BACKGROUND: "Public Health Report in 2000" shows that various indexes of body shape of the national infants increase with their age; Urban infants exceed rural even-aged ones in the body height, body mass and chest circumference; Urban infants also exceed rural even-aged ones in the mean increase of development of body shape at each index. Urban-rural disparity still exists.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the body shape of 3- to 6-year-old infants of Heibei province, and analyze the differences in body shape at different age stages between urban and rural infants.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.SETTING: Hebei Provincial Party School.PARTICIPANTS: Body-shape investigation was performed in 1 600 healthy 3- to 6-year-old urban and rural infants from Shijiazhuang,Cangzhou and Chengde in July 2000 with clustering stratified random sampling. Informed consents were obtained from the guardians of the infants.METHODS: By referring to related results, the body length and body mass at born of infants were investigated through questionnaire-style according to the performance criteria of "Public Health Monitoring Working Manual in 2000" formulated by general administration of sport of China.To be measured shape indexes included body height, body mass, sitting height, chest circumstance, skinfold thickness at upper buttocks, shoulder blade and abdomen, t test was used for the comparison of difference of measurement data.RESULTS: Totally 1 600 questionnaires were handed out, and all of them were completely and exactly filled in and retrieved. 800 were male and 800 were female; 800 were urban infants and 800 were rural infants. ① The body height and body mass of 3- to 6-year-old infants at born: Four year-old male infants were shorter than other age-stage infants at born. Six-year-old male infants were the longest, and the increased amplitude was the largest and the increased speed was the fastest. The body height of female infants developed in wave-tendency from born, decreased at 5 years old and rebounded at 6 years old. The body mass of male infants developed in wave-tendency, and decreased fastest in the largest amplitude at 6 years old. The body mass of female infants developed in year-by-year decreasing tendency. The increased amplitude and speed of the body mass of the female infants were the same between at 5 yearn old and at 6 years old. ② The changes in body height and body mass of 3- to 6-year-old infants: The body height and body mass of 3- to 6-year-old infants increased with age.③ Comparison of the measuring index of body shape between urban and rural 3- to 6-year-old infants: The urban male infants significantly exceeded the rural male ones in chest circumstance, skinfold thickness at upper buttocks, shoulder blade and abdomen [(55.22±3.56)vs(54.58±3.43) cm;(9.33±3.20)vs (8.34±2.29) mm;(6.19±2.55)vs (5.18±1.98) mm;(6.64 ±3.30)vs (6.05±2.49) mm, t=2.573, 5.034,2.375, 2.848,P ＜ 0.05-0.01].The body height, body mass and sitting height were close between urban and rural male infants (P ＞ 0.05). ④ Comparison of the measuring index of body shape between urban and rural 3- to 6-year-old female infants: Urban female infants significantly exceeded rural female ones in skinfold thickness at upper buttocks, shoulder blade and abdomen [(10.09±3.32) vs (9.08±2.52) mm, (6.68±2.45) vs (6.16±2.01) mm, (7.62±3.23) vs (6.84 ±3.07) mm, t=4.857, 3.266,3.481 ,P ＜ 0.01].The body height, body mass,sitting height and chest circumstance were close between urban and rural female infants (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ①Male and female infants have the largest increased amplitude and fastest increased speed in the body height between at 3 years old and at 4 years old. Increased amplitude and increased speed develop constantly from 4 years old. ② The body mass of male infants had the largest increased amplitude at 6 years old, but that of female infants at 4 years old. The increased speed of body mass of male infants is higher at 4 years old and 6 years old than at 5 years old, and that of female infants increase with age. ③ Urban male nfants exceed rural male infants in upper body development and in vivo fat content. In vivo fat content of urban female infants is higher than that of rural ones.

BACKGROUND: Officers and intellectuals are bearing heavy government affairs and tasks of teaching and scientific research. It is practically important to acknowledge and master their body constitution, which can help to instruct them to scientifically build their bodies.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the body function and shape as well as body constitution of scientific researchers and officers in Handan, and analyze the existing problems and bring out the settlement.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Hebei Provincial Committee Party School.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 499 subjects, aged 20-59 years, including238 males and 261 females were selected from government officers, university teachers and scientific researchers of institute and aeademy by using stratified and cluster random sampling. Subjects aged 20-39 were divided into adult group A (50.5%), and those with the age ranged 40-59 were taken as adult group B (49.5%).METHODS: All subjects fulfilled the questionnaire (including whether they had hospitalized history, and the smoking condition, exercise condition, reasons why did not participate in the sports, sports items that patients took part in, the place they conducted athletic activities, time of each exercise and exercise times per week etc.) and were measured of the body constitution.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Indexes of body function and shape,including body height, body mass, chest circumference, waistline, hip circumference and skinfold at all parts of body as well as the pulse in quiet state, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and lung capacity etc. ②Indexes of body constitution, including grasp force,bend-ahead in sitting, stand up on one leg with eyes closed, choice reaction time simple reaction time, back strength, 10 m×4 shuttle run, and pushup (male)/sit-up (female) etc. The results of test were scaled according to the Report of Monitoring of Chinese Adult Constitution, edited by the State Physical Cultural Administration. Those with the score greater than 17 points passed, while those less than 17 points failed.③The relationship between status quo of body constitution and life style.RESULTS: A total of 499 subjects were involved in the analysis of results.①With the age increasing, the body mass in males and females were increased with circumferences being enlarged and subcutaneous fat increased, and the shape was in horizontal development. The body function in females with the age ranged 20-40 were relatively stable, and began to descend at 40. The body function in adult males descended gradually and stably with the descending speed lower than in females. The force, bursting strength of lower limbs, position sense, coordination of sight and proprioceptive sense, speed in motion and response etc. Of adult males were better than males, while the extensibility and tenacity of joint, muscle and tendon were superior in females than in males. All indexes of constitution in males aged 20-40 were better, while the tenacity and speed in motion and response of males older than 40 began to decay rapidly. ②The pass rate in males of adult group A was 87.5% and was 87.3% in females, while that in males of adult group B was 80.2% and was 74.8% in females. ③The pass rate in populations with exercise custom was greatly higher than in those without it, while the proportion of exercise people accounted little in the subjects. It accounted for 40.7% in males of adult group A and for 28.6% in females, and it accounted for 37.3% in males of adult group B, and for 31.6% in females. ④Body constitution in people who never smoke and occasionally smoke were better than in those often smoke. The pass rate in people who had been hospitalized was a little lower. ⑤The pass rate in subjects who exercised three or four times each week was much higher,and it was the highest in subjects exercised 30-60 minutes each time.CONCLUSION: ①The constitution in population older than 40 is significantly worse and worse. ②Sports activities can remarkably promote the body constitution.③Smoking has obvious side effects on body constitution.④It can reinforce the body constitution by doing sports activity for 30-60 minutes and 3 or 4 times each week.

Objective: To develop a real time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system for determining the expression of Dicer mRNA in human hepatoma cell lines and 20 samples of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) tissues. Methods: The specific primers, designed according to the complete sequence of Dicer mRNA, and the fluorescence dye SYBR Green I were used for RT-PCR amplification. The fluorescence was monitored in a real time manner. The expression levels of Dicer mRNA in samples were calculated according to the standard curve and the nonspecific amplifications were excluded by melting curve analysis. The mRNA levels of Dicer were presented as the ratios of Dicer mRNA to 18S rRNA. Results: The linear detection range of this system was from 5 × 102 to 5 × 109 copies/μl and the coefficient of variation values for intra-experimental and inter-experimental reproducibility ranged from 4.13% to 19.72% and from 6.25% to 18.76%, respectively. The expression levels of Dicer mRNA in HBV positive hepatoma cell line HepG2.2.15 or in HBV negative hepatoma cell line HepG2 were significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to those of the normal liver cell line WRL-68; and those in PHC tissues were lower compared to those in the corresponding adjacent tissues of PHC (P<0.05). Conclusion: Real time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR has good sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility in determining Dicer mRNA levels. Determination of Dicer mRNA levels in hepatoma cell lines and PHC tissues lays a good theoretical foundation for further studying the mechanism of PHC.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacies between conventional acupuncture plus acupoint application and conventional acupuncture plus TDP in treating dysmenorrhea due to blood stagnation led by cold.MethodSixty patients were randomized into two groups, 31 cases in the treatment group and 29 cases in the control group. The treatment group was intervened by conventional acupuncture plus acupoint application, while the control group was by conventional acupuncture plus TDP. Before and after the intervention, McGill Pain Questionnaire was adopted to compare the Pain Rating Index (PRI) score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, and Present Pain Index (PPI) score, and the therapeutic efficacy was also compared.ResultThe recovery rate was 58.1% in the treatment group, significantly higher than 24.1% in the control group (P<0.01); the total effective rate was 90.3% in the treatment group, significantly higher than 62.1% in the control group (P<0.01), indicating that the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment group was more significant than that of the control group. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in comparing the PRI, VAS, and PPI scores between the two groups (P>0.05), suggesting the comparability. After the intervention, there were significant differences in comparing the PRI, VAS, and PPI scores between the two groups (P<0.05), and the PRI, VAS, and PPI scores were markedly decreased in the treatment group.ConclusionConventional acupuncture plus acupoint application can improve dysmenorrhea symptoms and reduce patient’s pain, and can produce a more significant efficacy compared with conventional acupuncture plus TDP.

Objective To summarize the experiences of ultrasonic liposuction in 204 cases, and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this technique. Methods The ultrasonic system (SILBERGEE E.U.A. TM ) and the liposuction equipment (HEROULES TM , American) were applied with the tumescent technique in 204 cases. Results Satisfactory rate was 90.69 %. After operation the highest sucked fat quantity was 6 800 ml, and the fewest quantity 250 ml, with an average of 1 907.6 ml for each case. Average volume of sucked fat in each position was 1 005.5 ml, which exceeded that by the traditional method. Advantages of this technique were larger fat quantity, obvious effect, less bleeding and pain, and safety. Disadvantages and complications were rough and uneven surface, accumulation of the liquid, bilateral asymmetry, slow wound healing, subcutaneous ecchymosis and hardening nodule, and even decreased blood pressure. The corresponding processing technique was recommended after liposuction. Conclusion This method is a simple and convenient, safe and reliable technique. It is suggested that multiple times and less portions of liposuction may be of benefit to patients.

Objective: To establish a method for determination of isofraxidin in Xiaoerkaiwei Oral Liquid (Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai, Semen Pharbitidis, etc.) by RP HPLC. Methods: The HPLC system consisted of Symmetry C 18 column(3.9m?150mm, 5?m), methanol water (0.1% formic acid) (30∶70) mixture as a mobile phase, detection wavelength at 342nm, 0.8mL?min -1 of flow rate and column temperature at 30℃.Results: The calibration curves of the isofraxidin were linear ( r =0.9993). The precision were perfect ( RSD =1.87). The samples were stable in 6 h. The average recovery of Xiaoerkaiwei Oral Liquid was 102.4% with RSD of 1.76%.Conclusion: This method is simple, quick and specific, suitable for the quality control.

The bioactivity of a working reference standard was determined by replicate bioassays with calibration against a primary reference standard. In this study the number of bioassay replicates needed for calibration first was calculated theoretically, and if the mean value of the experimental bioassay replicates fell within the predefined bioactivity level the bioactivity of the working reference was defined as 100%. Our results showed that when the total intermediate precision of the bioassay method was at 11.66% and the predefined bioactivity level was set at 95%-105% with a confidence level of 95%, 21 bioassay replicates should be carried out for calibration. The average value of the 22 experimental bioassay replicates was 101.96%, so the bioactivity of the working reference standard was consistent with that of the primary reference standard at 100%. The results suggest that a strategy of first calculating the number of bioassay replicates needed for calibration and then determining whether the resulting experimental mean value is within the predefined bioactivity level will be of value to the biopharmaceutical industry.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of tinnitus in patients with auditory neuropathy spec- trum disorder (ANSD). METHOD: This study recruited 14 ANSD patients with tinnitus. All the ANSD patients un- derwent detailed history taking, audiological examinations and assessments of tinnitus. This study analyzed the correlation of tinnitus status and hearing loss, and discussed the effects of sex, age, and the course of disease on tinnitus in ANSD patients. RESULT: (1) In the ANSD patients, tinnitus often occurred in 3 years after the onset of hearing loss; (2) Tinnitus was highly prevalent in ANSD patients, and the severity of tinnitus was mostly from mild to moderate; (3) There was no obvious correlation between the subjective grading of tinnitus and hearing loss de- gree, and the impact of curve patterns of hearing loss on the level of tinnitus need much more evidence-based proof; (4) Along with the course extension, the impact of tinnitus on the quality of life was much more obvious; (5) Some risk factors such as noise exposure could be the reasons of aggravating the degree of tinnitus. CONCLUSION Tinnitus in ANSD patients has its unique clinical features. The study of Tinnitus in ANSD patients can provide clinical basis for further research in ANSD.
Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Central ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Tinnitus ; complications ; diagnosis

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)-like rats more easily to acquire the alcohol induced conditioned place preference(CPP),and its relationship with dopamine D1 receptor.Methods40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:PTSD + ethanol group ( PE.),control + ethanol group (CE),PTSD + saline group(PS),and control + saline group(CS).All rats of each group were trained for CPP with alternate injections of alcohol ( 2 mg/kg,i.p.) and saline ( 10 ml/kg,i.p.).PE and PS group were subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS) for PTSD model.Four groups were evaluated the performances of freezing behavior and plus maze test after SPS 24 hours and 7 days.And on SPS 7 days four groups were respectively detected D1 dopamine receptor-positive cells number in amygdale by immunohistochemistry.ResultsCompared with control group,freezing time of PTSD group was remarkable longer on 7 days after SPS not 24 hours( (89.13 ±8.60) s vs(22.25± 5.85) s,q =8.77,P ＜ 0.01 ),and number of entry into the open arms and time spent in the open arms of PTSD group were both less than control group on 7 days after SPS not 24 hours( (4.25 ± 1.26) vs ( 14.38 ± 2.18),( 12.38 ± 3.30) s vs (40.38 ± 7.29 ) s,q =4.74 and 4.08,P ＜ 0.01 ).In CPP,the CPP value of post-conditioning only in PE group was obviously higher than that of pre-conditioning ( q=31.81,P＜ 0.01 ).The CPP value of postconditioning in PE group was higher than that of CS group,CE group and PS group( q=-38.32,-22.21,-33.38,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the number of D1 dopamine receptor-positive cells in the amygdale region among four groups (F =0.07,P ＞0.05 ).ConclusionThe PTSD-like rats are easier to acquire the alcohol CPP,which maybe not relate to the changes of the number of D1 dopamine receptor-positive cells in amygdala.

Objective To research the relationship between binocular acuity and monocular acuity,and their effect on the evaluation of visual impairment and disability. Methods 1006 patients, aged between 18 and 60 years, are measured monocular and binocular acuities after the best lens correction. Results Binocular vision is higher than, equal to and less than monocular vision, three accounted for 27.14%, 70.78% and 70.78% respectively. Interocular difference has certain correlation with binocular interactions (χ2=54.939,P<0.05,r=0.228). Thirty-three patients have same binocular acuity but different monocular acuity. Conclusion Binocular acuity associated with the monocular acuity and the better eye vision plays a special role in visual disability evaluation.