Dry eye is one of the most frequently ocular surface diseases. Recent researches found that many reasons caused decrease of ocular surface damage and the quality of tears , such as the change of ocular surface, immuno-inflammatory responses, apoptosis and the reduction of sex hormone. It is reported that the decline of ovarian function and hormone level in postmenopausal women which leads to abnormal structure and function of tear film is more likely to develop dry eye. In this paper, the ocular surface, pathogenesis and progresses of treatment on postmenopausal women with dry eye are reviewed.

After the practical experiences were described in cultivating military aviation medical information research brand, providing selective dissemination of information in novelty assessment of military aviation medical literature , establishing the platform for pushing the aviation medical information , integrating the aviation medical resources , and carrying on the methodology research of aviation medical information, the successful results in reference service were summarized in novelty assessment of military aviation medical literature.

Objective To compare the graft function of 2 methods of kidney harvesting,the modified method of combined liver and kidney procurement and rapid en bloc kidney procurement. Methods The clinical data of 220 cadaveric renal transplantation recipients were collected(12 months follow-up),174 cases from en bloc kidney procurement and 46 from combined liver and kidney procurement.The average harvesting time,the incidence of renal vein injury,1 year kidney survival and incidence of acute rejection were compared between the two methods.Results In average harvesting time and incidence of renal vein injury,the en bloc kidney procurement were better than the method of combined liver and kidney procurement.However,the method of combined liver and kidney procurement was better than the en bloc kidney procurement in 1 year kidney survival,1 year incidence of acute rejection and average warm ischemia time.There was no difference in 1 year survival of patients and 24 h,1 week and 1 year graft function after transplantation. Conclusion Although the method of combined liver and kidney procurement is better than the en bloc kidney procurement in 1 year kidney survival and 1 year incidence of acute rejection,there is no difference between the 2 methods in 1 year survival of patients and graft function after transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the newly recominended chronic heart failue (CHF) marker-serum galection-3 (Gal-3)level and the prognosis of CHF by Meta-analysis.Methods The Chinese and English literatures about the relationship between Gal-3 and CHF prognosis were searched in PubMed,EMbase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases. All literatures were assessed by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hazard ratio (HR)and 95% confidence interval (CI)in each literature were extracted for Meta-analysis using STATA 12.1 software.The stability and reliability were evaluated by sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis.Results Ten literatures complying with the requirements were included.The results of heterogeneity test were as follows:① When the influence of other factors were not excluded,heterogeneity test showed that P =0.000,I 2 =89.2%,heterogeneity existed in different studies,so statistics were combined using a random effects model.The combined HR of univariate analysis was 1.36 and 95% CI was 1.23-1.50.2.When the influence of other factors were excluded,heterogeneity test showed that P < 0.001,I 2 = 68.4%,heterogeneity existed in different studies,so statistics were combined using a random effects model.The combined HR of multivariate analysis was 1.17 and 95% CI was 1.07-1.26.3.Sensitivity analysis showed that when the study with the largest samples was excluded,the combined HR of univariate analysis was 1.54 and 95% CI was 1.32 - 1.77;the combined HR of multivariate analysis was 1.26 and 95% CI was 1.09 - 1.42.When the study with the smallest samples was excluded,the combined HR of univariate analysis was 1.34 and 95% CI was 1.20 - 1.47;the combined HR of multivariate analysis was 1.15 and 95% CI was 1.06-1.24.Conclusion The serum level of Gal-3 is increased significantly in the patients with CHF and it may be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of the CHF patients.

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; complications ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Betaine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Genotype ; Homocysteine ; urine ; Humans ; Hydroxocobalamin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; complications ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Infant ; Methylmalonic Acid ; blood ; urine ; Mutation ; Vitamin B 12 ; metabolism

AIM: To observe the relationship between UCP2 mRNA expression in white adipose tissue and diet-induced obesity in SR-A I/II gene knock-out(SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ-/-) mice.METHODS: Fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect UCP2 mRNA expression in mice epididymal white adipose tissue.The cellular morphological changes were analyzed by using image analysis.Serum TG,TC and LDL-C concentrations were measured by enzymatic determination.RESULTS: After fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks,average body weight of SR-A I/II-/-mice was much higher than that of wild type(SR-A I/II+/+) control mice(P

Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Fever ; Histiocytosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Male

Objective To investigate the relationship between intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and en docrine parameters so as to assess the effects of the main endocrine factors on IUGR. The concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin, T3, T4 and TSH were measured in umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid and maternal serum. Methods The samples were collected from 23 pregnant women who were diagnosed as the full term IUGR, 42 normal full term pregnant women with normal infants' weight were taken as control. Growth hormone and insulin were mea sured by radioimmunoassay. T3, T4 and TSH were investigated by micro-radioimmunoassay. Results The concentra tions of growth hormone, insulin and T4 in umbilical cord blood were lower in IUGR than that in control group(GH 4. 63μg/L vs 7.01μg/L, insulin 10. 68μIU/ml vs 31.44μIU/ml, T4 87. 39nmol/L vs 138. 10nmol/L. P ＜0. 05, 0. 05 and 0. 05, respectively). The TSH concentration in umbilical cord blood was higher in IUGR than in control group (10. 84μmIU/L vs 5. 75μmIU/L, P ＜0. 01). The concentration of growth hormone in maternal serum and the concen tration of insulin in amniotic fluid were also lower in IUGR group than in control group(GH 1.77μg/L vs 2.74μg/L, P ＜0. 01, insulin 5. 84μIU/mi vs 15. 64μIU/ml, P ＜0. 01). Conclusion This study confirms that full term neonates with IUGR are abnormal in endocrine factors. The inadequacy of growth hormone may be one of the causes of IUGR. The relative scarcity of growth hormone and insulin seems to be a factor to compromise the fetus' metabolism. Be sides, the early hypothyrosis of infants with IUGR might protect them from unfavorable environment in the uterine.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain injury in rats.Methods Thirty-six pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6 weeks,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each):control group (group C),LPS group (group L) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 350 mg/kg,tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated.Dexmedetomidine 100 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally and LPS 7.5 mg/kg was injected via the femoral vein 15 min later in group D.Normal saline 2 ml was injected intraperitoneally and LPS 7.5 mg/kg was injected via the femoral vein 15 min later in group L.Normal saline 2 ml was injected intraperitoneally and then injected via the femoral vein 15 min later in group C.Blood samples were obtained from the femoral artery at 2 and 4 h after LPS administration for determination of serum TNF-α concentration by ELISA.Six rats were chosen at 12 h after LPS administration,Evan's blue (EB) was injected via the femoral vein,and then the rats were sacrificed and brains removed for determination of EB content.Another six rats were sacrificed and their brains were immediately removed for determination of brain water content and for microscopic examination.Results The brain water content,EB content and serum TNF-α concentration were significantly increased in groups L and D as compared with group C (P ＜ 0.05).The brain water content,EB content and serum TNF-α concentration were significantly lower in group D than in group L (P ＜ 0.05).The microscopic examination showed that brain injury was attenuated in group D compared with group L.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce LPS-induced brain injury and reduction of the inflammatory response in the brain tissues and improvement in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier may be involved in the mechanism.