Objective To analyze the subject frequency and score proportion of the national unified examination papers of Nursing Research according to the topic content,in order to offer proposals for the reformation and optimization of the examination,and provide self-test-takers with references of improving learning methods and results.Methods The papers of the subject of Nursing Research during October 2008 to January 2013 had been statistically analyzed following the syllabus.Results Comprehensive coverage of knowledge point existed in the papers of the recent five years.The theme of measurement of research tools (5.8％) and basic procedures of nursing research (7.0％) took a smaller proportion compared with nursing research design (16.0％) and nursing papers writing(16.3％).Conclusions The contents of the 10 papers of the past 5 years concentrate high attentions and emphasis on the comprehension and application of the basic theory and methods,which accord with the goals and requirements of this subject in the training of the research ability.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Female ; Heart Failure ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Postoperative Period ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; therapy ; Twins, Conjoined

Objective To study the therapeutic and protective effect of low tidal volume(LTV) ventilation in children with acute respiratory failure.Methods Forty-eight patients with respiratory failure were enrolled in our study.The patients were suffered from severe infection,trauma or after major operation.Besides general treatments,they were all given ventilation with LTV.Blood gas,ventilation parameters and complications related to ventilation were also measured.Results No significant difference was found between the patients with high tidal volume(HTV) and those with LTV in the results of improving respiratory acidosis.But the incidence of(ventilated-)induced lung injury(VILI) was lower in LTV patients.Conclusion LTV ventilation is preferable for children with acute respiratory failure and beneficial for alleviation of VILI.

Objective The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of taxol plus fluorouracil(TF)chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods 55 patients with ad- vanced gastric cancer were treated with TF schedule.A treatment cycle lasted 21 days.The efficacy was eval- uated after 2～3 cycles of the chemotherapy.Results These 55 patients were evaluated the efficacy and the toxicity.The total efficiency rate of TF schedule was 45.45 %.Clinical Benefit Response(CBR)were evaluated in 35 patients.Ache remission rate was 86.6 %.The main side effect of toxicity was neutropenia.The total re- sponse neutropenia is 56.4 %.The aboveⅢstage was 10.9 %.The rate of nausea and vomiting was 43.6 %. Conclusion The combination of taxol and fluorouracil is a high response protocol with mild toxicity.TF schedule has high efficiency for advanced gastric cancer,especially for the patients who had had chemothera- py with fluorouracil.

Objective To investigate whether caspase-8 regulates Bcl-2 expression in Fas and Actinomycin D(AD) induced apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells.Methods Bel-7402 cells were divided into four groups randomly,that is:control,Fas group,Fas-AD group and Ac-IEFD-cho group,and treated with Fas-AD in the presence/absence of caspase-8 inhibitor Ac-IEFD-cho.The expressions of caspase-8 and Bcl-2 were determined with Western Blot and RT-PCR,respectively.Results Compared with control group and Fas group,after Bel-7402 cells were treated with Fas-AD,typical apoptosis morphology was clearly observed,the expression of activated caspase-8 increased significantly,and the Bcl-2 expression decreased apparently.However,after Bel-7402 cells were treated with Fas-AD in the presence of the caspase-8 inhibitor Ac-IEFD-cho,the expressions of activated caspase-8 decreased while the Bcl-2 expression increased.Conclusion Activated caspase-8 can regulate Bcl-2 in Fas-and AD-induced apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells.

Objective To observe the changes of melanin granules in superficial corneocytes in vitiligo lesions after irradiation with narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) by using an adhesive tape stripping technique.Methods Vitiligo lesions were selected from 6 patients and irradiated with NB-UVB every other day for 31 sessions.Superficial corneocytes were obtained by an adhesive tape stripping technique from the vitiligo lesions and perilesional normal skin before every treatment.The morphology,distribution and color of melanin granules were observed after Masson-Fontana silver staining.The percentage of area occupied by melanin granules in superficial corneocytes were calculated by using the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software.Statistical analysis was conducted by the SPSS11.5 software.Results There were still a few superficial corneocytes containing melanin granules remaining in the vitiligo lesions before treatment.The percentage of area occupied by melanin granules was (5.31 ± 4.12)％ before treatment,(6.24 ± 2.65)％ after 10 treatment sessions,(10.14 ± 5.73)％ after 20 sessions,and (13.05 ± 6.17)％ after 30 sessions,with significant differences between these time points (F =4.334,P ＜ 0.05).Multiple comparisons revealed a significant increase in the percentage of area occupied by melanin granules after 30 treatment sessions compared with those before treatment and after 10 treatment sessions (both P ＜ 0.01 ).The morphology and color of melanin granules in repigmented lesions after treatment differed from those in perilesional normal skin before treatment.Conclusion The adhesive tape stripping technique may serve as a useful tool for the evaluation of repigmentation in vitiligo lesions after phototherapy.

Objective: To study the curative effect of Shengmai injection(生脉注射液) and composite Danshen injection(复方丹参注射液) on acute septic cardiomyopathy(ASC).Methods: Sixty patients(clinically) diagnosed as ASC were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group and control group.All the patients received western routine treatment,and Shengmai injection and composite Danshen injection were added to the patients in the treatment group once per day for 14 days.Cardiac troponin(cTn),electrocardiogram(ECG),clinical synthetic curative effect and amelioration rate of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores as well as inflammatory indexes including C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT) and white blood cell count(WBC) were observed after treatment.Results: The levels of cTn,ECG,clinical synthetic curative effect and amelioration rate of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores were more improved in the treatment group than those of the control group(all P

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing year by year in the world, which seriously threaten the public health. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, and there is no specific treatment for NAFLD. Natural-derived compounds have the characteristics of multi-target and multi-mechanism, which can improve the curative effect and reduce the toxic and side effects by regulating multiple factors of the disease. They are ideal drugs for treating complex diseases and have unique advantages in improving NAFLD. However, low intestinal absorption, poor bioavailability, and single medicine efficiency limit the utilization of many compounds, and further drug development and clinical application are challenging. This paper reviews the research progress of natural-derived compounds in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in recent years, analyzes the existing problems, and discusses the improvement strategies, so as to provide reference for related research.

Objective To investigate the mechanism and clinical value of sacral plexus perfusion method in the treatment of rachi lumbocrural pain.Methods 80 cases of patients with rachi lumbocrural pain in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2016 were selected, they were randomly divided into sacral plexus perfusion method treatment group ( study group) and infrared short medium long frequency therapeutic instrument combined with acupuncture and massage therapy group (control group) two groups, 40 cases in each group.The main clinical symptoms scores, main clinical signs scores, thoracolumbar spine flexion, VAS scores, clinical efficacy of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results The low back pain, cold limbs, numbness, leg redicular pain scores of the study group were significantly lower, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the both sides L3 transverse tip tenderness scores, VAS score were significantly lower, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the thoracolumbar flexion was significantly higher, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the total treatment efficiency 92.5%(37/40) was significantly higher than the control group 67.5%(27/40), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion The clinical value of sacral plexus perfusion method in the treatment of rachi lumbocrural pain is higher than infrared short medium long frequency therapeutic instrument combined with acupuncture and massage therapy, it can more effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs, relieve the pain, enhance the thoracolumbar flexion and total treatment efficiency of patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of recruitment maneuver(RM) on surfactant proteins in young piglets with acute lung injury and the possible mechanisms of lung recruitment after RM.Methods The piglet model of ALI was established by lipopolysaccharide intravenous injection,12 male piglets were randomly divided into two groups:conventional ventilation group(control group) and RM with low tidal volume group(RM group).After 8 hours of ventilation,mRNA expression of surfactant protein-A(SP-A),SP-B,SP-C,SP-D in the piglet lungs were determined by real time PCR and SP-A protein distribution was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Biochemical analyses of TP,total phospholipids(TPL),DSPC were conducted as well.SP-A levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and plasma were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results As compared with control group,RM group had higher expression of SP-A,SP-B,SP-C and SP-D.SP-A average gray values of control group and RM group were 97.8±6.4 and 106.3±8.5,and there was significant difference(P＜0.01).RM group showed significant increase of TPL,DSPC and DSPC/TP.The concentration of SP-A in BALF was higher in RM group than that of the control group,however,SP-A plasma level was lower in RM group than that of the control group.Conclusion RM can increase suffactant protein expression in ALI animals,alleviate surfactant protein dysfunction and regulate the concentration of SP-A,which may improve alveolar recruitment following the RM and alleviate ventilator-induced lung injury.