?Advances in genome-wide analysis have revealed that up to 90%of the human genome is transcribed.However, only approximately 1% of RNA transcripts encode proteins, and the remaining transcripts are noncoding RNAs.Noncoding RNAs can be roughly divided into small noncoding RNAs (<200nt ) and long noncoding RNAs ( LncRNAs, >200nt ). Small noncoding RNAs include microRNAs, transfer RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs, whereas the long noncoding RNAs comprise ribosomal RNA, natural antisense transcripts, etc. Although the biosynthesis and biological activities of microRNAs are well studied through bioinformatics and active biological molecules analysis, the understanding of LncRNAs on these aspects is still limited.LncRNAs play multiple roles in regulating gene transcription and translation, and epigenetics.Aberrant LncRNAs expression can occur in various pathological processes and significantly related to the pathogenesis or poor prognosis of ophthalmological diseases. In this review, we will focus on the characteristics and regulatory functions of LncRNAs that are commonly associated with ophthalmological diseases.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of chitosan oral ulcer spray in treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcer(RAU).Methods Sixty patients suffered with RAU were randomly divided into two groups.The test group was treated with chitosan oral ulcer spray,while the control group was given a traditional Chinese medicine named Xileisan.To evaluate the efficacy according to a specialized evaluate standard.Results The disease course of test group was shorter than that of the control group.The test group was more effective in mitigating the pain of RAU than that of the control group.ConclusionThe efficacy of chitosan oral ulcer spray in treatment of RAU is superior to Xileisan.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the research and development of current hospital pharmaceutical preparation.METHODS: The development strategy and research & development thinking were put forward on the basis of current state laws and regulations as well as the newest trend in pharmaceutical researching field.RESULTS: Firstly,the development strategy should be planned elaborately such as building moderate-scale manufacturing laboratory,introducing advanced instrument and equipment,cultivating high quality talented group,establishing highly efficient running mechanism,formulating valid incentive policy and implementing scientific standardized management.Furthermore,research and development thinking should be scientific and feasible to adopt new pharmaceutical technology to research new pharmaceutical dosage form and develop new compound preparation,distinctive preparation and Chinese traditional medicine preparation based on the clinic requirement.CONCLUSIONS: Hospital pharmaceutical preparation can go out of the predicament and realize sustainable development so long as formulating active correct development strategy and stick to scientific feasible research thinking.

Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Styrenes ; analysis ; Workplace

Acute Disease ; Esophageal Stenosis ; chemically induced ; Herbicides ; toxicity ; Humans ; Paraquat ; toxicity ; Poisoning

Objective To explore the clinical effect of sitagliptin combined insulin compared to those patients whose sugars were not well controlled by insulin alone.Methods The eighty type 2 Diabetes patients whose BMI≥24 kg/m2 and used insulin alone were randomly divided into sitagliptin combined insulin group (40 cases) who were given sitagliptin 100mg/d allied with insulin,an insulin group (40 cases) who were given insulin alone.After 12 weeks,the change of body mass index (BMI),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1 c),β-cell function index(HOMA-β),insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),insulin quantities,and hypoglycemia rates were observed in two groups.Results Compared with pretherapy,the levels of FPG,2 h BG,HbAlc,HOMA-IR,and hypoglycemia rates were significantly decreased (P ＜0.05) ; BMI was increased in insulin group,while was not increased in sitagliptin combined insulin group.After the treatment,the insulin quantities were decreased in the combined group while increased in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sitagliptin combined insulin can effectively control glucose levels of type 2 diabetes patients,decrease the insulin quantities and the risk of hypoglycemia,and does not increase the weight.

After the history of health-promoting Qigong was described, the collation and digitalization plan of Qigong in formulas or rhymes was put forward, then a Qigong in formulas or rhymes database was constructed based on their indexing, the health preserving and cultural value of Qigong in formulas or rhymes was mined.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-fat diet on fatty acid metabolism, expression and activity of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in skeletal muscle in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats aged 22-24 months were randomly divided into old control (OC) group and high-fat diet (HF) group. Male Wistar rats aged 4-5 months were selected as young control (YC) group. The rats in OC and YC groups were fed with basic diet, and the rats in HF group received high-fat diet. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. Skeletal muscle triglyceride was extracted and measured by an automated biochemistry analyzer. Long-chain acetyl coenzyme A (LCACoAs) were extracted from muscle and measured by a fluorospectrophotometer. Protein expressions of ACC and P-ACC were measured using SDS-PAGE and Western blot techniques. Results (1)Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and free fatty acid were higher in OC group than in YC group and they increased significantly in HF group. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TO levels were also elevated after high-fat feeding. (2)Glucose infusion rates (GIR) were reduced in OC group than in YC group, and decreased significantly after high-fat feeding. GIR was lower at the end of the 8th week than at the end of the 4th week in HF group. (3) Compared with YC group, skeletal muscle triglyceride and LCACoAs increased in OC group and increased significantly in HF group. (4)No alterations of protein levels of ACC in skeletal muscle were detected among three groups (P>0.05). The protein levels of P-ACC in skeletal muscle were lower in OC group, and much lower in HF group than in YC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Compared with young rats, abnormal fatty acid metabolism and insulin resistance always exist in aged rats. High-fat feeding results in a significant increase in lipid content in skeletal muscle. Alterations of ACC activity may contribute to fat accumulation in skeletal muscle and insulin resistance.

AIM: To determine the contents of tetrandrine and fangchinoline in Qingshenjianfei Tablets by RP-HPLC. METHODS:In this method Zorbax C 18 column was used, and methanol—0.3%diethylamine (75∶25) as a mobile phase , the detection wavelength was at 242 nm. RESULTS:The recovery of tetrandrine was 103.65% and RSD was 1.59% .The recovery of fangchinoline was 97.11% and RSD was 1.91% (n=6). CONCLUSION: This method is simple,quick,reproducible and can be used for the quantitative analysis。

Objective To investigate the effects of high-fat diet on fatty acid metabolism in liver and insulin sensitivity in aged rats and to explore the mechanisms of insulin resistance associated with aging. Methods Male Wistar rats aged 22-24 months were randomly divided into old control (OC) group and high-fat diet (HF) group. Male Wistar rats aged 4-5 months were selected as young control (YC) group. The rats in OC and YC were fed with basic diet, and the rats in HF group received high fat diet. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. Extracted liver triglyceride was measured by an automated biochemistry analyzer. Results (1) Compared with YC group, fasting blood glucose(FBG), fasting insulin(FINS) and free fatty acid were increased in OC group and were increased significantly in HF group. Triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) levels were also elevated in HF group. (2) Compared with YC group, glucose infusion rate (GIR) was reduced in OC group and was decreased significantly in HF group. GIR was lower at the end of the 8th week than that at the end of the 4th week in HF group. (3) Compared with YC group, liver triglyceride was increased in OC group and was increased significantly in HF group. Liver triglyceride was negatively correlated with GIR, and positively correlated with FBG. Conclusions Compared with young rats, abnormal fatty acid metabolism and insulin resistance always exist in aged rats. High-fat feeding results in a significant increase in lipid content in liver and more serious insulin resistance in aged rats. Lipid accumulation in liver may contribute to insulin resistance associated with aging and high-fat diet.