?Retinoblastoma is a common eye malignant tumor which has high degree of malignancy.The traditional treatment methods are destructive, and the prognosis is poor. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1αhighly express in retinoblastoma and regulate the development and progression of retinoblastoma ( by influencing the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells and involving in the generation of vascular mimicry ) . This article reviewed the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1αin the development of retinoblastoma which will initiate a new avenue for the treatment of retinoblastoma.

Objective:To compare the extent and time course of alveolar bone loss and osteoclast activation in two murine models of periodontal disease:molar ligation and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) oral inoculation.Methods:A split-mouth design was applied to two groups of mice (C57BL6,6-8 weeks old,n =24 in both groups),resulting in four treatment groups:(1) Control group:unligated upper right 2nd molars receiving CMC only,(2)Ligature group:ligation of a 9-0 suture around the upper left 2nd molar,(3) P.gingivalis group:unligated upper right 2nd molar receiving P.gingivalis challenge only,(4)Ligature ± P.gingivalis group:ligation of the upper left 2nd molar in combination with oral inoculation with 109 colony-forming units(CFU) P.gingivalis.Alveolar bone loss was measured as the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) distance.In the study,48 C57BL6 mice were designed and treated as described above,and osteoclasts were counted on histological sections following tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and counts were normalized to alveolar bone surface distance.Then 36 C57BL6 mice were investigated,of which 30 were ligated a 940 silk ligature around the 2nd molar in the left maxillary quadrant and 6 were not ligated.After ligation for 1 week,the ligatures in 12 mice were taken off for either 1 week or 2 weeks.The CEJ-ABC distance of the 6 mice without ligation was baseline.The CEJ-ABC distances were measured and analyzed.The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA.Results:Molar ligation induced marked alveolar bone loss after 3,6,9 and 12 weeks [(0.16 ±0.04) mm,(0.16 ±0.02) mm,(0.18 ±0.03) mm,(0.17 ±0.02) mm],vs.corresponding controls [(0.09 ± 0.03) mm,(0.10 ± 0.01) mm,(0.12 ± 0.04) mm,(0.12 ± 0.01) mm] andP.gingivalisgroup [(0.09±0.03)mm、(0.12±0.01)mm,(0.12±0.02)mm,(0.10± 0.01) mm],P ＜ 0.05.Combined treatment with molar ligation and P.gingivalis did not further increase the CEJ-ABC distance.Evidence for osteoclast activation was found one day after molar ligation,and TRAP-positive cell numbers peaked on day 3 (12 ±4 vs.control 2 ±2,P ＜0.01).After taking off ligature following ligation for 2 weeks,it showed significantly regrowth of alveolar bone compared with that before removal of the ligature on day 7 [(0.07 ±0.02) mm vs.(0.13 ± 0.01) mm,P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion:Molar ligation is a rapid and effective way to induce periodontal bone loss in mice.Osteoclast activation occurs within 24 hours of ligature placement,and the extent of bone loss well exceeds that of the P.gingivalis-induced bone loss.Removing ligature after periodontal disease might help bone regeneration by regrowth of the alveolar bone.

A cerebral arteriovenous malformation is a congenital disorder characterised by an abnormal connection between the arteries and the veins in the brain. It causes intracranial bleeding, seizures, severe headache, and progressive neurological deficits. The therapeutic strategies were usually established on the basis of clinical experiences due to lack of ideal models of arteriovenous malformation in the past .In order to further increase the success rate of surgery and decrease complications, this article reviews the advances in establishment and application of animal models of cerebral arteriovenous malformation in recent years.

Objective To investigate curative effect in children with bronchial asthma by two treatment methods. Methods 100 children with bronchial asthma,according to the different treatment were divided into treatment group 50 cases and control group(50 cases). The first seconds vital capacity(FEV1),peak expiratory flow (PEF) ,vital capacity 25% of the instantaneous velocity (V75), vital capacity 50% of the instantaneous velocity (V50) ,vital capacity 75% of the instantaneous velocity(V25) and their percentage the percentage of predicted value were observed. Results Total effective of 43 cases(86.0%) in treatment group after treatment 4 weeks were higher than that in control group of 28 cases (56. 5 %) (x~2 = 3. 987, P ＜ 0.05); The percentage of FEV1 and PEF in two groups after treatment 12 weeks were significantly higher than that before treatment(x~2 = 4. 01,4. 21,4. 31,4. 08, all P ＜ 0.05), but it between the two groups was not statistically significant (x~2 = 2. 31,2. 41, all P ＞ 0.05); The pulmonary function of V75 、V50、V25 in two groups after treatment 12 weeks reached projected value of more than 90% ;The pulmonary function of V75 、V50、V25 after treatment compared with those before treatment were improved significantly (x~2 =4.285,4.234,4.311,4.278,all P＜0.05). Conclusion The curative effect of bronchial asthma were confirmed in two methods,but treatment group were better than the control group.

Objective To evaluate the effect of oral tramadol controlled release tablets premedication on the efficacy of anesthesia with target-controlled infusion (TCI)of propofol and remifentanil for painless colonoscopy in elderly patients.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged≥ 65 yr,undergoing painless colonoscopy,were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =30 each): control group (group C) and tramadol group(group T).In group T tramadol controlled-release tablet 100 mg was administered orally at 2 h before operation.Anesthesia was induced and maintained with TCI of propofol and remifentanil.SP,DP,HR and SpO2 were recorded before induction,at the time to reach the ileocecal valve and at the end of operation.The induction time,duration of operation,emergence time,recovery time,adverse events and the amount of propofol and remifentanil consumed were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in hemodynamics parameters,induction time,duration of operation,emergence time,recovery time,adverse events and the amount of propofol and remifentanil consumed between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Oral tramadol controlled release tablets 100 mg premedication can be safely used in painless colonoscopy in elderly patients,however,tramadol can not enhance the efficacy of anesthesia with TCI of propofol and remifentanil.

Objective To analyze the second time blood screening results of ALT deferred donors,and to evaluate the importance of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) testing on the improvement of blood safety.Methods The ALT testing results of 565 360 blood donors from Feb.2006 to Jan.2008 of Shanghai Blood Center were studied retrospectively.The screening results and donation intervals of such donors who delayed their donation just because of their former unqualified ALT level were also analyzed.Results A total of 32 042 donors(5.67%) failed in ALT testing among 565 360 donors.And 3 395 ALT deferred donors participated the second time blood donation,among which 2 205(64.95%) passed the blood screening tests,while the other 1 190(35.05%) failed.Among the 1 190 unqualified blood donors,1 151(33.90%)failed again in ALT testing,and 11(0.32%) in Syphilis,12(0.35%) in HBsAg,7(0.21%) in anti-HCV and 1 in anit-HIV(0.03%).Meanwhile,donors failed both in ALT testing combined with HBsAg,anti-HCV,and anit-HIV sero-converted were 1(0.03%),2(0.06%) and 1(0.03%),respectively.And 72.64% of ALT deferred donors participated the second time blood donation within 6 months.The average donation intervals of donors with qualified ALT level but sero-converted were 140 days(from 24 to 267 days),and those with both unqualified ALT level and sero-converted were 158 days(from 91 to 220 days).Conclusion Before the new methods such as NAT were applied to blood donation screening system,ALT test could prevent the window-period failure of ELISA screening so as to improve the blood safety.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Myocardium

Adult ; Aged ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; methods ; Dental Implantation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Middle Aged

Objective To explore the relationship between oxidative stress inducing neuronal apoptosis and the protein expressions of c-Myc, Fas-FasL and nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) in neurons. Methods The primarily cultured neurons of SD rat in vitro were divided into 5 groups: Group A (control), Group B (treated with hypoxia), Group C (treated with small dose of H 2O 2), Group D (treated with hypoxia and SOD) and Group E (treated with H 2O 2 and SOD). Then, the neuronal apoptosis was elevated with TUNEL,Gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The protein expressions of c-Myc, Fas-FasL and NF-?B were detected with immunohistochemistry. Results Apoptosis rates of the Groups B and C were 6 and 8 times than that of the Group A respectively ( P

Objective To investigate drug metabolism distribution of flurbiprofen axetil(FA) in uterine fibroids and its effect on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).Methods A total of 86 patients with uterine fibroids from January 2014 to February 2016 in The NO.2 Hospital of Ningbo were randomly divided into control group of 44 cases and observation group of 42 cases.The control group and the observation group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution and 1 mg/kg FA at 15 min before operation,detection of the active metabolite of FA flurbiprofen (FP),and the concentration of PGE2 in tissue homogenate was detected by ELISA.Results The observation group FP concentration of normal and tumor tissue were (0.70 ±0.13)μg/mL and (1.72 ± 0.13)μg/mL,significantly higher than the control group(0.00 ±0.00)μg/mL and (0.00 ±0.00)μg/mL, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), the FP concentration of tumor tissue in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the normal group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), the normal tissue and tumor tissue PGE2 concentration in the observation group were (189.29 ±26.38) pg/mL and (260.01 ±46.63) pg/mL,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(210.03 ±35.22)pg/mLand(390.20 ±92.10)pg/mL, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), the observation group plasma FP was (5.50 ±0.72)μg/mL,significantly higher than the control group (0.00 ±0.00)μg/mL, the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05),and PGE2 was (602.38 ±84.09) pg/mL,significantly lower than the control group(920.13 ±89.05)pg/mL, the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion FA in the uterine fibroids have a certain distribution of targeted,can reduce the concentration of PGE2 ,so as to alleviate the pain of patients.