Objective Pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility in children with bacterial meningitis were reviewed.Methods The positive cultures of cerebrospinal fluid samples or blood samples and its antimicrobial susceptibility were analyzed in 401 patients with the clinical diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.Results 401 cases cerebrospinal fluid samples and blood samples submitted to microbiology laboratory, 97 cases (24%) were microscopically and culturally proven to be bacterial meningitis. The most frequent pathogen was staphylococcus aureus (28%), followed by the streptococcus pneumoniae (19%) and escherichia coli (13%). Pediococci as conditioned pathogen, were found in purulent meningitis patients. One of the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was simultaneously resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin. Three isolates showed simultaneous resistance to imipenem/cilastatin.Conclusions Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant pathogens of pediatric ranks first among pediatric patients of purulent meningitis. Serious drug resistance of isolated pathogenic bacteria and its in antimicrobial susceptibility in the bacterial meningitis should be considered in clinical therapy.

Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases ; deficiency ; genetics ; Mutation

Objective To investigate if the relative ratio between C1q and C3a, C5a had a relationship with the extent of coronary artery disease ( CAD) which had never been evaluated in humans.Methods Fifty-three patients scheduled for elective percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) from February, 2016 to April, 2016 at Fuwai hospital were prospectively enrolled.According to the clinical and angiographic characters patients were divided into two groups:acute coronary syndrome ( ACS) group ( n=24), and control group (n=29, 19 patients with stable angina and 10 patients without CAD confirmed by angiography).In all individuals, fasting venous blood was collected by EDTA tubes after admission and strictly before PCI.The plasma level of C1q was measured by immune turbidimetric analysis, C3a and C5a were measured by ELISA tests.Differences between groups were assessed using t test, Mann-Whitney Utests, chi-squared test or Fisher exact test depending on the type of data respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the adjusted effect of C1q, C3a, C5a, C1q/C3a and C1q/C5a on ACS.Results Compared with control group, ACS group has an elevated circulation level of C3a (4 531.14 μg/L vs.4 179.95 μg/L, t=1.381,P=0.173) and C5a (6.44 μg/L vs.4.42 μg/L, t=0.133, P=0.108) but a decreased level of C1q (176.98 μg/ml vs.200.60 μg/ml, t=-2.022, P=0.048).The relative ratio of C1q/C3a was significantly decreased in ACS patients(4.05 ×10 -2 vs.4.97 × 10 -2 , t=-2.484, P=0.016).According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, lower relative ratio of C1q/C3a level proved to be independently associated with ACS ( OR=0.937, P=0.047, 95% CI:0.879-0.998).Conclusions The decreased relative ratio of C1q/C3a level proved to be independently associated with ACS.C1q/C3a ratio could be used as an important index reflecting the complement system homeostasis status which might have potential clinical value in evaluating the prognosis of patients with CAD.

Objective To observe the improvement of postoperative pulmonary function and oxygen partial pressure during general anesthesia for open abdominal surgery with lung protective ventilation strategies and alveolar recruitment maneuvers. Methods Seventy patients who underwent selective open abdominal surgery were selected, and they were divided into standard ventilation group (tidal volume 8 ml/kg) and protective ventilation group (tidal volume 6 ml/kg, 5 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure, and alveolar recruitment maneuvers, 1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) according to the random digits table method with 35 cases each. The airway pressure, blood pressure, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and adverse reactions were observed. The SpO2, partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) and pulmonary function before surgery and 1, 3, 5 d after surgery were measured. Results The respiratory rate, airway pressure and PETCO2 levels in protective ventilation group were significantly higher than those in standard ventilation group: (12.3 ± 2.1) times/min vs. (10.2 ± 1.0) times/min, (15.1 ± 2.8) cmH2O vs. (13.5 ± 2.3) cmH2O, (34.6 ± 2.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (32.1 ± 1.4) mmHg, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The SpO2 in 2 groups was maintained at 0.99. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between 2 groups (P>0.05). The SpO2 and PaO2 levels at 1, 3 d after surgery in protective ventilation group were significantly higher than those in standard ventilation group:0.951 ± 0.018 vs. 0.936 ± 0.016 and 0.964 ± 0.018 vs. 0.949 ± 0.018, (74.8 ± 6.8) mmHg vs. (65.0 ± 6.2) mmHg and (79.6 ± 6.0) mmHg vs. (70.6 ± 5.3) mmHg, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), percentage of the estimated value of FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC) and percentage of the estimated value of FVC at 1, 3 and 5 d after surgery in protective ventilation group were significantly higher than those in standard ventilation group, the FEV1/FVC at 1 d after surgery was significantly higher than that in standard ventilation group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions The lung protective ventilation strategy and alveolar recruitment maneuvers can improve the postoperative pulmonary function and oxygen partial pressure during general anesthesia for abdominal surgery. Low vital volume, appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuvers can protect the lung in general anesthesia patients.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, with the characteristics of high morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer is closely related to the abnormal activation of Wnt signaling pathway. Abnormal expression of β-catenin in Wnt pathway is found both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells. Different drugs can target the Wnt signaling pathway and its upstream and downstream related factors to inhibit or suppress the development of colorectal cancer. We review the components of Wnt signaling pathway, and the correlation between Wnt signaling pathway and colorectal cancer. Then, we summarize the current status of drug research targeting the Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Finally, the challenges and prospects of these methods and drugs were briefly summarized.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory indicators for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 73 patients with primary HCC who underwent radical partial hepatectomy in the Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital of Tsinghua University from December 2014 to July 2019 were collected. There were 57 males and 16 females, aged from 33 to 81 years, with a median age of 58 years. Results of blood examination indicators at the first time in hospital were determined for patients. Observation indicators: (1) the best cut-off values of?? preoperative inflammatory indicators calculated by the maximally selected rank statistics; (2) follow-up; (3) influencing factors for prognosis of HCC patients; (4) comparison of clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients; (5) comparison of predictive value for overall survival. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination and telephone interview to determine postoperative survival of patients up to September 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range). The best cut-off values ??for continuous variables were obtained using the maximally selected rank statistics based on survival at endpoint of follow-up. Count data were represented as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Univariate analysis was performed using the Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the COX proportional hazard model. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to compare the predictive value of independent prognostic factors. Results:(1) The best cut-off values of?? preoperative inflammatory indicators calculated by the maximally selected rank statistics: the best cut-off values of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and prognostic nutrition index (PNI) were 3.46, 131.05, and 45.65. (2) Follow-up: 73 patients were followed up for 31 months (range, 2-57 months). Twenty patients died during the follow-up. (3) Influencing factors for prognosis of HCC patients: results of univariate analysis showed that NLR, PNI, tumor diameter, and tumor differentiation degree were related factors affecting prognosis of patients ( χ2=10.213, 4.434, 5.174, 4.306, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that NLR and tumor differentiation degree were independent factors affecting prognosis of patients ( hazzard ratio=4.429, 13.278, 95% confidence interval as 1.662-11.779, 1.056-10.169, P<0.05). (4) Comparison of clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients: of 73 patients, 64 cases had NLR<3.46 and 9 cases had NLR≥3.46. Cases with tumor length >5 cm or ≤5 cm, neutrophils, lymphocytes were 23, 41, (2.9±1.2)×10 9/L, (1.7±0.6)×10 9/L for 64 patients with NLR<3.46, versus 8, 1, (5.8±2.9)×10 9/L, (1.0±0.3)×10 9/L for 9 patients with NLR≥3.46; there were significant differences in above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=7.017, t=2.982, -3.168, P<0.05). (5) Comparison of predictive value for overall survival: time-dependent ROC curves of NLR and tumor differentiation degree for 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-year survival rates had the area under curve of 0.735,0.611, 0.596, 0.574 and 0.554, 0.583, 0.572, 0.556, respectively. NLR had better predictive value for overall survival of patients than tumor differentiation degree. Conclusion:Preoperative NLR is an independent factor affecting prognosis patients, and its predictive efficacy is better than tumor differentiation degree.

Objective:To establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of 5 microRNA (miRNA) target genes differentially expressed in the plasma of coal-burning fluoride exposed population, and to screen genes and gene modules with important roles.Methods:Five miRNA (hsa-miRNA-3131, hsa-miRNA-4516, hsa-miRNA-6501-5p, hsa-miRNA-10b-5p, hsa-miRNA-4683) target genes differentially expressed in the plasma of coal-burning fluoride exposed population screened by our previous study were mapped to the STRING online database (https://string-db.org), and the PPI network was screened. The Cytoscape v3.6.0 software was used to visualize the PPI network, the topological attribute values degree and betweenness centrality were obtained by the NetworkAnalyzer plug-in, and the central node was filtered in the network (the node with the highest degree and the highest betweenness centrality). At the same time, the maximal clique centrality (MCC) analysis method in the CytoHubba plug-in was used to determine the important nodes in the PPI network. The cluster analysis was conducted by the MCODE plug-in, and the gene modules were screened in the PPI network. The protein names contained in the gene modules were submitted online to the KOBAS v3.0 database (http://kobas.cbi.pku.edu.cn/), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the gene modules selected by the MCODE plug-in.Results:The PPI network of target genes was consisted of 1 035 nodes and 4 346 edges. The degree (101) and betweenness centrality (0.010 723 89) of ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 (UBA52) were the highest, which was the central node of the PPI network. According to MCC analysis, UBA52 was an important node in the PPI network. The top 5 gene modules were selected from the PPI network, and the highly enriched gene pathways in the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the 5 gene modules included ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, spliceosome, endocytosis, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and vesicular transport.Conclusion:The PPI network of 5 miRNA target genes differentially expressed in the plasma of people exposed to coal-burning pollution of fluoride is successfully established, and the UBA52 gene and the 5 main pathways of gene modules are selected.

Objective To establish a rabbit model of facial skin lifting and to evaluate the skin lifting effects of absorbable soft tissue plastic belt, and to provide experimental basis for clinical application of this plastic belt.Methods 36 Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into model control group (n=6) and plastic belt lifting group (n=30). The model control group received only facial skin resection surgery, while the plastic belt lifting group had facial skin resection and plastic belt implantation.The changes of rabbit general status, skin lifting effects, performance of plastic belt and pathological changes of subcutaneous tissue after implantation were determined during the 4 weeks after surgery. Results The rabbit skin wound was healed within 3-7 days after surgery without infection.Meanwhile, the plastic belts did not show shifting or rupture, and only whitening around the perforations was observed in the two groups.Compared with the model control group, the MA and MB distances in the plastic belt lifting group were significantly lower ( P<0.01 ) , while the biological tension of plastic belts in the facial skin lifting rabbit models was significantly increased with the extension of time after implantation (P<0.01), and the biological tension was 18.62 N at 4 weeks after transplantation. In addition, the tensile intensities of perforations and plate in the two groups were significantly reduced at 4 weeks postoperatively (P<0.01), the tensile intensity of perforations and plate in the two groups were maintained at 35.07 N and 53.31 N, respectively, and the perforations/plate tensile intensity ratio of the two groups remained unchanged during 4 weeks after transplantation ( P >0.05 ) .Moreover, the molecular weight ( Mw ) , peak molecular weight ( Mp ) , Z molecular weight (Mz) and viscosity were gradually decreased along with the time passing after implantation (P<0.01), and its dispersion Mz/Mw ratio was also gradually decreased from 2 weeks after implantation (P<0.01), and no obvious pathological changes were found after subcutaneous implantation of the plastic belts.Conclusions We have successfully established a facial skin lifting rabbit model, and the plastic belt can obviously lift the facial skin fascia system and keep intact more than 4 weeks in the body.Therefore, this plastic belt can be applied for anti-wrinkle facial soft tissue lifting against the skin damage caused by aging.

The high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence micelle assay (HPLC-FMA) method for the content determination of polysorbate 80 in monoclonal antibody drugs was validated to study its applicability and transferability between various laboratories, and the feasibility to be included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Both J.T. Baker and Nanjing Well-sourced polysorbate 80 was used in the collaborative validation of polysorbate 80 content analysis in seven different laboratories. The results show that when the protein concentration was no more than 20 mg·mL^-1 and the concentration of polysorbate 80 ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 mg·mL^-1, the method had good specificity. The recovery rates of the spiked samples ranged from 92.20% to 117.70% for J.T.Baker and from 93.90% to 117.20% for Nanjing Well. The intra-laboratory precision (%RSD) was less than 4.30% for J.T. Baker, and less than 2.60% for Nanjing Well, while the overall precision was less than 5.45% for J.T. Baker, and less than 6.70% for Nanjing Well. The linear correlation coefficient was more than 0.98 for J.T. Baker and more than 0.99 for Nanjing Well. The results of the collaborative validation prove that the HPLC-FMA method has good accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity, and could be used for release control analysis of polysorbate 80 content in monoclonal antibodies across different laboratories.

Objective To investigate the actual situation of implementation of the project to reduce water arsenic in endemic arsenic poisoning areas in Shanxi province,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods In June 2011,a questionnaire survey of 151 arsenic endemic villages was carried out in Shanxi province.The actual situation of implementation of the project to reduce water arsenic was investigated.Water samples were collected and arsenic level was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Results In the 151 arsenic poisoning villages 126 villages had changed the water,and the rate was 83.44％.In these villages,22 villages did not use the water improvement utilities properly.Of the 33 water improvement projects to reduce arsenic,23 operated normally.The projects covered 110 villages,beneficiary population of 97 920 people,accounting for 46.9％(97 920/208 736) of the total population.Water arsenic exceeded the national standards(≤0.05 mg/L) in 10 of the water improvement projects which covered 31 villages,including 15 nonendemic villages and 16 diseased villages.There were a population of 24 764 people in the diseased villages.Conclusions In Shanxi endemic arsenic poisoning areas,water improvement efforts need to be strengthened; the quality of water improvement project needs to be improved,and the project's later management and maintenance also need to be further strengthened.