Objective To study the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in synovia and synovium of rats after high intensity exercise.Methods 24 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and high intensity group, and the latter were forced to run 60 min at the speed of 28 m/min for 6 weeks. The histological changes of cartilage from the lesion areas of medial femoral condyle and synovium of knee joint were examined with HE stain and the expression of IL-1β in synovium with immunohistochemistry, in synovial fluid with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The articular cartilage of knee were injured and synovitis were found in high intensity group. The expression of IL-1β both in synovial fluid and in synovium of the knee were more in high intensity group than in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion High intensity exercise could cause aticular cartilage injury, synovitis and over expression of IL-1β in synovia and synovium, which may associated with post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Objective To discuss the application of allowable total error (Tea) and allowable imprecision derived from biological variation in routine chemistry external quality assessment ( EQA) and internal quality control (IQC) and set up quality specifications of routine chemistry in our country.Methods Data of test items including K,Na,CI,Ca,P,Glu,Urea,UA,Cre,Alb,TP,TC,TG,AST,ALT,Tbil,ALP,AMY,CK,LDH,Fe,Mg,Cu,Zn and GGT was collected and evaluated by a nationwide EQA.At the same time the coefficients of variation (CVs) of these test items during the month were acquired from the IQC reports of each laboratory and then the results were analyzed.Results Percent of pass was different in these test items based on Tea derived from biological variation in EQA results.Except for items of CI,Mg,Cu and Zn,about 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the minimum performance of biological variation.About 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the desired performance of biological variation for K,P,Glu,Urea,UA,Cre,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,AMY,CK,LDH,Fe and GGT.About 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the optimum performance of biological variation for Urea,UA,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,C K,and GGT.And the IQC results showed that acceptable percents of different items based on three allowable imprecision were different.More than 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the minimum allowable imprecision for K,P,Glu,Urea,UA,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,AMY,CK,LDH,Dbil,Fe,GGT,the desirable imprecision for P,Urea,UA,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,CK,Dbil,Fe,GGT and the optimum imprecision for TG,ALT,CK,Dbil,Fe.Conclusions The quality specifications derived from biological variation can be as evaluation criteria for EQA and IQC in order to know the detection ability of each laboratory more completely and objectively,set up quality specifications derived from allowable total error and allowable imprecision in routine chemistry and to provide basis for mutual recognition of routine chemistry test results.

Objective To screen out the individuals at high cognitive risk by using the weakest link theory,and explore the characters of the cognitive emotion regulation.Methods 600 undergraduate students were tested with cognitive style questionnaire,general social and academic hassles scale,center for epidemiologic studies depression scale,and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire.Results There were significant differences between individuals of high and low cognitive risk in self-blame (13.32 ± 2.12) vs (12.45 ± 2.27),rumination,catastrophizing,blaming others,positive refocusing and positive reappraising.Catastrophizing,generality,rumination,positive reappraising,stress,self-blame,and self could predict 34.2％ of depression.Conclusion There are differences between individuals of high and low cognitive risk in cognitive emotion regulation.Catastrophizing,generality,rumination,positive reappraising,stress,self-blame,and self are the main predictors of depression.

Objective To study the high risk factors of anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery ,so as to provide evidence for the prevention of anastomotic leakage. Methods Fifty-three patients with anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery of 916 cases were selected as research objects,then the correlation between systemic factors,local factors and occurrence of anastomotic leakage was analyzed and studied. Results The correlation between age, ASA grade, serum hemoglobin, red blood cell, total protein, fasting blood glucose of systemic factors except for sex and occurrence of anastomotic leakage was obvious (P< 0.05). There was correlation between the methods of anastomosis, anastomotic tension, setting position of drainage tube, intestinal obstruction, abdominal infection and degree of tumor differentiation except for with or without chemotherapy and radiotherapy and occurrence of anastomotic leakage(P < 0.05). Conclusion The high risk factors of anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery are multiple,and well various work should be done during perioperative period.

Objective To investigate the effects of intra-articular hyaluronan(HA)injection on the expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)in synovium of strenuous running rats,and investigate the possibility of predicting the effectiveness of HA based on COMP in synovium.Methods 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,strenuous running group and strenuous running group and HA injection group.Strenuous running group and HA injection group were intra- articularly injected with HA once a week for 5 consecutive weeks.The histological changes of synovium of knee joint was examined by H.E.staining and immunohistochemical expression of COMP in three groups after 6 weeks' strenuous running.Results Synovial inflammation was less severe in strenuous running and HA injection group than strenuous running group(t =7.15,P ＜0.01).The immunohistochemical expression of COMP in rats'synovium of knee joint in strenuous running and HA injection group was significantly lower than that in rats'synovium in strenuous running group(t = 6.30,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Intra- articular HA injection suppressed synovitis,and the expression of COMP in synovium could be used to predict the effectiveness of HA.

The present study aims to investigate the kinetic histocytochemical changes of acupoints in different condition. The expression of tryptase (+) mast cells, histamine (HA) , serotonin (5-HT) and nociceptive neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were observed by immunohistochemistry combined with confocal technology. Mast cells were labeled with anti-mast cell tryptase antibody and simultaneously with HA or 5-HT primary antibodies to observe their co-expression. The results showed that: (1) SP and CGRP were expressed more highly on the cutaneous nerve fibers of "Hegu" (LI 4) after acupuncture stimulation than that of the control. Mast cells aggregated in close proximity to the blood vessels in intra-epidermis and dermis, and some of them with degranulation in the lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue of "Hegu" (LI 4). Both mast cells and their granules appeared with HA (+) and 5-HT (+) expression at stimulated LI 4 sites, while a few intact mast cells with a little expression of 5-HT and HA were distributed in areas of non-stimulated Ll 4. (2) The acupoints in different locations such as Baihui (GV 20), Weishu (BL 21), Zhongwan (CV 12) and LI 4 had the same constituent but the contents were different. (3) The histocytochemical responses of acupoints sensitized by the Gastric mucosa injury (GMI) were also investigated. GMI resulted in neurogenic plasma extravasation by Evans Blue (EB) in the skin of the acupoints over the back and abdomen, which mostly occurred in the T9-T11 dermatomere. The EB extravasation dots just like acupoints sensitization appeared after GMI and disappeared gradually during the natural self-recovery of the gastric mucosa. More SP and CGRP positive nerve fibers were distributed in EB dots than in regions beside EB dots and in the control, mostly distributed in the nerve fibers around both the vessels and root of hair follicle. Mast cells also aggregated and degranulated to release algogenic substances of 5-HT and HA around the vessels in areas of the EB dots. Collectively the acupoints displayed the same histocytochemical responses due to either acupuncture stimulation or GMI. This may potentially be the histocytochemical basis in the local acupoints and acupoints displayed kinetic changes in different condition.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Gastric Mucosa ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Mast Cells ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Mice ; Rats ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Skin ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Substance P ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo describe upper and lower limits and their sources of reference intervals in routine chemistry assays and to make a comparison between routine and dry chemistry in these aspects.MethodsThe data of reference intervals were collected,which come from the third run of 2010 External Quality Assessment (EQA) programs in routine and dry chemistry performed by National Center for Clinical Laboratories(NCCL).All data from maternal and child care service center,children's hospital and corporations were excluded.Then all the abnormal values and errors (for instance,the lower limit was higher than the upper one or the upper limit was as the same as the lower one,etc.) were eliminated,either.Data statistics was performed by SPSS 13.0 referring to upper and lower limits of reference intervals and sources of 24 routine chemistry assays ( including serum potassium and serum sodium,etc).Comparison was made between routine and dry chemistry in these aspects in 23 assays.Data from adult men were reported when gender difference was present.ResultsThe three main sources of reference intervals were National Guide to Clinical LaboratoryProcedures, instructions of reagent manufacturesanddetermined by their own laboratory.In comparison of reference intervals between routine and dry chemistry,6 assays had statistical significant difference in both upper limits and lower ones while,4 assays in one-sided limits and 13 assays were not statistically significant in both limits.Conclusions The reference intervals of routine chemistry have big differences among institutions and the sources of them are various.Only a few assays have statistical significant difference in routine and dry chemistry among medical institutions,it might be discussed in further study whether the statistical results have clinical values.In order to achieve the result agreement among clinical assays,all the laboratories must share the common reference intervals on the basis of standardization.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of multiple tumor markers in the early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods 165 patients with histopathologically confirmed cholangiocarcinoma and 25 patients with gallstone canceration were enrolled in this study.36 patients with gallstones and 46 patients with bile duct stenosis were enrolled as controls.The determinations of multiple tumor markers,including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),CA125,CA153,CA242,CA19-9,alpha-fIetoprotein (AFP) and Ferritin,of all subjects and the imageological determinations of all the patients with cholangiocarcinoma and with gallstone canceration were analysed retrospectively.Comparisons between the groups were performed using the likelihood ratio test of the Chi-square test.Results CA19-9 had the highest sensitivity and specificity (83.6％ and 96.3％ respectively) for cholangiocarcinoma,and CA242 had a high sensitivity for gallstone canceration though it was not so sensitive in cholangiocarcinoma.Multiple tumor markers increased the sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.Compared with imageological determinations,multiple tumor markers had a higher sensitivity for the early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma with a tumor mass ＜1 cm.Conclusion Multiple tumor markers have important clinical values in the early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To assess the role of health education in outcomes of diabetes mellitus among high-risk populations.Methods The community physicians who participated this investigation received standardized training,and 307 community residents at high risk of developing diabetes obtained three-month intense health education and nine-month follow-up study.Paired t-test,and Analysis of Variance were used for data analysis.Results After systematic health education,professional level of community physicians was improved.Cognitive level of health knowledge was also significantly improved (5.5 vs 12.6,t=-28.511,P＜0.05).In addition,health knowledge of variant age (F=4.036,P＜0.05),education level (F=15.27,P＜0.05) and occupation (F=9.80,P＜0.05) subgroups was significantly increased.In comparison with baselines,the scores of each age subgroups (F=0.204,P＞0.05) showed no significant differences,although scores of different education level (F=4.71,P＜0.05) and occupation (F=4.87,P＜0.05) subgroups were significantly different.The risk factors of diabetes were effectively controlled.Conclusions Health education should be the key to health management of diabetes,which plays important roles in improving cognitive level of health knowledge among populations at high risk of developing diabetes and reducing the incidence of this condition.

Objective To explore the clinical the efficacy of large diameter esophagogastric internal fistula combined with fundoplication and modified Heller surgery for treatment of achalasia.Methods From June 2008 to March 2014,18 patients diagnosed as achalasia were se-lected into this suty,and they were divided into the observation group (8 cases)and the control group (10 cases).Patients of the observation group were received large diameter esophagogastric internal fistula combined with fundoplication while patients of the control group received modified Heller surgery.Compared the surgical curative effect and complications between the two groups.Results All the 18 patients suc-cessfully completed the arranged surgical treatment.The imaging examination 3 months after the operation showed that the contrast agent suc-cessfully passed through the esophagus,cardia and the anastomosis,and then went into the gastric lumen.The total effective rate was 100% in the observation group 12 months after operation,while it was 60% in the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statisti-cally significant (P =0.014).The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P =0.026).Conclusion Large diameter esophagogastric internal fistula combined with fundoplication for treat-ment of achalasia is safer,and there is a possibiltiy to cure the achalasia.