Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Female ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Zidovudine ; administration & dosage

To determine the content of 10-Hydroxy -2-decenoic acid in Chongcaojing Wangjiang Capsule by HPLC.The column was Discovery C 18 .The detective wavelength was at 209 nm. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: 0.5% phosphoric acid (25∶75) with the flow rate being 1.0 mL/min and the column temperature at 25℃.There was a good linearity (r=1) winthin the range of 0.02144 ～ 0.38592 ?g. The average recovery rate was 101.8%, RSD= 1.6%. [Conclusion] This method can be used for the quality control standard of Chongcaojing Wangjiang Capsule.

BackgroundThe effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on public health have attracted wide attentions.The association of the thermal effect of ELF-EMFs with cancer and ocular tissue damage has been of concern.However,the pathological changes of scleral tissue after exposure to ELF-EMFs as well as the relationship between these changes and myopia are still poorly understood.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the molecular pathological changes of human fetal scleral fibroblasts (HFSFs) after exposure to ELF-EMFs in vitro and to explore the possible mechanism in the occurrence and development of myopia.MethodsHFSFs were cultured and passaged and then exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields,and HFSFs that did not receive the irradiation of ELF-EMFs were used as the control group.The expression of collagen type Ⅰ (COL1A1 ) mRNA and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA in cultured HFSFs were detected by real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) under different magnetic field intensites (0,0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0 mT) and different exposure time (0,6,12,24,36,48 hours).Cell proliferation assay of HFSFs was detected by the cell counting kit 8 ( CCK8 ) assay.The expression levels of COL1 A1 and MMP-2 proteins in HFSFs were further confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.Results The expression of COL1A1 mRNA was significantly down-regulated under the exposure of 0.2 mT ELF-EMFs for 6 hours,in comparison with the control group;moreover,it decreased in parallel with the increased of flux density (0.099±0.008 vs.0.050±0.004) (P =0.009 ).The expression of MMP-2mRNA was up-regulated conspicuously after exposure to 0.1 mT ELF-EMFs for 24 hours,and it increased with exposure time in comparison with the control group ( 0.009 ±0.001 vs.0.018±0.003 ) ( P =0.038 ).Proliferation of HFSFs (A450) was inhibited following the exposure to 0.2 mT ELF-EMFs for 24 hours in comparison with the control group (P =0.009 ).The expression of COL1 A1 in the experimental group was decreased,compared with the control group,but the expression of MMP-2 was increased.ConclusionsELF-EMFs inhibit the proliferation of HFSFs and expression of COL1 A1 in HFSFs,which might be one of the reasons for the development of myopia.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; Paeonia ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Observation and comparison about space-occupying lesions due to herniated nucleus pulposus, as well as nerve root compression in lumbosacral disc herniation and manipulative therapy are easily available; however, there is still lack of related quantitative research regarding the internal pressure in herniated nucleus pulposus.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of the internal pressure in herniated nucleus pulposus on nerve root compression in patients with lumbosacral disc herniation.DESIGN: Case control study.SETTING: Bone Setting Therapeutic Center, the Air Force General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 30 patients with lumbosacral disc herniation received operation in the Orthopedic Department of the Air Force General Hospital between October 2002 and December 2003; meanwhile, 15 patients with lumbosacral disc herniation received manipulative therapy in the Bone Setting Therapeutic Center of the same hospital.ing positive group and negative group according to the results of straight leg raising test. The pressure in herniated nucleus pulposus was detected during operation, and the straight leg raising height was also recorded beThe size of intervertebral disk herniated nucleus was presented by the maximum vertical distance from the intervertebral disk herniating apex to the posterior edge of vertebra on CT and/or MRI transverse section.raising height.RESULTS:Totally 30 patients received operative treatment whereas 15The pressure in lumbosacral disc herniated nucleus andthe size of herniated nucleus pulposus: as for patients who received operation, the pressure in herniated nucleus pulposus was obviously higher in positive group than in negative group [(2.119±0.753), (0.483±0.420) kPa, P ＜ 0.01]. However,the size of herniated nucleus pulposus was not significantly different between positive group and negative group [(4.688±1.991), (4.857±2.033) mm,nipulative therapy, their straight leg raising height was obviously increased compared to that before operation [(54.000±16.388)°, (72.668±15.338)°,P ＜ 0.01], but the size of herniated nucleus pulposus was proved not obviously changed by CT or MRI examination after manipulative therapy (P ＞ 0.05).cleus pulposus on nerve root is related to the iuternal pressure of herniated nucleus pulposus; higher internal pressure in herniated nucleus pulposus would limit straight leg raising height while lower internal pressure has less effect. However, the compression of herniated nucleus pulposus on nerve root has no obvious relationship with the size of herniated nucleus compression by reducing the internal pressure in herniated nucleus pulposus, which may not only depend on changing the space-occupying of herniated nucleus pulposus.

?AIM:To investigate the correlation between dry eye and different degrees of diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) in type 2 diabetic patients.?METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, 340 patients (340 eyes) with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Tear film function tests including tear meniscus height, tear film breakup time ( BUT ) , fluorescein staining, Schirmer Ⅰtest were performed followed by surveying questionnaires about dry eye. Retinal status was evaluated by retinal color photography and indirect ophthalmoscopy exam with dilated pupils to evaluate DR and whether companied by macular edema.?RESULTS:The prevalence of dry eye was 49. 41%. The mean duration of diabetes in patients with dry eye was 11.15±7.07a, while 6.92±5.45a without dry eye(P<0.01). Dry eye had the positive correlation to the development of DR. The incidence of dry eye in people with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) , moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 1. 097 times, 1. 724 times, 2. 86 times and 5. 43 times respectively, compared with people without DR. The occurrence of dry eye in people with macular edema increased by 3. 697 times compared with people without macular edema.?CONCLUSION: Dry eye was more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes. The incidence of dry eye increased gradually with the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy.

AlM: To evaluate the effect of rigid gas permeable contact lens ( RGP ) in correcting high myopia and astigmatism.METHODS: Forty-one patients ( 65 eyes ) with myopia (-9. 03 ± 6. 19DS, maximum -23. 00DS) and astigmatism (-1. 41 ± 1. 32DC, maximum -5. 50DC) were fitted with RGP after strict routine ophthalmological examination, objective refraction and subjective refraction. All these patients were followed after 1wk, 1, 3mo and half one year.RESULTS:Sixty-five eyes were fitted with RGP (-9. 92± 5. 96DS). RGP base curve ( BC) was majorly located within the range 7. 20 ~8. 25mm. 46. 2% eyes with RGP achieved 1. 0 ( BCVA ) and 80. 1% achieved above 0. 6 ( BCVA) . However, with spectacles, the percent was 28%(1. 0) and 60% (>0. 6), respectively. BCVA of RGP was 0. 81 ± 0. 22, but BCVA with spectacles was 0. 66 ± 0. 28, there was statistical significance (P<0. 01). There were 40 eyes (62%) fitted with RGP whose vision were enhanced more than 1 line, 24 eyes ( 37%) whose vision were not changed and 1 eye (2%) whose vision were dropped 1 line.CONCLUSlON:RGP effectively improves visual acuity of high myopia and astigmatism compared with spectacles.

Holistic education is an important philosophy of medical education.Medical graduate students can show their skills of medical specialties,improve their abilities of communication and cooperation,and promote their sense of social responsibility through social practice.Through conducting questionnaire among medical graduate students of Peking University Third Hospital who major in internal medicine,we have got to know the effect of social practice on holistic education philosophy.Meanwhile,social practice is a crucial approach to implementing holistic education.

Objective To prepare the immunotoxin protein (183B 2ScFvPE38) which might be useful in immuno guided therapy for ovarian carcinoma and study the activity of the protein. Methods The methods of ELISA and cytotoxicity were used to study the immunotoxin after induced with IPTG and the activity of the immunotoxin. Results The expressed fusion proteins were detected mostly as inclusion bodies at high level, and soluble immunotoxins were also observed. The results showed liable activity of antibody part and toxic part. Conclusion The recombinant fusion protein 183B 2ScFvPE38 keeps the activity of both components and might be of great use in the future to deal with ovarian carcinoma. [

Objective To observe the effect of intra-articular injection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)on the experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits and study the mechanism.Methods Forty rabbits un derwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)and then divided into two groups randomly. 100?mol/L DHEA resolved in the dimethylsulphoxide were injected into the knees of experimental rabbits 4 weeks after transection,once a week for five weeks.Rabbits in the control group were treated under the same schedule using dimethylsulphoxide.All rabbits were killed 9 weeks after ACLT and the knee joints were evalu- ated by gross morphology and histology.The mRNA expression of metalloproteinases-3(MMP-3),tissue in- hibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1)and interleukin-lbeta(IL-1?)in the cartilage and synovium was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Gross morphologic in- spection and histological evaluation showed that the extent and grade of cartilage and synovium damage in the experimental group were less severe than the control group.The mRNA expression of MMP-3 in cartilage and synovium decreased significantly in the experimental group(both P＜0.05).The mRNA expression of TIMP-1 in cartilage and synovium increased significantly in the experimental group compared with that in the control group(both P＜0.05).No significant difference of IL-1?mRNA expression in cartilage was found between the experimental and the control groups(P＞0.05).The mRNA expression of IL-1?in the synovium was signifi- cantly suppressed in the experimental group compared with that in the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion DHEA protects against cartilage degradation,alleviates synovium inflammation and inhibits the progression of osteoarthritis in the experimental model.Down-regulation of MMP-3 and up-regulation of TIMP-1 in cartilage and synovium and IL-1?in the synovium may be the mechanism of the protective effect of DHEA on os- teoarthritis.