitro degradation: 8cm long silk scaffold was weighed after drying. Subsequently, the silk scaffold was separately dipped into phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and 1.0g/L collagenase prepared with PBS. Twelve weeks later, silk scaffold was weighed to calculate weight loss rate. Simultaneously, tensile test was performed to detect the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of samples. Culture of monocyte strain RAW264.7:2×108L-1 macrophage suspension (1mL) were separately added in a silk scaffold group, a control group and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group. At days 1 and 7, cell supernatant was collected from each group. Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes in weight loss rate and UTS of the silk matrices after incubated with collagenase and the PBS. ②TNF-αlevels in the supernatant of each groups at days 1 and 7.RESULTS: Mass of silk matrices reduced by over 50% after incubated with collagenase for 8 weeks, but no change was found in PBS. UTS decreased by over 50% 8 weeks after incubated with collagenase, but no change was detected in PBS. At days 1 and 7, TNF-α levels in the supernatant was less in the silk scaffold group; TNF-α levels in the supernatant was significantly higher in the LPS group than in the silk scaffold group (P<0.01), but no significant difference in TNF-α levels was measured between the silk scaffold group and the control group (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: After 12-weeks degradation, silk scaffold still has good mechanical properties. Macrophages possess immunological inertia at days 1 and 7 after inoculated with macrophages.

OBJECTIVETo determine the correlation between the expression of CARMA1 mRNA and MUM1 protein, as well as its effects on clinicopathological features and prognosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

METHODSThe immunophenotype (CD20, CD79a, CD10, MUM1, Bcl6) and proliferation index of DLBCL cells were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). CARMA1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSCARMA1 mRNA was detected in 76 of 89 (85.40%) cases with DLBCL. The level of CARMA1 mRNA was higher in MUM1-postive group than in MUM1-negative group. No correlation was found in the expression intensity between the two molecules (P = 0.084). Ki67 positive rate was higher in MUM1(+) cases than in MUM1(-) ones (P = 0.030). There was no difference between MUM1(+) and MUM1(-) cases in sex, median age, staging, primary site and other clinicopathological features. In 58 CARMA1 mRNA positive cases, low expression cases showed more in earlier stage and more males. No difference in survival status was identified between cases with and without MUM1 expression, over- and low-expression of CARMA1 mRNA, as well as over- and low-expression of CARMA1 mRNA among 58 cases with MUM1 expression.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of CARMA1 mRNA is likely associated with the expression of MUM1 and shows male predominance in DLBCL. The expression of CARMA1 may be involved with pathogenesis and progression of ABC-like DLBCL. The two molecules correlated somewhat with some clinicopathological features, but not with survival of DLBCL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Guanylate Cyclase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Young Adult