Objective To study the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in synovia and synovium of rats after high intensity exercise.Methods 24 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and high intensity group, and the latter were forced to run 60 min at the speed of 28 m/min for 6 weeks. The histological changes of cartilage from the lesion areas of medial femoral condyle and synovium of knee joint were examined with HE stain and the expression of IL-1β in synovium with immunohistochemistry, in synovial fluid with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The articular cartilage of knee were injured and synovitis were found in high intensity group. The expression of IL-1β both in synovial fluid and in synovium of the knee were more in high intensity group than in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion High intensity exercise could cause aticular cartilage injury, synovitis and over expression of IL-1β in synovia and synovium, which may associated with post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Objective To discuss the application of allowable total error (Tea) and allowable imprecision derived from biological variation in routine chemistry external quality assessment ( EQA) and internal quality control (IQC) and set up quality specifications of routine chemistry in our country.Methods Data of test items including K,Na,CI,Ca,P,Glu,Urea,UA,Cre,Alb,TP,TC,TG,AST,ALT,Tbil,ALP,AMY,CK,LDH,Fe,Mg,Cu,Zn and GGT was collected and evaluated by a nationwide EQA.At the same time the coefficients of variation (CVs) of these test items during the month were acquired from the IQC reports of each laboratory and then the results were analyzed.Results Percent of pass was different in these test items based on Tea derived from biological variation in EQA results.Except for items of CI,Mg,Cu and Zn,about 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the minimum performance of biological variation.About 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the desired performance of biological variation for K,P,Glu,Urea,UA,Cre,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,AMY,CK,LDH,Fe and GGT.About 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the optimum performance of biological variation for Urea,UA,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,C K,and GGT.And the IQC results showed that acceptable percents of different items based on three allowable imprecision were different.More than 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the minimum allowable imprecision for K,P,Glu,Urea,UA,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,AMY,CK,LDH,Dbil,Fe,GGT,the desirable imprecision for P,Urea,UA,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,CK,Dbil,Fe,GGT and the optimum imprecision for TG,ALT,CK,Dbil,Fe.Conclusions The quality specifications derived from biological variation can be as evaluation criteria for EQA and IQC in order to know the detection ability of each laboratory more completely and objectively,set up quality specifications derived from allowable total error and allowable imprecision in routine chemistry and to provide basis for mutual recognition of routine chemistry test results.

Objective To study the high risk factors of anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery ,so as to provide evidence for the prevention of anastomotic leakage. Methods Fifty-three patients with anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery of 916 cases were selected as research objects,then the correlation between systemic factors,local factors and occurrence of anastomotic leakage was analyzed and studied. Results The correlation between age, ASA grade, serum hemoglobin, red blood cell, total protein, fasting blood glucose of systemic factors except for sex and occurrence of anastomotic leakage was obvious (P< 0.05). There was correlation between the methods of anastomosis, anastomotic tension, setting position of drainage tube, intestinal obstruction, abdominal infection and degree of tumor differentiation except for with or without chemotherapy and radiotherapy and occurrence of anastomotic leakage(P < 0.05). Conclusion The high risk factors of anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery are multiple,and well various work should be done during perioperative period.

Objective To screen out the individuals at high cognitive risk by using the weakest link theory,and explore the characters of the cognitive emotion regulation.Methods 600 undergraduate students were tested with cognitive style questionnaire,general social and academic hassles scale,center for epidemiologic studies depression scale,and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire.Results There were significant differences between individuals of high and low cognitive risk in self-blame (13.32 ± 2.12) vs (12.45 ± 2.27),rumination,catastrophizing,blaming others,positive refocusing and positive reappraising.Catastrophizing,generality,rumination,positive reappraising,stress,self-blame,and self could predict 34.2％ of depression.Conclusion There are differences between individuals of high and low cognitive risk in cognitive emotion regulation.Catastrophizing,generality,rumination,positive reappraising,stress,self-blame,and self are the main predictors of depression.

Objective To investigate the effects of intra-articular hyaluronan(HA)injection on the expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)in synovium of strenuous running rats,and investigate the possibility of predicting the effectiveness of HA based on COMP in synovium.Methods 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,strenuous running group and strenuous running group and HA injection group.Strenuous running group and HA injection group were intra- articularly injected with HA once a week for 5 consecutive weeks.The histological changes of synovium of knee joint was examined by H.E.staining and immunohistochemical expression of COMP in three groups after 6 weeks' strenuous running.Results Synovial inflammation was less severe in strenuous running and HA injection group than strenuous running group(t =7.15,P ＜0.01).The immunohistochemical expression of COMP in rats'synovium of knee joint in strenuous running and HA injection group was significantly lower than that in rats'synovium in strenuous running group(t = 6.30,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Intra- articular HA injection suppressed synovitis,and the expression of COMP in synovium could be used to predict the effectiveness of HA.

ObjectiveTo describe upper and lower limits and their sources of reference intervals in routine chemistry assays and to make a comparison between routine and dry chemistry in these aspects.MethodsThe data of reference intervals were collected,which come from the third run of 2010 External Quality Assessment (EQA) programs in routine and dry chemistry performed by National Center for Clinical Laboratories(NCCL).All data from maternal and child care service center,children's hospital and corporations were excluded.Then all the abnormal values and errors (for instance,the lower limit was higher than the upper one or the upper limit was as the same as the lower one,etc.) were eliminated,either.Data statistics was performed by SPSS 13.0 referring to upper and lower limits of reference intervals and sources of 24 routine chemistry assays ( including serum potassium and serum sodium,etc).Comparison was made between routine and dry chemistry in these aspects in 23 assays.Data from adult men were reported when gender difference was present.ResultsThe three main sources of reference intervals were National Guide to Clinical LaboratoryProcedures, instructions of reagent manufacturesanddetermined by their own laboratory.In comparison of reference intervals between routine and dry chemistry,6 assays had statistical significant difference in both upper limits and lower ones while,4 assays in one-sided limits and 13 assays were not statistically significant in both limits.Conclusions The reference intervals of routine chemistry have big differences among institutions and the sources of them are various.Only a few assays have statistical significant difference in routine and dry chemistry among medical institutions,it might be discussed in further study whether the statistical results have clinical values.In order to achieve the result agreement among clinical assays,all the laboratories must share the common reference intervals on the basis of standardization.

AIM: To assess the relative agreement of GAT and NCT in IOP measurement by comparing the differences between Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and non-contact tonometer (NCT) in intraocular pressure (IOP) detection.METHODS: IOP of 529 eyes of 265 volunteers were measured with both NCT and GAT, respectively.RESULTS: The measurement results of NCT were lower than that of GAT, there was significant difference between the IOP measured with NCT and GAT (19.13 vs23.43, t=22.644, P＜0.05). With the increasing of IOP values, the difference magnitude was greater, especially in IOP group that was more than 30mmHg, but the correlation coefficient became lower.CONCLUSION: The measurement results with NCT are lower than that of GAT. When the IOP with the NCT is in borderline value, it need be corrected with GAT, in order to discover the pathologically elevated IOP and avoid the misdiagnosis and mistreatment of glaucoma.

Objective To verify the feasibility of discriminating tissue types in the anterior approach of the cervical spine by the Electrical impedance (EI) and decrease the rate of severe complications.Methods Six New Zealand white rabbits and 6 mini-pigs were performed standard anterior cervical surgery.The esophagus,carotid artery,tracheal cartilage,annular ligaments of trachea,longus colli muscle and anterior longitudinal ligament are classified as the prevertebral group;The cortical bone,cancellous bone,anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus are classified as the vertebral group.Once all the tissues were exposed completely,over the frequency range of 200-3 000 kHz (the frequency points were 200 kHz,400 kHz,600 kHz,800 kHz,1 000 kHz,2 000 kHz,3 000 kHz),the in vivo EI of prevertebral group and vertebral group were measured by a probe and a precision inductance-capacitance-resistance (LCR) meter;then the data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software.At every frequency,Kruskal-Wallis test followed by all pairwise multiple comparisons was applied for all the four groups (the prevertebral group of rabbits,the vertebral group of rabbits,the prevertebral group of mini-pigs,and the vertebral group of mini-pigs),respectively.P values ＜ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results At every frequency,the results of Kruskal-Wallis test for all the four groups were significant,and the results of multiple comparisons were as follows.(1) In both miniature experimental animals and large experimental animals,the EI of the vertebral group tissues was significantly different at every investigated frequency (multiple comparisons).(2) In the miniature experimental animals,the EI between longus colli muscle and esophagus,carotid artery and annular ligaments of trachea,and tracheal cartilage and anterior longitudinal ligament had no significant difference at any frequency (multiple comparisons);significant difference could not be detected in the EI between anterior longitudinal ligament and annular ligaments of trachea at the frequencies of 2000-3 000 kHz (multiple comparisonsk) and could be detected at the frequencies of 200-1 000 kHz (multiple comparisons);for comparison of all other paired tissues of prevertebral group there were significant differences at all frequencies (multiple comparisonsk).(3) In the large experimental animals,the EI between longus colli muscle and esophagus,carotid artery and annular ligaments of trachea,and tracheal cartilage and anterior longitudinal ligament had no significant difference at any frequency (multiple comparisons),the same was true for the EI between annular ligaments of trachea and esophagus,carotid artery and anterior longitudinal ligament,and longus colli muscle and annular ligaments of trachea at the frequencies of 800-3 000 kHz,3 000 kHz and 3 000 kHz (multiple comparisons),respectively;for comparison of all other paired tissues of prevertebral group there were significant differences at all frequencies (multiple comparisons).Conclusion At certain frequencies,the EI among tissues was significantly different and could discriminate tissues in the anterior approach of the cervical spine.

Objective To explore the clinical the efficacy of large diameter esophagogastric internal fistula combined with fundoplication and modified Heller surgery for treatment of achalasia.Methods From June 2008 to March 2014,18 patients diagnosed as achalasia were se-lected into this suty,and they were divided into the observation group (8 cases)and the control group (10 cases).Patients of the observation group were received large diameter esophagogastric internal fistula combined with fundoplication while patients of the control group received modified Heller surgery.Compared the surgical curative effect and complications between the two groups.Results All the 18 patients suc-cessfully completed the arranged surgical treatment.The imaging examination 3 months after the operation showed that the contrast agent suc-cessfully passed through the esophagus,cardia and the anastomosis,and then went into the gastric lumen.The total effective rate was 100% in the observation group 12 months after operation,while it was 60% in the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statisti-cally significant (P =0.014).The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P =0.026).Conclusion Large diameter esophagogastric internal fistula combined with fundoplication for treat-ment of achalasia is safer,and there is a possibiltiy to cure the achalasia.

Objective To explore the prevalence and physician's recognition of depression and anxiety disorder in gastrointestinal out-patients of three tertiary general hospitals in Beijing. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the gastrointestinal out-patient departments of three tertiary general hospitals in Beijing from May to June 2007. Total 517 subjects were recruited consecutively within a one month period. All the subjects were screened with Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). The subjects with HADS score of 8 and over were interviewed and diagnosed by psychiatrists using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The physicians made the diagnosis and management without knowing the results of MINI and HADS score. Results Among the 517 cases, 301 had a HADS score of 8 and above and 244 were interviewed by psychiatrists; the response rate was 81.1%. The prevalence according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth edition of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders in gastrointestinal outpatients were 15.3%, depressive disorders were 12. 0%, anxiety disorders were 6. 4%, depression combined anxiety disorder was 3. 0%. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, depression combined anxiety were not different between genders (x2 = 0. 874, x2 = 1.797,x2 =0.518, P >0.05) and among different age group ( 18-34, 35-54, ≥55 years old) (x2 = 1. 084,2 = 2. 735, 2 = 0. 350, P 0. 05 ). Gastritis and gastrointestinal dysfunction were the major diagnoses in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders, the rates were 30. 6% and 26. 4% respectively. The rate of identification of depression and anxiety disorder by physicians was 2. 8%. Conclusion Gastrointestinal out-patients have a high prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder and the rate of identification by physicians was very low.