Objective To investigate the influence of Memantine on changes of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B (NMDAR-2B) level, the expression of postsynaptic density 95 ( PSD-95) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ)activities in the hippocampus of vascular dementia(VD)rats and their recognition. Methods The VD rat model was established by permanent,bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. One hundred and forty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, VD model group and Memantine-treated group. The water maze test was performed to detect the ability of learning and memory of the rats,the changes of NMDAR-2B level were measured by RT-PCR,the changes in the expression of PSD-95 were detected by immunohistochemical staining,and the changes in the CaMK Ⅱ activities were determined by incorporation of ~(32)P into histone. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, the ability of learning and memory of VD rats was decreased significantly(P<0. 01); the level of NMDAR-2B and the expression of PSD-95 increased significantly at the 4th week after operation(F<0. 05 or 0. 01)and decreased at the 8th to 16th week after operation (P<0. 01). Total CaMK Ⅱ activity was increased significantly at the 4th week after operation(P<0. 01) ,then dropped at the 8th week after operation(P>0. 05) ,and decreased significantly at the 12th,16th week after operation(P<0. 01). As for Memantine-treated group,at the 4th week after operation,there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters mentioned above in contrast with the sham-operated group. At the 8th,and 12th week after operation,the ability of learning and memory,the level of NMDAR-2B and the expression of PSD-95 were significantly increased as compared with VD rats(P<0. 01 or 0. 05) ,but total CaMK Ⅱ activity was similar to that of VD rats. Conclusion With the development of VD,NMDAR-2B level,the expression of PSD-95 and CaMK Ⅱ activities were firstly over-activated,and then decreased greatly. Memantine can improve VD rats' recognition by modulating the expression of NMDAR-2B,but its effect on CaMK Ⅱactivity was limited.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection,which combined with in vitro fertilization and micromanipulation techniques,has been applied to research the molecular mechanisms of fertilization,and produce the sexing livestock and transgenic animals.The research advances in porcine intracytoplasmic sperm injection,including in vitro maturation and pretreatment of oocytes,selection and treatment of spermatozoon,artificial activation of injected oocytes after injection,and improvement of the operation technique were reviewed.

Objective:To investigate the differences in related indices of ulcerative colitis (UC) respectively induced by free drinking and intragastric administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice to provide experimental reference for the optimization of UC model.Methods:Totally 30 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the normal control group,free drinking group and intragastric administration group with 10 ones in each.The mice drank water freely with free drinking or intragastric administration of 3% DSS solution at the dose of 4 g·kg-1·day-1 for 7 days to establish the UC model.The differences in disease activity index (DAI),histological damage sore and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) among the groups were compared.Results:Two mice died during the experiment in the free drinking group,and DAI of survival mice was (8.8±1.6).There was no death of mice in intragastric administration group,and DAI was (9.0±0.8),and there was no significant difference in DAI between the groups (P>0.05),while the coefficient of variation in the free drinking group was higher than that in the intragastric administration group (18.7 vs 8.6).The colonic histological damage score of the free drinking group and the intragastric administration group was 24.8±4.2 and 27.0±2.8,respectively,which was typical inflammatory change with no significant difference (P>0.05),while the coefficient of variation of the free drinking group was higher than that of the intragastric administration group (16.9 vs 10.4).MPO of the normal control group,free drinking group and intragastric administration group was (0.41±0.03),(2.32±0.34) and (2.05±0.18) U·g-1,respectively.Compared with the normal control group,significant difference in MPO was shown in the free drinking group and the intragastric administration group (P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in MPO between the groups (P>0.05),and the coefficient of variation in the free drinking group was higher than that in the intragastric administration group (14.7 vs 8.8).Conclusion:Both free drinking and intragastric administration of DSS can successfully induce the UC model in mice.Compared with the free drinking group,the intragastric administration group has low mortality rate and low coefficient of variation.Therefore,intragastric administration has more advantages than free drinking in inducing the UC model in mice.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the positive rate of ?-lactamase,oprD2,aminoglycosides modifying enzyme and qacE△1 gene among clinical isolated strains of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in our hospital.METHODS P.aeruginosa was determined by VITEK,and MIC was determined by agar dilution method.TEM,IMP,VIM,oprD2,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰ,aac(6″)-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,ant(2″)Ⅰ and qacE△1 in strains were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS The positive rate of TEM,aac(3)Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ and ant(2″)-Ⅰ in multi-resistant P.aeruginosa were 51.4%,48.6%,40.0%,54.3%,45.7% and 60.0%,respectively.No IMP and VIM genes were detected.CONCLUSIONS Positive rate of ?-lactamase, aminoglycosides modifying enzyme is high in 35 tested strains,and that should be paid more attention.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Kecuo Yingtong gel with detailed treatment regimen for ache vulgaris by phase. Methods Sixty patients with acne vulgaris of mild to the severity were randomized to receive either detail by phase group (A) or conventional group (B). Group A was treated with Kecuo Yingtong gel topically 1 to 4 times daily according to the severity of the disease. Clinical responses were recorded and photographed weekly in group A, and treatment regimens were adjusted accordingly. Group B only was treated with Kecuo Yingtong gel 2 times daily for 6 to 8 weeks. Results It was shown that cure rates were 66.7% and 36.7% in the groups A and B, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups (P<0.05). Only few patients had stimulating symptoms, and severe adverse effects had not been observed. However, incidence of the side effects was higher in group A than group B. Conclusions Kecuo Yingtong gel has been proved to have an excellent response with detailed treatment by phase. Reasonably increasing the daily dosage could improve the cure rates. The cutaneous tolerability of the drug is generally good.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of LUNX gene to marrow micrometastases of lung cancer.Methods To detect LUNX mRNA of marrow samples of 51 patients of lung cancer,4 patients of breast cancer,6 patients of lymphadenoma,3 patients of liver cancer and 22 patients of benign disease by real-time RT-PCR.Results The positive detection rate and meso-copies of lung cancer were 58.8% (30/51) and 35copies/ml respectively.The positive detection rate and meso-copies of other diseases were all 0,The positive detection rate and meso-copies of lung cancer was significantly higher than that of patients with other diseases (x~2=11.12,U_c=3.7329,P

Objective To investigate the character of aquaporin-1(AQP-1)expression in adrenal gland in diabetes mellitus and evaluate adrenal gland damage and function alterations by DWI with multiple b values. Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected by computer and randomized into 2 groups:untreated controls(n=10)and diabetes(DM)(n=10). Rats in diabetes group were fed with high-sucrose and high-fat diet, controls were fed with common diet. After fed with high-sucrose and high-fat diet for 4 weeks, rats in diabetes group were injected with streptozotocin(STZ). Forty days after diabetes induction with streptozotocin(STZ), MR imaging was performed in a 7.0 T scanner. Venous blood from the tails was collected before MRI scan to measure blood glucose, blood glucose more than 16.7 mmol/L wasregarded as diabetic status. All the rats underwent DWI with 18 b values(0 to 4500 s/mm2). Maps of pure diffusion coefficients(D), pseudo-diffusion coefficients(D*)and ultra-high ADC(ADCuh)were acquired. Rats were sacrificed after MRI scan for adrenal gland histopathology, AQP-1 immunohistochemistry analysis and AQP-1 optical density(OD)measurements. Student t test was used to compare the difference of D*, D, ADCuh and OD of AQP-1 between two groups. Results Eight diabetic animals developed hyperglycemia(two rats died during the modeling process). MRI scan was performed in all of the 18 rats. Signal intensity of D*map, D map and ADCuh map decreased gradually. ADCuh increased significantly in DM animals(0.24 ± 0.06) × 10-3mm2/s compared with control animals(0.18 ± 0.07) × 10-3 mm2/s(P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference found between the two groups in their respective D*and D values(P>0.05). There was a noticeable increase in the AQP-1 labeling in the adrenal cell membrane and cytoplasm in DM animals compared with control animals. DM rats showed an increased OD value of AQP-1 in adrenal gland compared with the control animals(P<0.05). Conclusions We found significantly higher AQP-1 expression in adrenal gland in DM animals compared with controls. Ultra-high b-Values DWI may work as a useful way for noninvasive evaluation the change of adrenal function in DM.

A study was made on the pharmacokinetic regularity of effective components salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SMRR) and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(CR) in rats, so as to discuss the compatibility mechanism of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Rats were randomly divided into three groups and intravenously injected with 50 mg x kg(-1) salvianolic acid B for the single SMRR extracts group, 0.5 mg x kg(-1) ferulic acid for the single CR extracts group and 50 mg x kg(-1) salvianolic acid B + 0.5 mg x kg(-1) ferulic acid for the SMRR and CR combination group. The blood samples were collected at different time points and purified by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. With chloramphenicol as internal standard (IS), UPLC was adopted to determine concentrations of salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid. The pharmacokinetic parameters of salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid were calculated with WinNonlin 6.2 software and analyzed by SPSS 19.0 statistical software. The UPLC analysis method was adopted to determine salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid in rat plasma, including linear equation, stability, repeatability, precision and recovery. The established sample processing and analysis methods were stable and reliable, with significant differences in major pharmacokinetic parameters, e.g., area under the curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT) and terminal half-life (t(1/2)). According to the experimental results, the combined application of SMRR and CR can significantly impact the pharmacokinetic process of their effective components in rats and promote the wide distribution, shorten the action time and prolong the in vivo action time of salvianolic acid B and increase the blood drug concentration and accelerate the clearance of ferulic acid in vivo.
Animals ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Coumaric Acids ; blood ; pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Objective Fecal biomarkers have emerged as an important tool for assessing and monitoring disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) .We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of fecal neopterin and calprotectin in pa-tients with active inflammatory bowel disease and made comparison with that of serum C-reactive protein ( CRP) . Methods A total of 151 consecutive patients with IBD (84 CD and 67 UC) provided 2 gram fecal samples for the measurement of fecal neopterin( FNP) and calprotectin( FCP) concentrations and 2 milliliter blood samples for the serum C-reactive protein measurement before undergoing a colonoscopy.ELISA was applied in the measurement.Clinical disease activities were scored independently according to the Best Crohn′s Disease Activity Index(CDAI) in patients with CD, while the Modi-fied Mayo Scores in patients with UC.Comaprison was made in the relativity of each fecal marker and IBD activity score, the optimum value of diagnosing IBD acitivity as to each fecal marker, as well as sensitivity, specificity, moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC) was drawn.50 healthy volunteers who received a normal colonoscopy were also enrolled as the control group and asked to give a 2 gram fresh stool sample. Results The FNP and FCP concentrations in patients with IBD were significantly higher than those in healthy control group(P<0.05).Both FNP and FCP concentrations differed significantly in clinically active IBD when compared with those in patients with inactive disease( P<0.001) .In CD patients, the correlation coefficients of FNP and FCP with CDAI were 0.55 and 0.59, respectively(P<0.001).In UC patients, the correlation coefficients of FNP and FCP with Mayo scores were 0.74 and 0.77, respectively( P<0.001) .The correlation coefficients of serum CRP in CD and UC patients with clinical scores were 0.49 and 0.60, respectively(P<0.001).The area under the ROC curve(AUC) of FNP and FCP for the diagnosis of clinical activity in pa-tients with CD were 0.75 and 0.80, respectively.The AUC of FNP and FCP in UC patients were 0.85 and 0.90, respectively.The AUC of serum CRP in patients with CD and UC were 0.65 and 0.74, respectively.When combined FNP with FCP, the AUC in pa-tients with CD and UC were 0.85 and 0.92, respectively. Conclusion FNP is a novel reliable and non-invasive biomarker to evalu-ate clinical disease activity in patients with IBD as accurate as FCP, It is advisable to combine FNP with FCP to evaluate disease activi-ty in patients with IBD.

Background:Peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)is a novel minimally invasive endoscopic technique for treatment of esophageal achalasia(EA). It has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in several short-term clinical studies, however,studies focusing on its mid- and long-term outcome are rare. Aims:To investigate the mid-and-long term efficacy of POEM in EA patients. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed in 41 EA patients who underwent POEM in the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region from Jul. 2012 to Dec. 2013. All these patients were followed up periodically for clinical symptoms(Eckardt score),maximum esophageal diameter and lower esophageal sphincter pressure(LESP),and the intra- and post-operative complications and recurrence were recorded. Results:POEM was successfully completed in all 41 EA patients,the mean operative time was(69. 5 ± 20. 6)min(range 35-125 min),and the mean length of hospital stay was 3. 5 days. Compared with the pre-operative data,the post-operative Eckardt score,maximum esophageal diameter and LESP during follow-up(mean 26. 3 months, range 19-36 months)were significantly decreased(P all < 0. 05). Procedure-related complications were seen in 6 patients (14. 6% );the clinical success rate was 95. 1%(39 / 41)and the recurrence rate was 2. 4%(1 / 41). Conclusions:POEM is safe and effective in mid-and-long term follow-up with low recurrence rate. It might become the first-line therapy for EA,and the long-term efficacy and complications need further follow-up study.