Objective: To establish a method for determination of isofraxidin in Xiaoerkaiwei Oral Liquid (Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai, Semen Pharbitidis, etc.) by RP HPLC. Methods: The HPLC system consisted of Symmetry C 18 column(3.9m?150mm, 5?m), methanol water (0.1% formic acid) (30∶70) mixture as a mobile phase, detection wavelength at 342nm, 0.8mL?min -1 of flow rate and column temperature at 30℃.Results: The calibration curves of the isofraxidin were linear ( r =0.9993). The precision were perfect ( RSD =1.87). The samples were stable in 6 h. The average recovery of Xiaoerkaiwei Oral Liquid was 102.4% with RSD of 1.76%.Conclusion: This method is simple, quick and specific, suitable for the quality control.

Arnebia euchroma is the main source for medicinal herb Zicao. and its most important component shikonin compounds have high medicinal and industrial value. This research is aimed to build overexpression vectors and RNAi vectors for key secondary metabolism genes of A. euchroma, and bulid platform for constructions of related transgenic lines using GATEWAY technology. To build genetic material based genetic research platform is to provide a great convenience for digging and functional verification of the genes on secondary metabolic pathway, and also to fill the gaps in transgenic research of A. euchroma. This study is also important for the cultivation of shikonin high-yielding strains of A. euchroma.
Boraginaceae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Secondary Metabolism

Background Although remarkable progress has been made in microsurgery, surgery of intracranial aneurysm still encounters various complications. Cerebral ischemia and postoperative disorders of nervous system could be induced by various specific operation procedures. To improve the outcomes in intracranial aneurysm surgery and to minimize the occurrence of postoperative ischemic complications, it is necessary to perform real-time monitoring on ischemic damages for the corresponding functional areas. To elevate the sensitivity of Eps changes for the detection of cerebral ischemia induced by operation, we monitored Motion Evoked Potential ( MEPs), Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEPs)and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEPs) in microsurgical operations of intracranial aneurysms. And then the correlation between Eps changes and clinical outcome was investigated.Methods MEPs, SSEPs, and BAEPs were recorded intra-operatively for 25 cases in intracranial aneurysms. Monitored results and clinical outcome were analyzed in a prospective observational design.Results The MEPs in 5 of 21 cases, the SSEPs in 5 of 25 cases and the BAEPs in 1 of 3 cases showed inadequate temporary clipping, inadvertent occlusion, inadequate retraction, vasospasm, or compromise to perforating vessels. 3 patients developed advanced weakness, which showed abnormal SSEPs in only one patient while showed abnormal MEPs in all 3 cases.Conclusions The MEPs is more sensitive than SSEPs in monitoring the motor ischemic impairments. The monitoring results were correlated to the clinical outcome closely. Monitoring Eps in keyhole microsurgery of intracranial aneurysms could improve the sensitivity in detecting insufficient distal collateral flow. And then successful completion of potentially hazardous maneuvers would be attained.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation is a double-edged sword to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) including lung injury, and systemic inflammatory response high tidal volumes are thought to increase mortality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of dynamic ventilatory factors on ventilator induced lung injury in a dog model of ARDS induced by hydrochloric acid instillation under volume controlled ventilation and to investigate the relationship between the dynamic factors and ventilator-induced lung injuries (VILI) and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy dogs were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. Subjects in the experimental group were then further divided into four groups by different inspiratory stages of flow. Two mL of alveolar fluid was aspirated for detection of IL-8 and TNF-α. Lung tissue specimens were also extracted for total RNA, IL-8 by western blot and observed under an electronic microscope. RESULTS: IL-8 protein expression was significantly higher in group B than in groups A and D. Although the IL-8 protein expression was decreased in group C compared with group B, the difference was not statistically significant. The TNF-α ray degree of group B was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.01), especially in group C (P>0.05). The alveolar volume of subjects in group B was significantly smaller, and cavity infiltration and cell autolysis were marked with a significant thicker alveolar septa, disorder of interval structures, and blurring of collagenous and elastic fiber structures. A large number of necrotic debris tissue was observed in group B. CONCLUSION: Mechanical ventilation with a large tidal volume, a high inspiratory flow and a high ventilation frequency can cause significant damage to lung tissue structure. It can significantly increase the expression of TNF-α and IL-8 as well as their mRNA expression. Furthermore, the results of our study showed that small tidal ventilation significantly reduces the release of pro-inflammatory media. This finding suggests that greater deterioration in lung injury during ARDS is associated with high inspiratory flow and high ventilation rate.

Adult ; Aged ; Amifostine ; therapeutic use ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; chemically induced ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α) in early lung fibrosis of rats with acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning.

METHODSForty eight healthy SD rats were randomly divided into control group (6 rats) and paraquat poisoning group (42 rats). Control group was exposed to 1 ml normal solution by gastric gavage. The paraquat group was exposed to 1 ml paraquat solution (50 mg/kg) by gastric gavage for 2, 6, 12, 48, 72 and 120 h, respectively. The arterial blood gas analysis (PaO(2)) was detected. The pathological examinations of lung tissues were performed by HE and Mason staining. HIF-1α in lung tissues were measured by immunofluorescence. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of HIF-1α protein in lung tissues.

RESULTSPaO2 of rats exposed to paraquat for 72 h was (62.33 ± 0.22) mm Hg, which was significantly lower than that (96.00 ± 5.20) of control group (P < 0.05). Pathological examination by HE staining indicated that the acute diffuse lesion appeared in the alveolar capillary endothelium, epithelia and interstitial tissues, and there was the inflammatory cell infiltration in the alveolar of rats exposed to paraquat at 2 h after exposure. At 12 h after exposure, the interstitial edema in lung tissues of rats decreased and the alveolar space became narrow. At 120 h after exposure, there were the alveolar structure derangement, abundant cicatrix, more fibroblasts and peripheral inflammation absorption. Pathological examination by Masson staining showed that there was obvious collagen deposition in the alveolar epithelia at 2h after exposure, the increased collagen fibrosis at 24 and 48 h after exposure and the obvious damage of alveolar tissues or much more fibrous connective tissue deposition at 120 h after exposure. The results of western blot and immunofluorescence assays exhibited that the expression levels of HIF-1α in lung tissues at 2, 24 and 48 h after exposure significantly increased, as compared with control group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences of HIF-1α expression among sub-groups at different time points after exposure.

CONCLUSIONThe results of present study shown that there were the pulmonary fibrosis and increased expression of HIF-1α in acute PQ poisoning rats at the early stage, and HIF-1α may be associated with pulmonary fibrosis.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; complications ; metabolism ; Animals ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the dosage and injection method of concanavalin A(Con A) for inducing Wistar rats into the acute hepatic injury model. Methods (1)According to the dosage of Con A, 42 Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups A, B, C, D, E, N, 7 rats in each group. Group N was given tail intravenous injection of normal saline as normal control group. Groups A, B, C, D, E were given intravenous injection of 4, 8, 16, 30, 40 mg/kg of Con A respectively. At the 8th hour after modeling, the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), albumin(ALB), interleukin(IL)-2 , IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere detected. And HE staining was used to observe the pathological feature of hepatic tissue. (2)According to the injection method of Con A, 21 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, intraperitoneal injection group and tail intravenous injection group, 7 rats in each group. The dosage of Con A for the rats in intraperitoneal injection group and tail intravenous injection group was 16 mg/kg. At the 8th hour after modeling, the levels of serum ALT, AST, and ALB were determined. Results The number of abnormal deaths in various dose Con A groups at the end of each experiment was 0 in groups A, B, C, and 2 in group D, and 7 in group E. A small amount of spotty necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatic lobule with almost integrity of structure were found in groups A, B, while obvious bridging-like necrosis was seen in groups C, D. Serum ALT, AST, and ALB levels in intraperitoneal injection group had no statistically significant difference as compared with the normal control group. Conclusion Tail intravenous injection of 16 mg/kg of Con A can be used to induce an acute immunological liver injury rat model successfully.

Thrombolysis with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is currently an approved therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) immediately following t-PA treatment for stroke is a rare but serious complication. A case of acute myocardial infarction (MI) following IV t-PA infusion for acute stroke was observed. This is a 52-year-old male with a known history of hypertension and chest pain, who subsequently developed MI four hours after IV t-PA was administered for acute ischemic stroke. The disruption of intra-cardiac thrombus and subsequent embolization to the coronary arteries may be an important mechanism. In addition, spontaneous recanalization of infarct-related arteries may be associated with greater myocardial salvage and better prognosis.
Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Stroke ; complications ; drug therapy ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; therapeutic use

Animals ; Bone and Bones ; cytology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Durapatite ; metabolism ; Female ; Osteoporosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of hydroquinone (HQ) on expression of topoisomerase IIα (TOPOIIα) in human bone marrow mononuclear cells, and to explore the role and possible regulatory mechanism of TOPOIIα involved in toxicity of HQ to hematopoietic cells.

METHODSAfter human bone marrow mononuclear cells were exposed to 50 µmol/L HQ (used the cells which were exposed to sterile distilled water as control); the activity of TOPOII was measured by TOPOII assay kit; the expression levels of TOPOIIα mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR technique and Western blotting method respectively; the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was carried out to study the possible mechanism of TOPOIIα expression changes.

RESULTS(1) The activity of TOPOII was inhibited obviously; the protein and mRNA expression of TOPOIIα were 0.017 ± 0.029 and 0.610 ± 0.128, significantly lower than that in the control with the significant difference (P < 0.01) after treated with HQ for 10 h; (2) The decreased content of TOPOIIα was associated with descended level of histone H4 acetylation than in the control, from 1.198 ± 0.056 to 0.324 ± 0.229, with the significant difference (P < 0.01), without accompanied descended level of histone H3 acetylation, from 1.253 ± 0.045 to 1.177 ± 0.025 (P > 0.05); (3) TOPOIIα mRNA expression decreased gradually after HQ processing, and the chemical modification (histone H4 acetylation) of TOPOIIα promoter happened prior to the mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONHQ could repress the expression of TOPOIIα in human bone marrow mononuclear cells; the change of histone chemical modification plays an important role in the benzene's hematopoietic toxicity.

Acetylation ; Adult ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Female ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroquinones ; toxicity ; Male ; Young Adult