Exosome is a self-secreted phospholipid bilayer nanovesicles, and has shown great potential in drug delivery field due to the important advantages of low immunogenicity and homologous targeting. Phototherapy, mainly includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), utilize light to activate photoactive drug for tumor cell killing. The advanced therapeutic strategy shows low toxic side-effect and non-invasion precise advantages, and thus has made great progress in tumor treatment over the past few years. Therefore, using exosomes as a drug delivery system to deliver phototherapeutic agents can improve therapeutic performances with a reduced side-effect, and further enhance their application potential for clinical tumor therapy. This review focus on the rising cross-subjects field involving exosomes and phototherapy, and mainly introduce the research progress and relative case of exosomes-based delivery system for cancer phototherapy. Additionally, the advantages and challenges of exosome-based phototherapy are also discussed and proposed.

Objective To explore the effect of isometric contraction-induced ischemic burden for evoking maximal intrinsic femoral artery collateral circulation. Methods Twenty-four adult New Zealand rabbits weighing (2.0±0.5) kg were subjected to a model of isometric contraction-induced ischemia. An electrode was implanted in the sciatic nerve of the left hind limb for evoking isometric contraction of the gastrocnemius, which blocked local blood flow and induced local ischemia. Femoral artery collateral blood flow (FCBF) was measured using a micro-sphere technique. Results Local blood flow was the lowest at 40% of the maximal isometric contraction (IEmax), and reached plateau at 60% of IEmax. FCBF increased gradually and reached a plateau at 40% of IEmax in the 4th min. After 4 minutes at 40% of IEmax, FCBF had increased to higher than pre-stimulus, peaking in the 2nd minute, and then decreasing gradually to baseline at the 5th minute after reperfusion. It ceased to increase when reperfusion was prolonged to 8 or 10 min. Conclusions The minimal ischemic burden for full obstruction of the femoral artery is 40% of IEmax, and the shortest stimulus duration is 4 min. The maximal FCBF opening duration is no more than 5 min.

Anthracosis ; diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery

Objective To investigate the feature of pathogenic bacteria in central venous catheter related infection (CVC-RI)and risk factor in the emergency intensive care unit (ICU).Methods One hundred and three patients were checked out bacteria from January 2006 to December 2008 in the ICU who were central venous catheter and corresponded with diagnostic criteria for CVC-RI.They were analyzed retrospectively.Results The ratio between Gram-postive bacteria (37.9%,39/103)and Gram-negative bacteria (42.7%,44/103)were not statistically significant,however,CVC-RI was related to applying duetal number,duct keeping on time and elect location.Duct staying in subclavian vein had the fewest chance.Conclusions It would be better to choose duct staying in subclavian vein.control remaining time and luminal number,and monitor changing pathogenic bacteria strictly.Main measures are taken to evade the pollution on the ental and external lumina.

Objective:To explore the influence of liquid for post-operative irrigation on the effect of ESS.Method:192 cases with chronic sinusitis and/or nasal polyps of groupIIstageII who had undergone the ESS from September,1998 to June,1999 and completed a3-month follow-up were divided randomly into 3 groups to accept 3 different kinds of irrigation liquid.The evaluation of curative effect was according to the index of HaiKou ESS-97.Result:The curative effect of Herba Houttuyniae group was better than the other two.Conclusion:The post-operative care is important and the irrigation liquid can affect the effect of ESS.

Adult ; Aged ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; methods ; Dental Implantation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Middle Aged

Objective:To investigate the preemptive analgesic effect of flurbiprofen on inflammatory cytokine in patients undergoing cerebral operation.Methods:Forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱpatients undergoing cerebral surgery were randomly divided into control group(group C,n=20)and flurbiprofen group(group F,n=20).Flurbipmfen of 10 mL was given intravenously 15 min before skin incision.The values of VAS scores were recorded at 2 h,24 h and 48 h after operation.Blood samples were taken for determination of serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 immediately before induction of anesthesia(T1,baseline),at 2 h of operation (T2),immediately after the end of operation (T3) and 24 h after operation (T4).The parameters of anaesthesia time,hemorrhage volume,urine volume,transfusion volume and the dosage of remifentanil and propofol were recorded during the period of anaesthesia.Results:The VAS score was lower in group F than that in group C at 2 h and 24 h after operation (P＜0.05),but there was no difference at 48 h after operation between the two groups(P＞0.05).The dosages of remifentanil and propofol were lower during anaesthesia in group F than that in group C(P＜0.05).Compared with T1,TNF-α was significantly increased at T2 and T3 in both groups,and the peak value at T2 (P＜0.05).TNF-α was decreased at T2-T4 in group F than that in group C(P＜0.05).Compared with T1,the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased at T2-T4 in both groups,and the peak value at T3(P＜O.05).The value of IL-6 was decreased and the value of IL-10 was increased at T2-T4 in group F than those in group C (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Flurbiprofen was suitable as a preemptive analgesia and could suppress stress reaction of inflammatory in neurosurgery.

Currently ,EphB receptor has been demonstrated as an important factor on the biological be -havior of normal cells .Some studies found that it plays an important role in the regulation of normal cell morpholo -gy,cell adhesion ,migration and angiogenesis .There is a certain relationship between abnormal expression of EphB receptor with a variety of tumor development .Visiblely,EphB receptor is important research direction in cancer studies,understanding the relationship between EphB receptor and tumor can better realize the progress of the tumor,and further to provide more scientific basis for cancer treatment and prevention .