High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was used to high performance separate and prepare lignans from Schisandrae chinensis fructus. The solvent system is composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (9 : 1 : 5 : 5) and n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (9 : 1 : 9 : 5), speed is at 900 r.min-1, and flow rate is at 2.0 mL.min-1. Five fractions from Schisandrae chinensis fructus extract were separated and prepared with one HSCCC process. They were identified as schisandrin, gomisin J, schisandrol B, schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin by electrospray ionization-multiple tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn), respectively. Their contents were obtained in 98.74%, 94.32%, 99.53%, 94.23% and 98.68% by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), separately. The rapid and simple method can be applied for the preparation of lignans from Schisandrae chinensis fructus.
Countercurrent Distribution ; Cyclooctanes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Dioxoles ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polycyclic Compounds ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the regulations of Bax , Bcl-2 in the protection of lipoic acid-niacin diad in acrolein-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Methods The ARPE-19 cells were cultured in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum , at 37 ℃ with 5% CO2. The ARPE-19 was transferred to 6-well plate after reaching to 70% confluence. After starvation for 24 h , the cells in 6-well plates were divided into three groups , including the blank control group , the acrolein treatment group with 50 μmol/L acrolein for 24 h , and the protection group with 100 μmol/L lipoic acid-niacin diad for 24 h and with the acrolein for another 24 h. The apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry assay , and expressions of Bcl-2 , Bax protein were detected by Western Blot assay. Results The percentages of normal healthy cells were 94.8%, 60.98%, and 91.34% in the blank control group , 50 μmol/L acrolein group and 100 μmol/L diad contained of lipoic acid and niacin group , respectively. The ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression were 0.293 9, 1.389 2, and 0.555 8 in the blank control group, 50 μmol/L acrolein group and 100 μmol/L diad contained of lipoic acid and niacin group, respectively. Conclusion The protective effect of lipoic acid-niacin diad on acrolein-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cell through promoting Bcl-2 expression and inhibiting Bax expression.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Vaccinium uliginosum L., (VU) on the electroretinogram (ERG) and retinal pathological changes in rabbits after light-induced damage.

METHODSTwenty-eight Chinchilla rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: administration beforehand (A), administration after injury (B), light injury without administration (C), and blank (D) groups. After a 4-week administration of VU homogenate at 4.8 g/(kg·d) once a day in group A, ERG in groups A, B and C were recorded according to the standards set by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Except for group D, the groups were then exposed to strong light. Just after that, group A stopped receiving VU treatment and group B started to receive it. Then ERGs in all groups were recorded after 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks. Throughout the whole process groups which were not fed with VU were fed with normal saline. Finally, the tissues and structures of all the groups were observed and the thickness of the outer nuclear layers (ONL) was measured.

RESULTS(1) After 4-week feeding with VU, the latency time of ERG in group A became shorter than those in the other groups and the amplitude increased. After being exposed to strong light, the latency time lengthened and amplitude decreased in all the injury groups, but comparing at each time point, the measured values in group A were better than those in group C. With the accumulation of VU, the ERG in group B improved, and finally, all of the detected values became better than those in group C. (2) Retinae in group D were normal in histology and the layers were in order but those in group C became disarranged. The injuries in groups A and B were minor compared with those in group C. The thickness of the ONL in group C was significantly thinner than in the other groups (P=0.000), and that in groups A and B was thicker than that in group C, although thinner than in group D. That in group A was thicker than in group B.

CONCLUSIONSVU can relieve the injury to rabbit retinae exposed to normal day and night rhythm, alleviate the harm caused by light when used beforehand, and repair the light damage to the retina.

Animals ; Electroretinography ; Light ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Retina ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; radiation effects ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Time Factors ; Vaccinium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo analyze the urinary cadmium, blood cadmium and urinary beta2-MG of workers in a zinc powder processing plant before and after the cadmium dust control, and to explore the effects of dust control on the prevention and treatment of cadmium hazards.

METHODSThe on-site occupational hazard survey was used to investigate the changes of urine cadmium, blood cadmium and beta3-MG of 84 workers exposed to cadmium before and after the treatment by self-control analysis for evaluating the effects of dust control measures in a zinc powder processing plant.

RESULTSAfter treatment of the cadmium dust, the geometric mean of zinc dust in the workplace significantly decreased from 3.38 mg/m3 to 2.22 mg/m3 (P < 0.01). The geometric mean concentration of blood cadmium [(2.19 +/- 1.19) microg/L] and urine cadmium [(1.96 +/- 0.74) microg/g Cr] before treatment were significantly higher than those of one year [(1.63 +/- 0.83) microg/L] and [(1.25 +/- 0.83) microg/g Cr] and two years [(1.36 +/- 0.95) microg/L] and [(0.94 +/- 0.72) microg/g Cr] after the cadmium dust control (P < 0.01), respectively. The positive correlations analysis between urine cadmium and blood cadmium concentration of one and two years before and after the cadmium dust treatment implied that there was significant difference (r = 0.466, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDust treatment could reduce the impact of low concentration cadmium on the urine cadmium and blood cadmium concentrations of the workers exposed to cadmium, and effectively prevent the cadmium poisoning.

Adult ; Cadmium ; blood ; urine ; Dust ; prevention & control ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the health status of workers exposed to Cd at low concentration.

METHODSOne hundred eighteen workers of zinc powder finishing and 34 staffs were served as the exposure group and control group, respectively. The physical examination, blood cadmium, urinary cadmium, blood lead, urinary 32-microglobin, urine creatine, chest film, pulmonary function , pure tone teat and were detected for all subjects.

RESULTSTwelve air samples from 6 monitoring points in workshop were detected, the air Cd concentrations were 0.002-0.015 mg/m³, which were under the national limit of occupational exposure. In exposure group, the rates of exceeding standards of blood Cd and urinary Cd were 65.25% and 38.16%, respectively, the rate of exceeding standards of urinary Cd for two times was 27.12%, the rate of exceeding standard of urine Cd for two times plus the positive urinary 32-microglobin was 2.54 %. In control group, the rates of exceeding national standard of blood Cd was 26.47 %, but the values of urinary Cd were normal. In exposure group, the rate of exceeding standards of urinary Cd increased with the service length. Smoking could enhance the rates of exceeding standards of blood Cd and urinary Cd.

CONCLUSIONIn zinc powder finishing, the low-concentration cadmium exposure could cause the occupational cadmium poisoning, the comprehensive protection measures can reduce the occupational cadmium poisoning. It is suggested that the limits of occupational exposure to cadmium should be declined.

Adult ; Cadmium ; blood ; urine ; Cadmium Poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Workplace ; Young Adult ; Zinc ; analysis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rules of lymphatic metastasis of rectal carcinoma, and to help clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in the 979 patients with rectal carcinoma who underwent surgical resection from 1995 to 2004. The associations between lymphatic metastasis and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated by Chi-squared test and logistic regression. RESULTS: The rate of lymph node metstasis was 71.4% for patients younger than 30 years old, 40.7% in the patients with tumor diameters over 6 centimeters, 82.5% in the patients with extraneous tumor invasion, 71.6% for patients of poor-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 70.4% for patients with mucoid adenocarcinoma, 100% for patients with signet-ring cell carcinoma and 46.4% for patients with more than half intestinal circumference invasion. Logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of lymphatic metastasis was related to the differentiating degrees, depths of tumor invasion and intestinal circumference invasion, and the differentiating degree was the major factor. CONCLUSION The lymphatic metastasis of rectal carcinoma is related to age, tumor size, intestinal circumference invasion, depth of tumor invasion and the differentiating degree of the tumor; the differentiating degree is the major factor.
Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies

It is a common understanding that turbidity and precipitation of traditional Chinese medicine are easy to occur in the process of decocting. At present, our research group found that the cause of "multi-phase of traditional Chinese medicine decoction" mainly came from the interaction between the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, especially the interaction of acid and base components. For example, the Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis was a supramolecular system formed by a large number of active components in the decoction (>30%), and could stably exist in the decoction system. In this study, the supramolecular part was extracted, and the morphology of the supramolecular part was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. It was observed that the supramolecular particles were uniform in size and regular in shape. The main components of supramolecular sites were identified by liquid mass spectrometry (LC-MSⁿ). The results of UV and IR spectra showed that the chemical components of Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis in the co-decocting process collided with each other, and weak bonds were formed between the functional groups of the molecules, which then induced the aggregation to form supramolecules. Thereafter, Through the diarrhea model of mice, sensory evaluation and antibacterial activity evaluation found that Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis decocted together enhanced the antibacterial activity of Rhizoma, and compatibility "reconcile" Rhizoma "big bitter cold" property compared with single decoction group and interval administration group. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and the relevant regulations of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine on experimental animals were strictly followed. In this study, supramolecular chemistry method was used to preliminarily discuss the scientific connotation of "increasing efficiency and decreasing toxicity" of Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis combined decoction from three perspectives of "property, efficacy and taste", and provide new ideas for the basic research of "reconcile" compatibility of Liquorice.

OBJECTIVE: To observe postoperative analgesia and preemptive analgesia of Tramadol hydrochloride sustained release tablets for nasal endoscopic operation. METHOD: A total of 188 patients undergoing nasal endoscopic operation were randomized into the experimental group and control group, with 94 patients in each group. Each patient in experimental group was gaved on Tramadol hydrochloride sustained release tablets at 12h, 24h, 48h, postoperation and before the cleaning up procession respectively, the control group was not administered. VAS scores were observed at 12, 24, and 48 hours after operation. The discomfort reaction during postoperation and cleaning up procession such as insomnia, impatien, nervous, frightening, syncope and shock were also observed and recorded. RESULT: Visuala analogue scale scores of the experimental groups after 12, 24 hours and 48h were significantly lower than the control group. The discomfort reaction appear more frequently in control group. CONCLUSION Tramadol hydrochloride sustained release tablets effectively relieves postoperative pain of nasal endoscopic operation. It can also decrease the discomfort reaction during postoperation and cleaning up procession and facilitate recovering of patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; drug therapy ; Postoperative Period ; Tramadol ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

AIM:To observe the expression of Snail1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in NRK-52E cells induced by high glucose,and to investigate the relationship of Snail1 and IGF-1 in the mechanism of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD).METHODS:The NRK-52E cells were treated with Snail1 siRNA and IGF-1 siRNA after cultured with high glucose medium for 72 h,and divided into control group,high glucose group,non-targeting (NT) siRNA group,Snail1 RNAi group and IGF-1 RNAi group.The cells were harvested at 48 h and 72 h.Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Snail1,IGF-1,E-cadherin and fibronectin (FN),and the protein levels were determined by immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the expression of E-cadherin at mRNA and protein levels declined after stimulation with high glucose (P ＜ 0.01),while that of FN was elevated (P ＜0.01).Meanwhile,the mRNA and protein levels of Snail1 and IGF-1 were markedly increased (P ＜0.01).The expression of E-cadherin at mRNA and protein levels was improved in Snail1 RNAi group as compared with high glucose group (P ＜ 0.01),while that of FN,IGF-l and Snail1 was significantly down-regulated (P ＜ 0.01).The same changes were observed in IGF-1 RNAi group (P ＜0.01).The protein expression of each factor in NT group had no significant change as compared with high glucose group (P ＞ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a close positive relationship between the expression of Snail1 and IGF-1 protein (r =0.852,P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION:Snail1 may facilitate DKD development by regulating IGF-1 in the process of EMT.