Objective To investigate the association of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA 4) gene polymorphism with type 1diabetesmellitusandautoimmunethyroiddiseases. Methods The A/G phenotype at position 49 of the CTLA 4 gene exon 1 was determined by PCR RFLP method in 33 classic type 1 diabetes patients, 57 latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) patients, 122 autoimmune thyroid disease patients and 84 healthy control subjects of Chinese Han. Results The frequency of the CTLA 4 G phenotype was significantly higherintype1diabetespatientsthanthatincontrol subjects (55.6% vs 36.9%, P=0.0005). Neither the presence nor the absence of G allele influenced the occurrence of islet autoantibody (ICA) and glutamate decarboxylase antibody (GADA). The strong association of the CTLA 4 G allele with AITDs was showed in our study (66.4% vs 36.9%, P

Objective To observe the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein 8 like-2 (TIPE2) in CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells ( CD4 + CD25 + Tregs) and analyze its potential effect on immunosuppressive activity of CD4 + CD25 + Tregs. Methods CD4 + CD25 + Tregs were purified from spleen of the BALB/c mice by using magnetic cell sorting system.The expressions of TIPE2 mRNA and protein in CD4 + CD25 + Tregs were detected by using RT-PCR and Western blot.CD4 + CD25 +Tregs were further infected with the recombinant lentiviruses that carried small interference RNA(siRNA)to knock down the TIPE2 expression.Based on the expressions of cell surface molecules including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) detected by flow cytometry and the levels of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-3 examined by ELISA in CD4 + CD25 + Tregs,the functional role of TIPE2 in controlling suppressive activity of CD4 + CD25 + Tregs was analyzed.In the meantime,the proliferation activities of T effector cells were assayed by MTT test. Results A 147 bp TTPE2 gene band and a clear TIPE2 band with a molecular mass of approximately 21 000 in CD4 + CD25 + Tregs were detected by using Westem blot.Cell surface molecule as well as cytokine expressions were significantly down-regulated when the CD4 + CD25 + Treg stimulated and activated by anti-CD3/CD28 was cultured for 24 hours after the siRNA silenced CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Meanwhile,the suppression role of CD4 +CD25 + Tregs on the proliferation activity of T effector cells was weakened obviously ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions As an important immunoregulatory molecule,TIPE2 not only expresses in the CD4 + CD25 +Tregs,but also affects the immunosuppressive function of CD4 + CD25 + Tregs.

Objective To observed the impact of selenium supplementation therapy on the thyroid perioxidase antibody(TPO-Ab) levels and serum oxidative stress[malondialdehyde(MDA, glutathione peroxidase(GPx), and superoxide dismutase(SOD)] in patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis. Methods 79 patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis were randomly divided into trial group(n=44) and placebo group(n=35) .The double-blind treatment was for 24 weeks. The thyroid hormone levels, serum TPO-Ab levels, and oxidative stress indexes(MDA, GPx, and SOD) of both groups were detected before and after treatment. Results (1)There was no change of thyroid hormone levels either before or after treatments of both groups(P>0.05). (2)TPO-Ab of the trial group decreased significantly after the treatment(P<0.05). While the placebo group has little change. Group with TPO-Ab≤200 IU/ml and the course≤1 year manifested the most obvious declines by 29.98% and 26.63% respectively. (3)The oxidative stress level of trial group significantly decreased after 24 weeks. There was significantly positive correlation between the oxidative stress indexes and TPO-Ab. However the placebo group was with little change. Conclusion Selenium supplementation may reduce the level of TPO-Ab titers and oxidative stress in patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis, especially for those with lower antibody titers and short course.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of compound Qianglizhenxian pill on epilepsy. Methods 94 patients with epilepsy were treated with compound Qianglizhenxian pill, and every course lasted three months. After treatment, checking patients' electroencephalogram again, evaluating the clinical effect according to degrees and numbers of attack. Results After 12 months of treatment, 90.43% of patients got an obvious improvement, while 6.38% for better, 3.19% for validity and no invalid. Conclusions There is a great improvement for patients with epilepsy after taking the medicine. The effective control rate is 92.62% with no toxication on blood system, liver and kidney.

The present study was designed to investigate the role of protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) in the stimulating effect of adenosine on the basolateral 50 pS K(+) channels in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the rat kidney. Under the anatomic microscope, the TAL was dissected. The current of 50 pS K(+) channels were recorded by patch clamp technology. The protein expression of phosphorylated PKA and phosphorylated PLA(2) were examined by Western blot. The results showed that cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), an analog of adenosine, increased the 50 pS K(+) channel activity (P < 0.05). In the presence of H8, an antagonist of PKA, CHA did not affect the 50 pS K(+) channel activity. In the presence of AACOCF3 (an antagonist of PLA(2)), CHA did not further increase the 50 pS K(+) channel activity. CHA increased phosphorylation level of PKA, whereas inhibited phosphorylation of PLA(2) in the TAL of the rat kidney (P < 0.01). Furthermore, after blocking the PLA(2) with AACOCF3, CHA still increased the expression of phosphorylated PKA. On the contrary, CHA did not obviously change the expression of phosphorylated PLA(2) after H8 pretreatment. The results suggest that the stimulation of basolateral 50 pS K(+) channels by CHA is mediated by the activation of PKA followed by the inhibition of PLA(2) in the TAL of the rat kidney.
Adenosine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acids ; pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phospholipases A2 ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction

Objective To observe the alteration of interleukin-17 and interferon-γ double positive cells(IL-17 +/IFN-γ cells)in mice with coxsackie virus B3(CVB3)induced acute viral myocarditis(VMC).Methods VMC was induced in male Balb/c mice by peritoneal injection of CVB3.Control mice received PBS injection.At 0,1,2,3,4 and 6 weeks after injection,pathological scores were determined on hematoxylin-eosin stained heart sections and flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the percent of IL-17+/IFN-γ+ cells among CD4+ T cells.Results Compared to control mice,the pathological scores of VMC mice were higher on CVB3 infection week 1(1.8 ± 0.5),peaked on week 2(2.8 ± 0.5)and declined thereafter.However,the proportion of IL-17 +/IFN-γ+ cells remained steadily at a low level throughout the observation period and was similar between VMC and control mice.Conclusions Our data shows that IL-17 +/IFN-γ+ cells might not be involved in the inflammation process of CVB3 induced VMC mice model.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the frequency of micrometastasis in levels lII - IV of clinical negative neck (cN0) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral tongue, and to discuss the management of cervical lymph node for cN0 tongue SCC.

METHODSA total of 471 cervical lymph nodes derived from 25 patients with cN0 tongue SCC, including 263 lymph nodes in level III and 208 lymph nodes in level IV, were included in this study. All lymph nodes were re-examined by anti-cytokeratin (CK) immunohistochemical staining combined with semi-serial section per 500 microm.

RESULTSAmong the 25 cases, seven patients were confirmed harboring metastasis in 11 lymph nodes of level III, and no positive lymph node in level IV was detected by routine hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. 11 positive lymph nodes in level IIl, which confirmed by HE staining, were also detected by immunohistochemical staining with CK combined with semiserial section. Among the 460 cervical lymph nodes in which HE staining did not show metastasis, only one lymph node in level III harboring a 2.0 mm x 1.5 mm micrometastasis was detected by immunohistochemical staining with CK, and no positive lymph node in level IV was detected by immunohistochemical staining with CK.

CONCLUSIONThe frequency of occult metastasis in level IV was very low, so it seemed unnecessary to dissect level IV for all patients with cN0 tongue SCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis ; Tongue ; Tongue Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo compare the impact of various types of neck dissection on postoperative shoulder function.

METHODSThe shoulder functions of 66 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and cN0 necks who underwent various types of neck dissection were evaluated by Constant's shoulder function test and neck dissection impairment index at least 12 months after surgery.

RESULTSThe patients with accessory spinal nerve reserved had better shoulder function than those with accessory spinal nerve resected. In the group with accessory spinal nerve reserved, the patients receiving selective neck dissection (SND) showed better shoulder function than those with modified radical neck dissection (MRND). The shoulder dysfunction and pain arising from SND were minor in patients with selective neck dissection.

CONCLUSIONSThe shoulder function after SND was superior to those after RND and MRND.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Neck Dissection ; methods ; Shoulder ; physiopathology

Objective To study the cytotoxicity of cervical collar in rehabilitation technical aids and to investigate the cytotoxicity of domestic marketed products. Methods According to the experimental principle of GB/T 16886.5-2003 and GB/T 16175-2008,microscopic observa-tion and Thiazole Blue Colorimetric methods were used to observe the toxicity of extract from four different cer-vical collars on the cells(L929). Results When the concentration of the extract was 0.1 g/ml,the cytotoxicity was grade three and grade two in the cervi-cal collars D and A,respectively;and it was grade one both in cervical collars B and C.When the concentration of the extract was 0.2 g/ml,the cytotoxicity was grade four in cervical collars A and D,and was grade two in cer-vical collars B and C. Conclusion The cervical collars varied in the cytotoxicity,especially in cervical collars A and D.

Objective To investigate combination anesthesia with low-dose ketamine and mid-dose pentobarbital for open heart surgery in ju-venile pigs.Methods Thirty experimental juvenile pigs received ket-amine(3 mg·kg~(-1))and pentobarbital(20 mg·kg~(-1))intramuscularly for induction and intubation,then were given ketamine(5 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)),pentobarbital(6-8 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)),midazolam(0.1-0.2mg kg~(-1)·h~(-1))and pipecuronium(0.1 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1))intravenously for maintenance.The infusion of pentobarbital was withdrawn after car-diopulmonary bypass started.During the experimental treatment,vital signs were monitored;artery gas analysis and hemodynamie parameters were recorded.Results Twenty-eight juvenile pigs got stable hemody-namic parameters in the perioperative period.The time of anesthetic in-duction and maintenance is(9±2)and(179±15)min,respectively.The respiratory and cardiac arrest rates were 6.7% in induction and 3.3% in maintenance.respectively.Two cases got respiratory and cardi-ac arrest.on in induction and the OtIler after extubation.In addition,class I anesthetic effectiveness was achieved 73.3% in induction and 80.0% in maintenance,respectively.Conclusion This study demon-strated that lOW-dose ketamine combined with mid-dose pentobarbihal has little inhibition on respiration and circulation.The combination can achieve both hypnosis and analgesia effects with good surgical anesthetic effectiveness in juvenile pigs with open heart surgery.