Purpose: To study the influences of immune suspression by oral administration of type Ⅱ collagen on the pathogenesis of collagen induced arthritis(CIA) and traumatic oseoarthritis(OA) in rats; Methods: Rat knee traumatic osteoarthritis model made by excision of medial collateral ligament and medial meniscetomy and CIA model were applied for the observation of the changes on hisological and histochemical staining and the inhibition of T cells after oral administration of type Ⅱ collagen. Results: In OA, although the T cells were suspressed by oral administration of type Ⅱ collagen, however, the the pathogenesis was not hindered comparing with RA. It indicated that for OA, machanical factor is more important than the immunological factor, oral administration of type Ⅱ collagen has little effect on decreasing the speed of development of OA. It is not adequate to take the remedy of oral administation of type Ⅱ collagen for the treatment of OA.

Leydig cells, located in the loose interstitial tissue of seminiferous tubules, are the major site for androgen synthesis and secretion, and play an important role in the reproductively and fertility of males. The dysfunction of Leydig cells may lead to various male diseases, such as primary hypogonadism, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. This review outlines the recent findings concerning the generation, development and regulation of Leydig cells.
Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Leydig Cells ; cytology ; Male

Objective To investigate the clinical epidemiology and clinical features of patients with rubella. Methods Data of clinical epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings of patients with rubella hospitalized in Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from 2002 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. Positive rates were analyzed using chi square test. Results Of the 408 patients with rubella,90.0% had histories of contacting with patients with rubella, and 75.5% were students. The common clinical manifestations were fever(71.1%),rash(100.0%),lymphadenectasis(90.0%).Laboratory findings were liver dysfunction(10.3%),myocardial enzyme abnormality(11.8%),WBC decrease(60.0%)and lymphocythemia(70.1%).The differences between adult group(n=125)and children group(n=283)were compared. The numbers of patients with eruption time within 1-2 days were 102 and 264,respectively(X~2=12.823.P＜0.01);those with deflorescence time within 1-3 days were 43 and 129,respectively(X~2=4.447,P=0.035);those with sporadic rash were 108 and 263,respectively(X~2=4.487,P=0.034);those with erythroic rash were 99 and 247,respectively(X~2=4.392,P=0.036);those with eruption order of head to trunk were 104 and 256,respectively(X~2=4.402,P=0.036);those with thrombocytopenia were 10.4% and 2.5%,respectively(X~2=11.686,P＜0.01);those with liver dysfunction were 17.6% and 7.1%,respectively(X~2=10.416,P＜0.01);those with myocardial enzyme abnormality were 20.0% and 8.1 %,respectively(X~2=11.774,P＜0.01),those complicated with broncho pneumonia were 0.8 and 6.7%,respectively(X~2=6.505,P=0.011);those complicated with hepatitis were 17.6 % and 7.1 %,respectively(X~2=7.117,P=0.008);those complicated with myocarditis were 18.4% and 7.1%,respectively(X~2=11.811,P＜0.01) and those complicated with arthritis were 12.0% and 2.8%,respectively(X~2=13.715,P＜0.01).Conclusions Compared with children patients with rubella, the constitutional symptoms of adult patients are more severe, and the proportion of liver and myocardial enzyme abnormality is higher, which should be paid more attention.

Objective To observe the effect of montelukast sodium and ambroxol oral solution in treatment respiratory symptoms caused by mycoplasma infection in children.Methods 147 children who were infected by mycoplasma pneumonia with lower respiratory tracts symptom were randomly divided into A,B,C three groups:group A was control group,group B was treated by montelukast sodium,and group C was treated by montelukast sodium and ambroxol oral solution.Coughing,symptomatic relief of pant were observed in each group.Results After 7 days treatment,the total effective rate of three groups was A group 79.5％,B group 95.7％,C group 96.4％.Compared with group A,the coughing and panting time in group B and group C were significantly shorter(x2 =5.61,9.54,all P ＜0.05),The rate of coughing and panting complete remission in group C was higher compared with group B (x2 =5.39,P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistificantly significant difference in the total efficency between the two groups.Conclusion Montelukast sodium and ambroxol oral solution can effectively improve the symptoms of respiratory tract infection caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Obiective To expand the functions of the original data integration platform combined business process to achieve cross-system integration in hospital, Methods On the basis of efficient data interaction for every medical information system in hospital, more related function modules for the DIP were added. Results The new function modules can satisfy DIP multiple needs in the hospital daily work and make the DIP more powerful. Conclusion The applicability and rationality of DIP are improved by extended function.

Objective To investigate the clinical and MR features of fungal encephalopyosis and fungal granuloma.Methods The clinical and MR data of 10 cases with fungal encephalopyosis and fungal granuloma confirmed by surgical pathology or clinical serum were analyzed retrospectively.Then we analyzed the clinical conditions,MR signals,lesion enhancement,DWI and MRS performance characteristics of the 10 cases.Results Six cases were fungal encephalopyosis,among which 2 cases occurred in the sella turcica after surgery which located in and above the sella turcica.2 cases occurred in the frontal lobe after frontal surgery and 1 case of them was multiple encephalopyosis.2 cases of encephalopyosis without operation history were located in the left frontal lobe and right cerebellum respectively.The abscess walls of these cases were thin and showed high tension.Furthermore,it had annular significant signal enhancement and high signal in DWI scan.One case of huge fungal granuloma located in the frontal lobe and into the sinuses which showed uneven signal enhancement. The Cho level was significantly increased.Three cases of cryptococcal granuloma showed multiple lesions located in the bilateral basal ganglia region and 2 out of them accompanied with cephalomeningitis.Conclusion The MR performance of fungal encephalopyosis was quite similar with bacterial brain abscesses,which makes the differential diagnosis difficult.The brain fungal granuloma MRS may display a significant increase of Cho level which might be related with gliosis.It shows certain characteristics of brain MR performance of cryptococcal granuloma which are multiple lesions,preferential distribution of basal ganglia region and accompanying cephalomeningitis.

Objective To investigate the influence of tissue-specific growth hormone receptor (GHR)deficiency in type 1 diabetes in the mice at the gene level using pancreaticβcells combined with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes model.Methods The experiment was divided into four groups:knockout mice group (LLc knockout group), using the homozygotes (LLc:LL+Cre) producted by pancreaticβ cell-specific expressed recombinant enzyme mice (RIP-Cre)and Cre-LoxP system modified GHR mice (Floxed,LL);LL control group, containing Floxed GHR allele homozygous mice (LL);LLc STZ group and LL STZ group (STZ was used for inducing type 1 diabetes model mice). The mice with feeding glucose≥25 mmol · L-1 were considered to be successful models.The Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT),pancreas tissue HE staining and immunohistochemistry were performed in the mice.Results The blood glucose of the mice in LL STZ group and LLc STZ group and LLc STZ group were increased after inj ection of STZ and the models achieved the diagnostic criteria for diabetes 1 6 d later.The results of GTT showed that compared with LLc control group and LLc knockout group, the blood glucose levels of the mice in LL STZ and LLc STZ groups were increased (P<0.05).There was no significant change of morphology and structure of islets between LL control group and LLc knockout group detected by HE staining. The immunohistochemistry results showed that the insulin level of the mice in LL STZ group was significantly reduced compared with LL control group;the insulin level of the mice in LLc STZ group was reduced compared with LLc control group.Conclusion Pancreaticβcell GHR gene knockout has no effect on the blood glucose and the function ofβcells in the mice with STZ-induced type 1 diabetes.

Objective To explore the application value of plastic biliary stent and fully covered self-expandable metallic stent (FCSEMS) in endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) for treatment of benign biliary stricture after liver transplantation.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 54 patients with benign biliary stricture after liver transplantation undergoing ERCP treatment who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between January 2010 and August 2016 were collected.Among 54 patients,44 had simple anastomotic stricture and 10 had non-anastomotic stricture.All the patients underwent stent implantation by ERCP.Patients with stricture within 1 month postoperatively initially selected single plastic stent or endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD),and then changed into multiple plastic stents at the second stent replacement.Patients with stricture after 1 month postoperatively selected multiple plastic stents,multiple plastic stents after balloon dilation or FCSEMS.Observation indicators:ERCP situations,stent implantation,time of stent indwelling,postoperative complications,stent dislocation,treatment outcome and follow-up situations.Patients were followed up by outpatient examination and telephone interview up to November 2016.Clinical symptoms of patients were observed within 1 month postoperatively and liver function and abdominal ultrasound were retested.Liver function and remission degree of biliary stricture were monitored regularly once every 3 months.Measurement data were described as average (range).Results All the patients underwent successful ERCP,of which 53 completed the process of ERCP and 1 rejected treatment due to economic problems.All the 54 patients received 140 times ERCPs with an average of 2.59 times per person,21 times ENBDs,11 times FCSEMSs and 108 times plastic stent implantations (including 35 times single stent implantations,46 times double stents implantations,23 times 3-stents implantations and 4 times 4-stents implantations).All the 54 patients were followed up for 3-143 months,with an average time of 73 months.Of 44 with anastomotic stricture,34 received plastic stent implantation and 98 times ERCPs,with an average number of stent implantation of 2 (range,1-4) and an average time of stent indwelling of 10.7 months (range,9.0-13.0months);the postoperative acute pancreatitis,biliary infection,hyperamylasemia and adverse stent implantation or dislocation were detected in 4 persons every time,7 persons every time,10 persons every time and 3 persons every time,respectively;26 patients were cured and 5 were improved,with an effective rate of 91.2％ (31/34);3 patients with noneffective treatment continued to undergo ERCP and 3 patients had recurrence of anastomotic stricture.Among 10 patients with initial FCSEMS implantation,12 times ERCPs were performed,with an average time of stent indwelling of 7.6 months (range,6.0-12.0 months);postoperative biliary infection,hyperamylasemia and stent dislocation were detected in 1 person every time,1 person every time and 1 person every time,respectively;8 patients were cured,with an effective rate of 8/10;of 2 patients with persistent stricture,1 patient received contrast examination after stent removal,showing a comparative stricture in level 1 branch of intrahepatic duct and considering combined ischaemia,and then underwent the second implantation using multiple plastic stents;the other patient had elevated level of jaundice at 3 months after stents removal and received ERCP,showing anastomotic inflammatory polyp,and then underwent FCSEMS implantation again.Ten patients with non-anastomotic stricture received plastic stent implantation and 30 times ERCPs,with an average number of stent implantation of 3 (range,2-4) and an average time of stent indwelling of 11.3 months (range,10.0-14.0 months);the postoperative acute pancreatitis,biliary infection,hyperamylasemia and adverse stent implantation or dislocation were detected in 2 persons every time,5 persons every time,2 persons every time and 1 person every time,respectively;3 patients were cured and 3 were improved,with an effective rate of 6/10;of 4 patients with noneffective treatment,2 died of gradually deteriorating liver function and 2 underwent the second liver transplantation.Conclusions Stent implantation in ERCP is safe and effective for treatment of benign biliary stricture after liver transplantation,single plastic stent should be used in the early period (within 1 month) and multiple plastic stents should be used in the later period.Although FCSEMS has a higher displacement rate,it should be recommended due to a better clinical effect,lower incidence of complications and simple operation.For patients with non-anastomotic stricture,plastic stent should be used for extrahepatic biliary stricture,with a good clinical effect,and there is worse effect in stent implantation through ERCP for multiple intrahepatic biliary strictures.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)during one lung ventilation on pulmonary function in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic repair of atrial septal defect.Methods Twenty ASA Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 16-30 yr,weighing 41-64 kg,scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic repair of atrial septal defect,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n = 10 each): control group and CPAP group.One lung ventilation(VT 8 ml/kg,RR 12-16 bpm,I:E 1:2,PETCO2 35-40 mm Hg)was perform in both groups.CPAP(6 cm H2O)was perform during one lung ventilation in group CPAP.The oxygenation index,pulmonary compliance and airway pressure were recorded during operation.The cardiovascular events,hyoxemia and extubation time were recorded.Results The oxygenation index and pulmonary compliance were significantly higher,extubation time was shorter,and the incidence of hyoxemia was lower in CPAP group than in control group(P ＜ 0.01).The airway pressure was in the normal range in both groups.No cardiovascular events was found in both groups.Conclusion CPAP(6cm H2O)during one lung ventilation can improve the pulmonary function in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic repair of atrial septal defect.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of Albumin tannate and barm powder in the treatment of infantile acute diarrhea. METHODS:81 cases of infantile acute diarrhea were selected and randomly divided into treatment(41 cas-es)and control group(40 cases). Both groups received routine treatment;treatment group was additionally given Albumin tannate and barm powder orally;control group was additionally given Montmorillonite powder. Clinical efficacy,the taste of drugs and ADR were observed in 2 groups after treatment. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in total effective rate(97.56%)of treatment group and that (100%) of control group (P>0.05). After treatment,defecation times and urine volume score of treat-ment group were higher than those of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The taste score of Albumin tannate and barm powder(2.93±0.35)in treatment group was significantly higher than(1.25±0.44)in control group,with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Albumin tannate and barm powder and Montmorillon-ite powder have good clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of infantile acute diarrhea. Albumin tannate and barm powder is better than Montmorillonite powder in improving children’s appetite and relieving abdominal pain. Albumin tannate and barm pow-der tastes better when taking,gain a better adherence in the children patients.