In recent years, the cases of prenatal paternity testing gradually increased in forensic practice. The traditional prenatal paternity analysis can be performed only after invasive sampling of chorionic villi or amniotic fluid, which can result in a risk of miscarriage. The existence of circulating cell-free fetal nucleic acid in maternal plasma has brought new opportunities for the noninvasive prenatal paternity testing. In this paper, the research situation and application prospect of circulating cell-free fetal nucleic acid in maternal plasma in prenatal paternity testing are reviewed.

Objective To study the effects of PM2.5 and PM10 of dust storm on the secretion of nitrogen oxide(NO), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?)in the alveolar macrophages(AM)of rat in vitro. Methods PM2.5 and PM10 were collected during dust storm period in the urban area of Beijing. The tested cells were primary cultured alveolar macrophages. Cytotoxicity of the particles was measured by MTT assay. The content of NO was determined using Griess reagent. The levels of cytokines IL-8 and TNF-? were determined using radioimmunity assay. Results After treatment for 24 h, PM2.5 and PM10 caused cytotoxicity to AM and the survival rate of the cells was decreased with the increasing exposure dose of the dust to the rats and the survival rate of the cells in the high dosage group was 80% of the control group. At concentrations of 20～150 ?g/ml, PM2.5 and PM10 increased the secretion of NO, TNF-? and IL-8 in AM in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of PM2.5 was stronger than that of the PM10 at the same concentration, while the effects on the increasing secretion of NO, IL-8 and TNF-? induced by PM2.5 was smaller than that of the PM10. Conclusion PM2.5 and PM10 of dust storm could induce the secretion of inflammatory factors NO, IL-8 and TNF-? in rat AM.

Objective To discuss the methods of primarily repairing scalp,skull and dura defects of separated type D craniopagus Methods The huge defects in craniopagus was primarily repaired by the application of scalp expander, transferring scalp flap, repairing dura with pedicle periosteums, repairing skull defects with Titanium plates Results The survival baby has a good sharp of skull and well healing of scalp postoperatively Conclusions Defects of separated type D craniopagus can be primarily repaired

Objective To summarize the ruptured types and surgical treatment experience for rupture of aortic sinus aneurysm. Methods Nineteen cases with aneurysm of aortic sinus were retrospectively analyzed. There were 10 cases with ventricular septal defect,6 cases with aortic valvular incompetence,6cases with other diseases,2 cases complicated by infective endocarditis. All cases underwent operational treatment. Results There were 15 cases of right aneurysm of aortic sinus,including 12 cases among them ruptured into right ventricle,3 cases rupture was penetrated into right atrium.There were 3 cases of null aneurysm of aortic sinus,including 1 case among them ruptured into right ventricle,2 cases ruptured into right atrium. There was 1 case of left aneurysm of aortic sinus, which ruptured into left ventricle. No operative death occurred in all, 1 case with aortic regurgitation light to moderate,and all cases were recovered.Conclusions The right aneurysm of aortic sinus is the most common types,and always rupture into right ventricle. It is important that aneurysm of aortic sinus should be operated as early as possible in order to avoid losing the chance of operation, particular in the patients complicated by infective endocarditis.

Typhonii Rhizoma, the dried tuber of Typhonium giganteum, is a kind of commonly used Chinese materia medica for the treatment of cancer, stroke, trigeminal neuralgia, facial paralysis, and many other illnesses, but its active and toxic components as well as molecular mechanisms have not been specified. In this paper, the herbal textual research, historical evolutions in Pharmacopoeia, chemical composition, pharmacology and toxicology, processing and quality control of Typhonii Rhizoma were summarized in detail, so as to provide the references for the rational development and utilization of Typhonii Rhizoma.

Aim To explore the inhibition of Sinica Maxim′s extract( CSME) on resistant infections of burn wounds,such as the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) , resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (RPA) and resistant escherichia coli(RECO). Meth-ods The resistant strains were cultured by MH agar plates. After resistance genes of quality control strains were extracted and appraised, such as mecA, mexB, merA, qacE△1-sull, tnpU/A and mexB, etc, and then,some projects of CSME were detected,such as the antibacterial spectrum, the minimum inhibitory con-centration(MIC), different concentrations of sensitive rate and inhibition curves, etc. Finally, these results were compared with the inhibitory effects of some anti-biotics to determine the sensitivity rates of CSME. Re-sults The MIC of CSME was 62. 5 ,125 ,250 g · L-1 respectively on the MESA, RPA and RECO. The inhi-bition rates of CSME appeared concentration-dependent on these three kinds of resistant bacteria,and the inhi-bition rates of the multi-concentration CSME on RECO were significantly lower than on MRSA and RPA ( P<0. 05). While in MIC,the resistance rates of MRSA on carbenicillin, cefazolin, erythromycin were significant-ly higher than those of CSME(P<0. 05); The inhibi-tion zones of CSME were significantly smaller than those of ceftriaxone, cefepime, imipenem, but greater than those of other antibiotics( P<0. 05 ); The inhibi-tion zones of CSME on RPA were significantly smaller than those of carbenicillin, and greater than those of other antibiotics ( P <0. 05 ) . The inhibition zones of CSME on RECO were significantly smaller than those of ceftriaxone,cefepime,imipenem,ciprofloxacin,nitro-furazone,and greater than those of other antibiotics ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclusions CSME has a significant inhi-bition on burn wound infection with these three kinds of resistant bacteria,such as MRSA,RPA and RECO. It is prompted that CSME could become one of the effective drugs to control burn wound infections with multi-re-sistant strains.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for drug production,parchase and use in local governments,health care depart-ment,hospitals,manufacturers and sales enterprises,etc. METHODS:By consumption sum sorting method,the information of 14 categories and key types in 34 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 were analyzed statistically such as sales,produc-tion manufacturers. RESULTS:The consumption sum of 34 hospitals from Chongqing area increased by 15%-17% during 2012-2014. The consumption sum and proportion of anti-infective drugs showed a downward trend,decreasing by 3.28%. Those of respi-ratory system drugs and anti-tumor drugs had the largest increase,with increasing rate of 79.01% and 69.39%,respectively. Do-mestic drugs accounted for about 73% market share,and sales of imported drugs increased more than domestic and joint-stock drugs,increasing by 40.17%. Among 6 Chongqing pharmaceutical manufacturers on the top 100 consumption sum shortlist,total consumption sum of 3 manufacturers had increased;the consumption sum of top 10 foreign pharmaceutical manufactures increased year by year. CONCLUSIONS:The consumption sum of drugs is increasing in Chongqing area. Anti-infective drugs accounted for less than 16%,which is the achievements of clinical application of antibiotics special rectification activities for 3 years. Both respi-ratory system disease and malignant tumor have high incidence in Chongqing area. Domestic drugs still are main types in hospital. Foreign manufacturers develop well in China,but Chongqing pharmaceutical manufacturers show unsatisfactory development pros-pect.

Objective To census the preoperative prevalence rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and to evaluate the risk factors of DVT in senile osteoporotic hip fractured patients.Methods The object of study were patients aged 60 and above, and osteoporotic hip fracture by low energy injury in 2013.Based on medical records, all the patients with osteoporotic hip fracture were evaluated the signs and symptoms of DVT in 24 h, D-dimer test and underwent Doppler ultrasound screening of bilateral venous system in lower extremity after admission, and all the patients received preoperative prophylactic anticoagulation.Patients with popliteal and proximal level thrombus or floating thrombus underwent inferior vena cava (IVC) filter insertion.Outcome measures: age, gender, fracture type, D-dimer value in 24 h preoperatively, occurrence time of DVT and region, grade of preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists, preoperative medical diseases.Results 702 of 946 hip fracture inpatients were comprised in this retrospective study.All were not founded any symptom or signs of DVT.All patients were took preoperative Doppler ultrasound screening and the results as follows: 36 of 302 patients (11.9％) with femoral neck fracture were proved preoperative thrombosis(13 male, 23 female), the average age was 72.7 year-old(range from 62-90 year-old), on the same side as the fractured hip in 31 patients, bilateral thrombosis in 5 patients.74 of 400 patients (18.5％) with intertrochanteric fracture were proved preoperative thrombosis(38 male, 36 female), the average age was 76 year-old (range from 60-95 year-old), on the same side as the fractured hip in 68 patients, bilateral thrombosis in 6 patients.The most prevalence rate of DVT were in the first day after osteoporotic hip fracture, 15 patients (41.7％) with femoral neck fracture and 38 patients (51.40％) with intertrochanteric fracture.There were more proximal level and multiple level involment thrombosis over 5 days after injury.The most thrombosis were proven at calf and popliteal vein.Conclusion The prophylaxis of DVT should be started even in the emergency department in senile patient with osteoporotic hip fracture.To avoid the risk factors, early surgery and early postoperative mobilization will be effective.

OBJECTIVE To analyze clinical and etiologic characteristics of indwelling venous catheter-related infection(CRI) in artificial liver support system(ALSS)-treated patients and explore the measures of prevention and treatment.METHODS Bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test were performed in cusp of catheters after being pulled out and the peripheral blood in liver failure patients.RESULTS Sixty four strains were isolated including 56 Gram-positive strains,2 Gram-negative strains and 6 fungi ones,respectively.The most frequent organism was Staphylococcus epidermidis which had high sensitivity to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS The most effective measure is removing catheters in time,and vancomycin is the most optimal agent for CRI.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) for treating high risk coronary artery disease (CAD,SinoSCORE ≥ 6 points),and to evaluate its safety and efficacy.Methods The clinical data of 73 patients with high risk coronary artery disease treated through OPCABG (high risk group)in our center from April 2012 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of other low or moderate risk 78 patients treated through OPCABG (SinoSCORE＜ 6 points,low or moderate risk group) at the same period.Results All operations in the high risk group were successfully performed.Compared with the low or moderate risk group,the rate of using left internal mammary artery grafts in the high risk group was reduced significantly (P＜0.05),the operation time,postoperative ventilator support time,postoperative intensive care unit stay time and postoperative hospitalization time were prolonged significantly (P＜0.05),the rate of using intraaortic balloon pump support was increased significantly (P＜0.05),and the occurrence rate of postoperative severe complications was also increased significantly (P＜0.05).Sixty-nine cases were postoperatively followed up for (18.3±8.6) months.During the following-up period,2 cases died.11 branches of internal mammary artery grafts patency (11/11) and 38 branches of great saphenous vein grafts patency (38/43) were confirmed in 18 cases by coronary artery computer tomography angiography or coronary angiography.One cases was performed the PCI therapy due to angina relapse,and other cases had no angina symptoms with good life quality.Conclusion OPCABG is a relatively minimally invasive and safe operative mode.Strengthening perioperative management can reduce the operation risk and achieves good short or middle term efficacy in the patients with high risk CAD.