Administrative Personnel ; psychology ; Burnout, Professional ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Personnel ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the optimum target plasma concentration of propofol in preventing the adverse effects of carboprost tromethamine in the patients undergoing caesarean section.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight nulliparous parturients who were at full term with a singleton fetus,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 24-37 yr,weighing 54-78kg,scheduled for elective caesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =32 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),and different concentrations of propofol groups (P1-3 groups).Carboprost tromethamine 250 μg was injected into the body of the uterus,and propofol with the target plasma concentrations of 0.8,1.2 and 1.6 μg/ml was simultaneously given by target-controlled infusion in P1,P2 and P3 groups,respectively,and normal saline was infused at a rate of 0.5 ml · kg-1 · h-1 in group C.The occurrence of cardiovascular events was recorded from the end of carboprost tromethamine administration until the end of surgery.The relatedadverse effects after carboprost tromethamine administration,and Ramsay sedation score at 15 mm after carboprost tromethamine administration were recorded,and satisfactory sedation was defined as Ramsay sedation score of 2.The occurrence of complications associated with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was recorded during the postoperative follow-up.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of carboprost tromethamine-related adverse effects was significantly decreased in P2 and P3 groups,the rate of satisfactory sedation was significantly increased in P1 and P2 groups,the incidence of hypotension and tachycardia was significantly decreased in group P1 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the incidence of carboprost tromethamine-related adv erse effects in group P1,and in the rate of satisfactory sedation in group P3 (P＞ 0.05).Compared with group P1,the incidence of carboprost tromethaminerelated adverse effects was significantly decreased in P2 and P3 groups,the rate of satisfactory sedation was significantly increased in group P2,and the rate of satisfactory sedation was significantly decreased in group P3 (P＜0.05).Compared with group P2,the rate of satisfactory sedation was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the incidence of carboprost tromethamine-related adverse effects in group P3 (P＞0.05).No cardiovascular events were found in group P2,and the incidence of hypotension was 9％ in group P3.Conclusion The optimum target plasma concentration of propofol in preventing the adverse effects of carboprost tromethamine is 1.2 μg/ml in the patients undergoing caesarean section.

Purpose To establish myocardial infarction model in rabbits and to evaluate cardiac function and pathological changes.Materials and Methods In 35 New Zealand white rabbits, the left anterior descending branch (LAD) of the coronary artery was ligated. The cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography, and the blood serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was examined preoperatively, on postoperative day 1, and in 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks for comparison. Pathological sections and HE staining were performed to observe pathological changes. Results The death rate was 28.6% (10/35). There was progressive increase in left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) at 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks (P<0.05). There was progressive decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening fraction (LVFS) at 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks (P<0.05). The BNP level started increasing in 1 day, peaked in 1 week, then gradually decreased but remained higher than preoperative level in 8 weeks (P<0.01). Pathological section showed typical myocardial cell degeneration, necrosis, ifbrosis, calciifcation and scar formation. Conclusion This myocardial infarction model is satisfactory with signiifcant decrease of cardiac function and increase of BNP level.

Abstract: Objective To detect the polymorphisms of drug resistance-related genes pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 of Plasmodium vivax in lazan city in the China-Myanmar border, in order to guide the treatment plan of Plasmodium vivax. Methods A total of 48 Plasmodium vivax samples were collected from Lazan in the China-Myanmar border in 2007, and fragments of pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The sequences were aligned with the Salvador I (Sal-I) strain reference genome sequences to determine the presence of SNPs. Results The target fragments of pvcrt-o gene were amplified from 39 Plasmodium vivax samples, while pvmdr1 genes were amplified from 40 samples. Amongst them, 25 samples had AAG insertion before the 10th amino acid (K10 insertion) of pvcrt-o gene, accounting for 64.1%. Non-synonymous mutations were detected at three loci of pvmdr1 gene (T958M, Y976F, and F1076L), the mutation rates were 100%, 22.5%, and 55.0%, respectively. There were three haplotypes of pvmdr1 gene, of which the triple mutant 958M/976F/1076L accounted for 22.5% (9/40), the double mutant 958M/Y976/1076L accounted for 32.5% (13/40), and the single mutant 958M/Y976/F1076 accounted for 45.0% (18/40). The proportion of strains with pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 gene mutation is 63.16%, which is significantly different from those only with pvmdr1 mutation. Conclusions The proportion of pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 gene mutation of 48 Plasmodium vivax isolates is high in the China-Myanmar border, and there is a certain degree of correlation between the two gene mutations. To assess changes in Plasmodium vivax drug resistance in this region, it is required to improve the surveillance of these two molecular markers.

Coronary Sinus ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Subclavian Vein ; Vena Cava, Superior

OBJECTIVETo construct and express the recombinant human adiponectin (gAd) global domain.

METHODSgAd complementary DNA (cDNA) was obtained from human fat tissue by RT-PCR. The PCR product was cloned into the vector pMD18-T and the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a(+). The recombinant vector was identified by digestion with double restriction endonucleases SalI and EcoRI, PCR and sequence analysis. The recombinant plasmid containing gAd gene was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3), and the expression of the fusion protein His-gAd was induced by IPTG.

RESULTSThe gAd cDNA of 412 bp was obtained from the total RNA of the fat tissue and verified by sequence analysis.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant plasmid could stably express the 34-kD fusion protein His-gAd in the engineered bacteria in the form of inclusion bodies.

Adiponectin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Adult ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Prokaryotic Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis

Objective To investigate the developmental feasibility of early human fetal testes (<3 months) using xenografting technique and to acquire an accessible donor derivation that is essential for studying human germ cell development. Methods Nine testes from 10-13 weeks aborted fetus were grafted under the back skin of 6 castrated nude mice. Grafts were collected at different time point according to the growth of the donor tissues and the health condition of the recipients. Morphological and histological analyses were performed for the observation of the development of grafted immature testicular tissues. Results The mass of grafts was increased from about 5-7mg to 84.1mg (the biggest). Six of 9 testes were to be in developing. Histological observations showed a significant expansion of seminiferous tubules from (44.26±3.14)μm to (77.69±7.47)μm. Cells dispersedly distributed in seminiferous cords at the time of grafting migrated towards the basal part of seminiferous epithelium. Some germ cells with spermatogonium-like characteristics located on the basement membrane. Sertoli cells were in stages from immature into matured with abundant cytoplasm which were orderly arranged around spermatogonia forming a niche-like structure. Conclusion Testes from early aborted human fetus grafted under the back skin of castrated nude mice showed further development and therefore could be used as an easier accessible donor tissues for the investigation of human spermatogenetic mechanism.

BackgroundThe effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on public health have attracted wide attentions.The association of the thermal effect of ELF-EMFs with cancer and ocular tissue damage has been of concern.However,the pathological changes of scleral tissue after exposure to ELF-EMFs as well as the relationship between these changes and myopia are still poorly understood.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the molecular pathological changes of human fetal scleral fibroblasts (HFSFs) after exposure to ELF-EMFs in vitro and to explore the possible mechanism in the occurrence and development of myopia.MethodsHFSFs were cultured and passaged and then exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields,and HFSFs that did not receive the irradiation of ELF-EMFs were used as the control group.The expression of collagen type Ⅰ (COL1A1 ) mRNA and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA in cultured HFSFs were detected by real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) under different magnetic field intensites (0,0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0 mT) and different exposure time (0,6,12,24,36,48 hours).Cell proliferation assay of HFSFs was detected by the cell counting kit 8 ( CCK8 ) assay.The expression levels of COL1 A1 and MMP-2 proteins in HFSFs were further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.Results The expression of COL1A1 mRNA was significantly down-regulated under the exposure of 0.2 mT ELF-EMFs for 6 hours,in comparison with the control group;moreover,it decreased in parallel with the increased of flux density (0.099±0.008 vs.0.050±0.004) (P =0.009 ).The expression of MMP-2mRNA was up-regulated conspicuously after exposure to 0.1 mT ELF-EMFs for 24 hours,and it increased with exposure time in comparison with the control group ( 0.009 ±0.001 vs.0.018±0.003 ) ( P =0.038 ).Proliferation of HFSFs (A450) was inhibited following the exposure to 0.2 mT ELF-EMFs for 24 hours in comparison with the control group (P =0.009 ).The expression of COL1 A1 in the experimental group was decreased,compared with the control group,but the expression of MMP-2 was increased.ConclusionsELF-EMFs inhibit the proliferation of HFSFs and expression of COL1 A1 in HFSFs,which might be one of the reasons for the development of myopia.

Objective To explore the risk factors of sepsis complicated with hepatic insufficiency in elder patients.Methods With retrospective case-control study method,according to whether or not complicated with hepatic insufficiency,a total of 384 elder sepsis patients were divided into case group (91 patients) and control group(293 patients),then single factor analysis and multiple factors Logistic regression methods were used to screen the risk factors.Results Single factor analysis identified 6 kinds of significant variables,including age(P =0.000),history of alcohol(P =0.006),chronic diseases(P =0.001),arterial blood lactate level (P =0.035),mechanical ventilation (P =0.009) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅲ score (APACHE-Ⅲ) scores(P =0.004).Multiple factors Logistic regression analysis showed that age,history of alcohol,chronic diseases,arterial blood lactate level,mechanical ventilation,APACHE-Ⅲ scores were correlated with sepsis complicated hepatic insuffciency in elder patients (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The risk factors which closely relate to sepsis complicated with hepatic insufficiency in elder patients are age,history of alcohol,chronic diseases,arterial blood lactate level,mechanical ventilation,APACHE-Ⅲ scores.

Objective:To explore the effect of the microenvironment induced by damaged mouse hepatic cells on the conversion of human umbilical cord blood-derived cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Methods: A hepatic injury-like microenvironment was mimicked using carbon tetrachloride damaged mouse hepatic cells, where mononuclear cells (MNC) from human umbilical cord blood were cultured in a compartment separated by trans-well membrane. Histochemical staining, reversed transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and gene sequencing were performed for the information on the conversion of human umbilical cord blood MNC. Results: A number of PAS positive stained cells in MNC co-cultured with damaged mouse hepatic cells were observed after 72 h. Cells expressing mature hepatocyte markers, human albumin (hALB) and human GATA-4 (hGATA-4) mRNA were detected by RT-PCR, which was further confirmed with sequencing. Relevant control groups, MNC co-cultured with normal mouse hepatic cells and MNC cultured alone remained negative. Conclusion: The culture system using damaged mouse hepatic cells as stimulator could be a potential in vitro system for the conversion of human umbilical cord blood-derived cells into hepatocyte-like cells.