Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of the technique of step-by-step in situ rod bending used in posterior internal fixation of lumbar burst fractures.Methods A retrospective case control analysis was conducted on 76 cases of lumbar burst fractures hospitalized between March 2007 and March 2014.There were 48 males and 28 females,with a mean age of 40.4 years (range,18-57 years).Fractured segments included L1 in 32 cases,L2 in 24,L3 in 14 and L4 in 6.According to the different rod bending methods,the subjects were divided into preliminary rod bending group (34 cases) and in suit rod bending group (42 cases).Operation time,amount of bleeding during and after operation,restoration of anterior vertebral height and Cobb angle,and visual analogue score (VAS) were compared between groups.Results Seventy patients were followed up for 12-36 months (mean,20.9 months).One patient in preliminary rod bending group presented internal fixation loosening,and had implant removal 9 months after operation.No implant breakage occurred.Comparison of preliminary rod bending group and in situ rod bending group showed significant differences in operation time [(88.1 ± 16.0)min vs.(79.9 ± 14.7)min],amount of bleeding during operation [(88.3 ± 21.2) ml vs.(74.0 ± 12.5) ml],amount of bleeding after operation [(71.5 ± 17.3)ml vs.(62.1 ± 16.0) ml],restoration of anterior vertebral height [(74.1 ±7.8) ％ vs.(79.5 ± 8.5) ％],and restoration of Cobb angle [(10.2 ± 2.7) °vs.(8.8 ± 2.6) °] (P ＜0.01 or 0.05).VAS presented no significant differences between preliminary rod bending group and in situ rod bending group before operation [(7.5 ± 0.9) points vs.(7.2 ± 1.0)points] and 1 week after operation [(2.9 ± 0.7) points vs.(3.0 ± 0.7) points] (P ＞ 0.05),while there was significant difference 9 months after operation [2.2±0.7)points vs.(1.9 ±0.7)points] (P＜0.01).Conclusion In suit rod bending for lumbar burst fractures has advantages over preliminary rod bending in terms of operation time,blood loss,precise restoration and back pain.

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical outcomes of bilateral transpedicular balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of ordinary osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture (OVCF) and severe osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture.

METHODSFrom Junary 2009 to Febuary 2011, 60 patients (70 vertebrae) with osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture were included. All patients were treated by bilateral transpedicular balloon kyphoplasty combined with postural reduction, including 10 males and 50 females aged from 59 to 90 years old with an average of 72.1 years old. In ordinary osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture group, there were 38 patients (44 vertebrae) including 7 males and 31 females aged from 59 to 87 years old with an average of (71.8±6.1) years old. There were 6 patients with two vertebral fractures, 1 vertebra in T9, 5 vertebrae in T10, 7 vertebrae in T11, 13 vertebrae in T12, 9 vertebrae in L1, 4 vertebrae in L2, 4 vertebrae in L3, 1 vertebra in L4. While in severe osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture group, there were 22 patients (26 vertebrae) including 3 males and 19 females aged from 63 to 90 years old with an average of (72.6±7.2) years old. There were 4 patients with two vertebral fractures, 1 vertebra in T9, 2 vertebrae in T10, 3 vertebrae in T11, 9 vertebrae in T12, 6 vertebrae in L1, 3 vertebrae in L2, 2 vertebrae in L3. Operative time, volume of bone cement injection, and vertebral height and changes of Cobb angle before and after operation were observed and compared. Postoperative average recovery rate of vertebral height and correct degree of Cobb angle were caculated and compared, VAS scoring were used to evaluate therapeutic effect.

RESULTSAll operations were completed sucessfully, and pain were relieved at 72 h after operation. All patients were followed up from 6 to 13 months with an average of 10.1 months. Postoperative vertebral height, Cobb angle and VAS score were improved better than that of before operation (P<0.05). Operative time in ordinary group was shorter than severe group, while volume of bone cement injection was more than that of severe group. Average recovery rate of vertebral height and correct degree of Cobb angle in ordinarty group was better than that of in severe group (P<0.05). There was no significant differences between two groups in VAS scores before and after operation (P> 0.05). Three cases (3 vertebrae) ocurred bone cement leakage in ordinarty group, while 5 cases (5 vertebrae) ocurred bone cement leakage in severe group, and there was no meaning between two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONKyphoplasty could receive satisfied curative effect in treating ordinary and servere patients with osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture, but recovery of vertebral height and correct degree of Cobb angle in ordinary gourp was better than that of in servere group.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; surgery ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery

Objective To investigate anterior migration of spinal cord after anterior cervical decompression and reconstruction for cervical spondylosis and its mechanism.Methods Eighty-one patients with cervical spondylosis who underwent anterior decompression and reconstruction were reviewed and evaluated retrospectively.There were 44 males and 37 females,with an average age of 52.3 years (range,37-72 years).The distance from anterior margin of the spinal cord to posterior wall of the spinal canal (Da),and medium of the spinal cord to posterior wall of the spinal canal (Dm) in magnetic resonance imaging were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.The recovery rate was calculated comparing the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores before and after operation.Results The average following up was 20.7 months (9-48 months).According to the measure on MRI,preoperative Da and Dm were 11.11±1.59 mm and 6.30±0.84 mm respectively,which were significant different from postoperative Da 11.63±-1.47 mm and Dm 6.62±0.80 mm.The postoperative Da and Dm at C3-4,C4-5,C5-6,C6-7 levels had statistically significant differences compared to preoperative Da and Dm,except for ones at C2-3 level.The significant migration rate was 43.2％(35/81),which reached △Da ＞2 mm or △Dm ＞1.3 mm.Preoperative cervical curvature index (CCI) was 10.0％±6.3％,which was significant different from postoperative CCI 13.5％±6.5％.JOA score increased from 9.7±1.5 preoperatively to 13.7±1.1 at one week postoperatively,and 13.9±1.3 at 6 months postoperatively.But the JOA score decreased at 6 months postoperatively compared with that at 1 week postoperatively in 15 cases.Among them,14 cases got the standard of spinal cord migration based on MRI measurement.No other severe complications were found in these 81 cases.Conclusion Anterior migration of the spinal cord commonly occurred after cervical decompression and reconstruction via anterior approach,and some patients might suffer from the secondary compression of the cervical spinal cord.

Objective To explore the effect of early stage of comprehensive lung rehabilitation on cervical spinal cord injury in patients with mechanical ventilation.Methods The patients with cervical spinal cord injury admitted from January to December 2015 were selected as the control group which was treated with routine nursing measures.The patients with cervical spinal cord injury admitted from January to December 2016 were selected as the treatment group,which received early stage lung rehabilitation measures.We compared two groups of patients in the using time of breathing machine,the total length of hospital stay and pulmonary infection rate.Results The duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization days in the control group were(13.98±11.11),(25.10±16.98)d,which were higher than those in treatment group[(7.23±4.94),(16.26±6.41)d](P<0.05).The infection rates of control group and treatment group were 76.19％and 52.38％respectively,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion In the early stages comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation measures for mechanical ventilation in patients with cervical spinal injury can shorten the breathing machine use time and the total hospitalization days,and reduce pulmonary infection rate.

BACKGROUND: Navigation systems all can improve the accuracy rate in cervical pedicle screw insertion, but cannot achieve desired outcomes because of some shortcomings, such as poor imaging quality, complicated operation, poor real-time performance, and invasive navigation.OBJECTIVE: To study the accuracy of X-ray fluoroscopy and CT three-dimensional image navigation in cervical pedicle screw insertion.METHODS: Totally 90 patients undergoing cervical pedicle screw insertion from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College were enrolled, and randomly divided into control and experimental groups (n=45 per group). 132 cervical pedicle screws were inserted into the patients in the control group manually under X-ray fluoroscopy, and 128 ones were inserted into the patients in the experimental group assisted with CT three-dimensional image navigation. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in the two groups were recorded. Postoperative CT three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to compare the placement accuracy between two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The excellent and good rate of placement in the experimental group (95.3%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (88.6%, P < 0.05). (2) The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the navigation matching time and radiant quantity in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The Japanese Orthopedic Association scores showed no significant difference between two groups before surgery (P > 0.05),and were significantly improved in the experimental group compared with the control group at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (7% versus 16%, P < 0.05). (5) These results suggest that compared with X-ray fluoroscopy, CT three-dimensional image navigation can improve the accuracy of cervical pedicle screw insertion, showing higher safety and precision. However, it needs complicated operation skills, and long operation time results in massive intraoperative blood loss; thereafter, choosing which placement method depends on the patient condition.

Objective To study the anatomic features of surface vasa vasorum on longissimus in thoracolumbar segments,and its protection function during the internal fixation for thoracolumbar fracture via Wiltse approach.Methods From March 2010 to October 2012,a total of 97 patients with thoracolumbar fractures underwent posterior internal fixation with pedicle screw system.The trend and distribution of surface vasa vasorum on longissimus in thoracolumbar segments were observed in the operation,and the vessels were protected during the surgical procedures by using specific devices and techniques.Operative time and intra-operative blood loss were recorded.Visual analogue scale (VAS) values were evaluated after 3 days,1 month,6 months postoperatively,and 1 month after the removal of internal fixation.MRI images of longissimus in thoracolumbar segments were compared after preoperative and postoperative 6 months.Results Surface vasa vasorum distribution on 194 longissimus and 402 inter-pedicle areas of 97 patients were observed.In 402 areas,94.3％ of surface vasa vasorum presented sarciniform,while only 5.7％ of surface vasa vasorum presented tube shape.In 379 areas of sarciniform distribution,9.8％ of blood vessel bundles were located in vertebral pedicle area;76.0％ of blood vessel bundles were located in the upper inter-pedicle areas;12.4％ of blood vessel bundles were located in middle inter-pedicle areas;1.8％ of blood vessel bundles were located in lower inter-pedicle areas.In 379 areas,87.3％ of blood vessel bundles could be completely retained;12.7％ of blood vessel bundles were treated by electro coagulation and burning.Intra-operative blood loss was 21±9.3 ml.VAS values after 3 days,1 month,6 months postoperatively,and 1 month after the removal of internal fixation were 3.3± 1.6,2.1± 1.4,1.2±0.7 and 1.1±0.7.The longissimus treated with electro coagulation demonstrated pimelosis change on MRI after postoperative 6 months.Conclusion Surface vasa vasorum on longissimus in thoracolumbar segments are generally of sarciniform,and most of them are located in upper inter-pedicle areas.The protection of vasa vasorum can reduce the intra-operative lesion and postoperative pimelosis change of longissimus.

Objective To study the effect of precise locating technique of C?arm fluoroscopy in order to reduce the radia?tion exposure during the surgical procdure for thoracolumbar fracture. Methods From March 2010 to Octorber 2012, a total of 92 cases with thoracolumbar fracture underwent postierior internal fixation procdures with pedicle instrumentation. C?arm fluoros?copy was used in 44 cases with precise locating technique, while in 48 cases with traditional methods. In precise locating group,C?arm fluoroscopy was used after anesthesia. Once an ideal view was got, the position parameters of C?arm fluoroscopy machine were recorded. The machine was positioned according to the recording for the secondary fluoroscopy. Pre?operative and intra?operative number of times of exposure, length of exposure time, time for fluoroscopy and total operating time were recorded and compared be?tween two groups. Results Pre?operative number of times of exposure, exposure time, and time for fluoroscopy in precise locating group were (5.51±2.47), (2.26±1.05) s and (9.83±3.67) min,which were higher than those of (4.02±2.42), (1.78±0.98) s and (8.29± 3.52) min in traditional group. However, intra?operative number of times of exposure, exposure time, and time for fluoroscopy in precise locating group were (5.26±3.64), (2.24±1.24) s and (10.39±4.82) min,which were lower than those of (9.74±4.38), (4.21± 2.38) s and (24.69±6.35) min in traditional group,and total number of times of exposure, exposure time, time for fluoroscopy and total operating time in precise locating group were(10.77±4.16), (4.50±1.83) s, (20.22±5.03) min and(70.52±18.33)min,which were also lower than those of (13.76±5.31), (5.99±3.27) s , (32.98±7.83) min and(81.86±21.57)min in traditional group. Conclu?sion Precise locating technique of C?arm fluoroscopy reduces the radiation exposure during the surgical procdure for thoracolum?bar fracture.

Objective To evaluate the value of echocardiography method for diagnosis of the downward displacement of the posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve with apical right heart two chamber view (AP-RH-2CV). Methods Rotating the probe clockwise from apical four chamber view(AP-4CV) to AP-RH-2CV at the septial and posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve, the shape, moving and position of the posterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve were observed by displaying the degree of downward displacement of the septial and posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve. The location of the orifice of tricuspid regurgitation was examined by color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI). Results In 15 patients with Ebstein's anomaly from the AP-RH-2CV, the downward displacement of posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve was clearly observed at the AP-RH-2CV. These results of echocardiography were confirmed by surgery except one ease missing out mild downward displacement of the anterior leaflet of tricuspid valve. Moreover, all 15 patients showed the obvious downward displacement of the location of the orifice of tricuspid regurgitation from AP-RH-2CV by CDFI. Conclusions The AP-RH-2CV is an ideal view in diagnosis of the downward displacement of the posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve by echocardiography. The downward displacement of the location of the orifice of tricuspid regurgitation is a critical character for diagnosis of the downward displacement of the posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve by CDFI.

Forensic Psychiatry ; Homicide ; Humans

The copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic animals is always regarded as an important information of transgenic animals.Thus,simple and sensitive methods are required for the detection of the copy numbers of exogenous gene.Three kinds of transgenic Shanbei white cashmere goats,containing Tβ4-GFP,FGF5s-GFP and VEGF164-GFP,has been obtained by using PiggyBac(PB) transposon system.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was carried out to detect the copy numbers of copGFP.Using Gluc as reference gene,the double standard curves of exogenous gene and reference gene were mapped and the genomic DNA of transgenic goats were analysized by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Moreover,the copGFP/Gluc ratio in the samples was calculated as the copy numbers of copGFP.In addition,Tβ4-GFP transgenic cashmere goats were selected to detect the integration sites by using the genomic walking kit.The results showed that the standard curve equation of copGFP was y=-3.230 6x+39.216 (R2 =0.998 8) and the standard curve equation of Gluc was y=-3.564 8x+38.440 (R2 =0.996 0).The copy numbers of exogenous gene in the transgenic cashmere goats were obtained and the numbers of integration sites in the selected Tβ4-GFP transgenic goats were consistent with the copy numbers of copGFP.As a conclusion,the high throughput,fast and sensitive real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR is an efficient and convenient method for the copy number of exogenous gene in transgenic cashmere goats.