Objective To study the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in synovia and synovium of rats after high intensity exercise.Methods 24 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and high intensity group, and the latter were forced to run 60 min at the speed of 28 m/min for 6 weeks. The histological changes of cartilage from the lesion areas of medial femoral condyle and synovium of knee joint were examined with HE stain and the expression of IL-1β in synovium with immunohistochemistry, in synovial fluid with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The articular cartilage of knee were injured and synovitis were found in high intensity group. The expression of IL-1β both in synovial fluid and in synovium of the knee were more in high intensity group than in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion High intensity exercise could cause aticular cartilage injury, synovitis and over expression of IL-1β in synovia and synovium, which may associated with post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Objective To screen out the individuals at high cognitive risk by using the weakest link theory,and explore the characters of the cognitive emotion regulation.Methods 600 undergraduate students were tested with cognitive style questionnaire,general social and academic hassles scale,center for epidemiologic studies depression scale,and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire.Results There were significant differences between individuals of high and low cognitive risk in self-blame (13.32 ± 2.12) vs (12.45 ± 2.27),rumination,catastrophizing,blaming others,positive refocusing and positive reappraising.Catastrophizing,generality,rumination,positive reappraising,stress,self-blame,and self could predict 34.2％ of depression.Conclusion There are differences between individuals of high and low cognitive risk in cognitive emotion regulation.Catastrophizing,generality,rumination,positive reappraising,stress,self-blame,and self are the main predictors of depression.

Objective To discuss the application of allowable total error (Tea) and allowable imprecision derived from biological variation in routine chemistry external quality assessment ( EQA) and internal quality control (IQC) and set up quality specifications of routine chemistry in our country.Methods Data of test items including K,Na,CI,Ca,P,Glu,Urea,UA,Cre,Alb,TP,TC,TG,AST,ALT,Tbil,ALP,AMY,CK,LDH,Fe,Mg,Cu,Zn and GGT was collected and evaluated by a nationwide EQA.At the same time the coefficients of variation (CVs) of these test items during the month were acquired from the IQC reports of each laboratory and then the results were analyzed.Results Percent of pass was different in these test items based on Tea derived from biological variation in EQA results.Except for items of CI,Mg,Cu and Zn,about 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the minimum performance of biological variation.About 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the desired performance of biological variation for K,P,Glu,Urea,UA,Cre,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,AMY,CK,LDH,Fe and GGT.About 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the optimum performance of biological variation for Urea,UA,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,C K,and GGT.And the IQC results showed that acceptable percents of different items based on three allowable imprecision were different.More than 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the minimum allowable imprecision for K,P,Glu,Urea,UA,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,AMY,CK,LDH,Dbil,Fe,GGT,the desirable imprecision for P,Urea,UA,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,CK,Dbil,Fe,GGT and the optimum imprecision for TG,ALT,CK,Dbil,Fe.Conclusions The quality specifications derived from biological variation can be as evaluation criteria for EQA and IQC in order to know the detection ability of each laboratory more completely and objectively,set up quality specifications derived from allowable total error and allowable imprecision in routine chemistry and to provide basis for mutual recognition of routine chemistry test results.

Objective To investigate the effects of intra-articular hyaluronan(HA)injection on the expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)in synovium of strenuous running rats,and investigate the possibility of predicting the effectiveness of HA based on COMP in synovium.Methods 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,strenuous running group and strenuous running group and HA injection group.Strenuous running group and HA injection group were intra- articularly injected with HA once a week for 5 consecutive weeks.The histological changes of synovium of knee joint was examined by H.E.staining and immunohistochemical expression of COMP in three groups after 6 weeks' strenuous running.Results Synovial inflammation was less severe in strenuous running and HA injection group than strenuous running group(t =7.15,P ＜0.01).The immunohistochemical expression of COMP in rats'synovium of knee joint in strenuous running and HA injection group was significantly lower than that in rats'synovium in strenuous running group(t = 6.30,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Intra- articular HA injection suppressed synovitis,and the expression of COMP in synovium could be used to predict the effectiveness of HA.

Objective To study the high risk factors of anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery ,so as to provide evidence for the prevention of anastomotic leakage. Methods Fifty-three patients with anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery of 916 cases were selected as research objects,then the correlation between systemic factors,local factors and occurrence of anastomotic leakage was analyzed and studied. Results The correlation between age, ASA grade, serum hemoglobin, red blood cell, total protein, fasting blood glucose of systemic factors except for sex and occurrence of anastomotic leakage was obvious (P< 0.05). There was correlation between the methods of anastomosis, anastomotic tension, setting position of drainage tube, intestinal obstruction, abdominal infection and degree of tumor differentiation except for with or without chemotherapy and radiotherapy and occurrence of anastomotic leakage(P < 0.05). Conclusion The high risk factors of anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery are multiple,and well various work should be done during perioperative period.

The present study aims to investigate the kinetic histocytochemical changes of acupoints in different condition. The expression of tryptase (+) mast cells, histamine (HA) , serotonin (5-HT) and nociceptive neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were observed by immunohistochemistry combined with confocal technology. Mast cells were labeled with anti-mast cell tryptase antibody and simultaneously with HA or 5-HT primary antibodies to observe their co-expression. The results showed that: (1) SP and CGRP were expressed more highly on the cutaneous nerve fibers of "Hegu" (LI 4) after acupuncture stimulation than that of the control. Mast cells aggregated in close proximity to the blood vessels in intra-epidermis and dermis, and some of them with degranulation in the lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue of "Hegu" (LI 4). Both mast cells and their granules appeared with HA (+) and 5-HT (+) expression at stimulated LI 4 sites, while a few intact mast cells with a little expression of 5-HT and HA were distributed in areas of non-stimulated Ll 4. (2) The acupoints in different locations such as Baihui (GV 20), Weishu (BL 21), Zhongwan (CV 12) and LI 4 had the same constituent but the contents were different. (3) The histocytochemical responses of acupoints sensitized by the Gastric mucosa injury (GMI) were also investigated. GMI resulted in neurogenic plasma extravasation by Evans Blue (EB) in the skin of the acupoints over the back and abdomen, which mostly occurred in the T9-T11 dermatomere. The EB extravasation dots just like acupoints sensitization appeared after GMI and disappeared gradually during the natural self-recovery of the gastric mucosa. More SP and CGRP positive nerve fibers were distributed in EB dots than in regions beside EB dots and in the control, mostly distributed in the nerve fibers around both the vessels and root of hair follicle. Mast cells also aggregated and degranulated to release algogenic substances of 5-HT and HA around the vessels in areas of the EB dots. Collectively the acupoints displayed the same histocytochemical responses due to either acupuncture stimulation or GMI. This may potentially be the histocytochemical basis in the local acupoints and acupoints displayed kinetic changes in different condition.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Gastric Mucosa ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Mast Cells ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Mice ; Rats ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Skin ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Substance P ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of multiple tumor markers in the early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods 165 patients with histopathologically confirmed cholangiocarcinoma and 25 patients with gallstone canceration were enrolled in this study.36 patients with gallstones and 46 patients with bile duct stenosis were enrolled as controls.The determinations of multiple tumor markers,including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),CA125,CA153,CA242,CA19-9,alpha-fIetoprotein (AFP) and Ferritin,of all subjects and the imageological determinations of all the patients with cholangiocarcinoma and with gallstone canceration were analysed retrospectively.Comparisons between the groups were performed using the likelihood ratio test of the Chi-square test.Results CA19-9 had the highest sensitivity and specificity (83.6％ and 96.3％ respectively) for cholangiocarcinoma,and CA242 had a high sensitivity for gallstone canceration though it was not so sensitive in cholangiocarcinoma.Multiple tumor markers increased the sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.Compared with imageological determinations,multiple tumor markers had a higher sensitivity for the early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma with a tumor mass ＜1 cm.Conclusion Multiple tumor markers have important clinical values in the early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To explore the associations between coagulation factor Ⅶ (FⅦ)polymorphisms and its haplotype with risk of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases (ICVD) in Henan Han population. Methods Five hundred and twelve cases with ICVD as patient group and 560 healthy subjects as control were recruited in the study. The polymorphisms of R353Q, 5'F7 and IVS7 were detected by PCR-RFLP. The genotype frequency and allele gene frequency were compared between ICVD group and control group. The haplotype was analyzed by SHEsis software. Results The RQ genotype frequencies and Q allele frequencies of ICVD group were significantly lower than those of control group. The distribution of H7 allele frequencies and H6H7 genotype frequencies of FⅦ/IVS7 polymorphisms had significant difference between ICVD group and control group. Finally, the prevalence of R-P0-H6 haplotype in ICVD group(53. 3% )was higher than that in control group (47.5%, OR = 1. 219, 95% CI 1. 028-1. 446,P =0.023). Conclusions In Henan Han population, the Q allele of F Ⅶ/R353Q polymorphisms and the H7 allele of F Ⅶ/IVS7 polymorphisms may be protective genetic factors against ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and the R-P0-H6 haplotype may be a risk factor of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To compare the efficacy of the conventional PPD skin test and a new enzymelinked immunospot assay(TSPOT-TB)for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)in patients with rheumatic diseases.Methods Two hundred and sixty rheumatic patients were enrolled,and all were screened for LTBI based on clinical history,chest X-ray,PPD skin test or TSPOT.Results The positive rate of TSPOT assay was 24.1%and that of PPD skin test was 39.4%.The overall concordance rate between the 2tests was 61.0%.Among PPD negative patients (n=149).29 were TSPOT(+)(19.5%).Among PPD(+)patients(n=98),69 were TSPOT(-)(70.0%).The patients who got BCG vaccination or had history of tuberculosis infection showed a significantly higher rate of positive result of PPD skin test than those who did not (P<0.05 or P<0.01).While in TSPOT assay,the BCG vaccination or history of tuberculosis infection did not show influence on TSPOT results(P>0.05).Of the 127 patients who received biological agents after screening for LTBI,9 patients were pretreated with isoniazide.Twenty-seven patients stopped biological agent treatment because of the positive results of PPD or TSPOT.Twenty three patients who had positive PPD but negative TSPOT results received biological agent treatment without isoniazide,and none of them developed active tubereulosis after 6 to 18 months of follow-up.Conclusion BCG vaccination affects the result of PPD test in rheumatic patients,but has no influence on TSPOT results.The infection rate of latent tuberculosis of rheumatic patients in our research is 23.8%detected by TSPOT.

Objective To explore the prevalence and physician's recognition of depression and anxiety disorder in gastrointestinal out-patients of three tertiary general hospitals in Beijing. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the gastrointestinal out-patient departments of three tertiary general hospitals in Beijing from May to June 2007. Total 517 subjects were recruited consecutively within a one month period. All the subjects were screened with Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). The subjects with HADS score of 8 and over were interviewed and diagnosed by psychiatrists using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The physicians made the diagnosis and management without knowing the results of MINI and HADS score. Results Among the 517 cases, 301 had a HADS score of 8 and above and 244 were interviewed by psychiatrists; the response rate was 81.1%. The prevalence according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth edition of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders in gastrointestinal outpatients were 15.3%, depressive disorders were 12. 0%, anxiety disorders were 6. 4%, depression combined anxiety disorder was 3. 0%. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, depression combined anxiety were not different between genders (x2 = 0. 874, x2 = 1.797,x2 =0.518, P >0.05) and among different age group ( 18-34, 35-54, ≥55 years old) (x2 = 1. 084,2 = 2. 735, 2 = 0. 350, P 0. 05 ). Gastritis and gastrointestinal dysfunction were the major diagnoses in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders, the rates were 30. 6% and 26. 4% respectively. The rate of identification of depression and anxiety disorder by physicians was 2. 8%. Conclusion Gastrointestinal out-patients have a high prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder and the rate of identification by physicians was very low.