ness et al. Conclusions Durngesic can provide excellent pain relief and improve the quality of life for patients with moderate to severe non-cancer chronic pain and side effects.

Objective To evaluate the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) on bone mineral density ( BMD ) of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) infected patients and correlating clinical factors. Methods The clinical data from 2007 to 2008 were analyzed, including 50 patients treated with HAART (named treated group) ,12 HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients (named untreated group) and 20 healthy people (named control group).Lumbar, femoral neck, femur, femoral greater trochanter and whole body BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.The data were respectively analyzed.Results There were 19 (38.0% ) patients with osteopenia and 1(2.0% ) patient with osteoporosis in the treated group.There were 6(50.0% ) patients with osteopenia and 2 (16.7% ) patient with osteoporosis in the untreated group.There were 5(25.0% ) patients with osteopenia, no one with osteoporosis in the control group.The prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis was statistically higher in the untreated group than that in the control group (P = 0.02).The BMD of femur, femoral neck and greater trochanter [(0.97±0.14) , (0.91 ±0.13 ) , (0.76 ±0.12) g/cm2] in the HIV-infected group (including the treated and untreated group) were significantly lower than that in the control group [(1.04±.12) , (0.98±.14) , (0.84±0.11) g/cm2 ,P <0.05].There were no significantly differences in the BMD between the untreated group and the treated group.In the treated group, osteopenia/osteoporosis correlated with body weight less than 60 kg (r=0.074,P =0.004) and the viral load before HAART(r=5.103,P =0.021).Conclusions The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients is higher.The BMD of HIV-infected patients are reduced compared with the healthy people.The BMD is similar among HIVinfected patients irrespective of antiretroviral treatment Body weight less than 60 kg and the viral load before HAART are the risk factors of osteopenia/osteoporosis for the HIV-infected antiretroviral patients.

OBJECTIVEIt has been demonstrated that when a high-speed handpiece stops rotating, negative pressure will form. Thus, contaminating fluid in which there are many kinds of bacteria and viruses from the external environment will retract into various compartments of the handpiece and the dental unit. The purpose of the study is to compare the preventing effect of antisuction designed handpiece and conventional handpiece on viral contamination at different rotating times.

METHODSTwenty handpieces with or without antisuction device (10 of each) were used in the study. Each handpiece was submerged into 10(-6) microg/microl HBV particle solution rotating 5 and 10 times respectively (every time rotating for 10 seconds). Samples were obtained from the water line and chip air line of the handpieces and examined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSAt the same rotating times, there was statistical significance of the viral concentration between the two kinds of handpieces (P < 0.05) . However, there was no statistical significance of the viral concentration between different rotating times in each group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONContamination taking place in both water and air lines of dental handpiece was not enhanced by increasing the number of rotating times of the handpiece. The antisuction devices installed into the water line and chip air line were demonstrated to prevent viral contamination effectively.

Dental High-Speed Equipment ; virology ; Equipment Contamination ; prevention & control ; Suction

Objective To explore the effects of Living with Hope Program(LWHP) on family caregivers of patients with advanced lung cancer.Methods Totally 60 family caregivers of patients with advanced lung cancer were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group received LWHP intervention and routine care knowledge education,the control group only received routine care knowledge education.Hope,self-efficacy,anxiety and depression,and quality of life were evaluated at the first week,the second week,the first month,and the third month.Differences between two groups were compared using variance analysis of repeated measurements.Results The self-evaluation of the intervention was 76.6％,and the main effects of hope level,selfefficacy,anxiety and depression,and mental health were statistically significant (P＜0.05);the time effect on hope level and self-efficacy were statistically significant (P＜0.05);there were interaction effects between intervention and time on hope level,self-efficacy,anxiety and depression,and mental health (P＜0.05).Conclusion LWHP can effectively improve hope level,self-efficacy and mental health status,and alleviate anxiety and depression of family caregivers of patients with advanced lung cancer.

OBJECTIVEUsing simple method to reform depressed middle part of the face and to prolong nasal columella.

METHODSFill silicone into the subcutaneous cavity of the nase and maxillary attended by using nasal columella base and bilateral labial mucosa flaps.

RESULTSObtain a satisfactory result to reform depressed nose,nasal columella and maxilla.

CONCLUSIONSIt is a propagable economic way to resolve a complex deformation using this simple method, and get a satisfactory result.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Craniofacial Abnormalities ; surgery ; Face ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; transplantation ; Rhinoplasty ; methods ; Silicones ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the structural and functional changes of internal anal sphincter (IAS) in children with functional constipation (FC), and to evaluate the association between the thickness of IAS and the severity of clinical symptoms.

METHODSA total of 35 children with FC(constipation group,17 with incontinence) between June 2008 and December 2008 at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were evaluated using anal manometry and endosonography. These patients were compared to 23 hospitalized children who were excluded for digestive and endocrinal diseases(control group). A validated symptom score(SS) was used to assess the severity of symptoms. The sum of SS ranged between 0 and 65.

RESULTSAnorectal manometry showed reflex relaxation of IAS in response to distension of rectal balloon in all patients. Rectal perceptional threshold in FC group was significantly higher than that in the controls[(42.4 ± 19.5) ml vs.(29.1 ± 15.6) ml, P<0.05]. The lowest volume for inducing reflex relaxation of IAS was significantly higher than that in the controls [(55.6 ± 31.6) ml vs.(30.5 ±13.8) ml, P<0.05]. The thickening of IAS was noted in all the patients[(3.8 ± 1.7) mm vs.(2.5 ± 1.0) mm, P<0.05]. However, there was no significant difference between FC and control in median resting anal sphincter pressure[(170.8 ± 62.3) mm Hg vs. (161.3 ± 51.1) mm Hg, P>0.05]. The median symptom score was 9.3 ± 4.3 in the FC group. The thickness of IAS correlated significantly with total symptom severity score(r=0.407, P<0.05). There was no correlation between thickness of IAS and age, sex, or duration of disease(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSStructural and functional changes of internal anal sphincter exist in children with functional constipation. The thickness of internal anal sphincter correlates significantly with symptom severity.

Anal Canal ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Constipation ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Endosonography ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75) binds to p53 and inhibits its nuclear translocation, and thus plays a role in cell protection. To investigate whether the binding of Grp75 and p53 would influence the viability of cells, we constructed the eukaryotic expression vector of Grp75 deletion mutant. The deletion mutant gene was obtained by SOE-PCR (gene splicing by overlap extension) and then linked to the pcDNA3.0 vector. The constructed specific expression vector, pcDNA3.0/Grp75(Δ253-282), was identified by restriction enzymes and sequencing. Then we used liposome to transfect the specific vector into PC12 cells. The stable cell strain PC12/Grp75(Δ253-282)(+) was selected by G418 (1 mg/mL). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot showed that Grp75 mRNA and protein expressions in PC12/Grp75(Δ253-282)(+) cells were higher than those in PC12 cells. The viability of cells undergoing 0 h, 3 h, 9 h, 18 h and 36 h of glucose deprivation respectively was measured by MTT assay. The results showed that the cell viability of PC12/Grp75(+) group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups, and the cell viability of PC12/Grp75(Δ253-282)(+) group was significantly higher than that of the PC12 group (P<0.05). Hoechst33324 staining was employed to detect cell apoptosis and the results were consistent with the MTT assay results. Western blot results indicated that the expression of p53 in PC12/Grp75(+) cells was lower than those in the other two groups, which might be due to the overexpression of Grp75. These results suggest that the protective role of Grp75 is partly associated with its binding to p53. The above results suggest that Grp75 deletion mutation could to some extent reduce the viability of cells.
Animals ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Vectors ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mutant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Rats ; Transfection

AIM:To investigate the effects of simvastatin on the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 ( TLR-2 ) , interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in lung tissues of mice with mouse cytomegalovirus ( MCMV) pneumonia and to explore the possible mechanism .METHODS:Male BALB/c mice (6~8 weeks old, n=40) were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC) group, MCMV infection group, simvastatin group 1 (SMV1 group), simvastatin group 2 (SMV2 group), and simvastatin group 3 (SMV3 group).The mice in SMV1, SMV2 and SMV3 groups were gavaged with simvastatin (50 mg· kg-1 · d-1 for 7 d) 7 d before, on the same day of and 3 d after in-traperitoneal injection of MCMV , while the mice in normal control group and MCMV infection group were gavaged with the same volume of normal saline .HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissues in mice .Total tis-sue protein was extracted from the lung homogenates to detect the expression of TLR-2 by Western blot and immunohisto-chemical staining .Real-time PCR was used to analyse the content of MCMV DNA .The levels of IFN-γand MCP-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS:Compared with NC group, the pathological chan-ges of the lung tissues of the mice in MCMV group showed alveolar interstitial edema , alveolar wall widening and a large number of inflammatory cells .The expression of TLR-2 in the lung tissues of the mice in model group was increased signifi-cantly.The content of MCMV DNA was increased , and the expression of IFN-γand MCP-1 was also increased significant-ly.Compared with the mice in MCMV group , the pathological changes of the lung tissues of simvastatin groups showed that the inflammatory cells were decreased .The expression of TLR-2 was down-regulated.The content of MCMV DNA was de-creased, and the levels of IFN-γand MCP-1 were also decreased significantly .At the same time, the expression of TLR-2 and the content of MCMV DNA in SMV1 group were less than those in SMV2 and SMV3 groups (P<0.05), and no statis-tically significant difference between SMV 2 and SMV3 groups was observed .CONCLUSION:Simvastatin down-regulates the TLR-2 signaling pathway , and reduces the expression of TLR-2 and replication of MCMV DNA , thus attenuating the pathological damage of the lung tissue .Early intervention with simvastatin plays an important role in preventing the infection of MCMV and reducing the inflammation .

Objective To investigate the expressions of human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) mRNA and protein in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma and their significance as diagnostic markers in predicting the biological behaviour of these tumours.Methods Expression of hTERT mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in 45 pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas(31 benign,7 suspected malignant and 7 malignant) and 9 normal adrenal medulla samples,hTERT protein was determined by immunohistoebemistry.Results hTERT mRNA was expressed in 5/7 malignant turnouts and 5/7 suspected malignant tumours as compared with 3/31 benign tumours(P

To investigate the changes in bcl-2, bax expression and neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus after the blockade of cervical lymphatics, the model of lymphostatic encephalopathy was established by occluding and removing both the superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes in rats. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 d after operation. H and E staining was used to observe the structure of brain tissues and TUNEL staining was used to detect in situ cell apoptosis in the hippocampus. The expression of bcl-2 and bax in the hippocampus were examined by RT-PCR. The results showed that cerebroedema appeared at day 2 and was most serious at day 5 after the blockade of cervical lymphatics. The number of TUNEL positive cells began to increase at day 2 and reached the maximum at day 5. The expression of bax began to increase at day 1 and reached the maximum at day 2. The expression of bcl-2 began to decrease at day 1 and dropped to the minimum at day 5. The items mentioned above recovered to control level at day 14. These results suggest that lymphostatic encephalopathy following the blockade of cervical lymphatics result in changes in bcl-2 and bax expression in the hippocampus and that apoptosis is the main form of neuron death.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic System ; physiology ; Male ; Neck ; Neurons ; cytology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism